Anatomy and Physiology PDF

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN ORGANISM 1.1 ANATOMY – scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures (ex. The shape and size of bones) DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY – studies the structural changes occur between conception and adulthood o EMBRYOLOGY – c...

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN ORGANISM 1.1 ANATOMY – scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures (ex. The shape and size of bones) DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY – studies the structural changes occur between conception and adulthood o EMBRYOLOGY – changes from conception to the end of the eight week of development CYTOLOGY – examines the structural feature of cells HISTOLOGY – examines tissues, which are composed of cells and the materials surrounding them GROSS ANATOMY – study of structures that can be examined without the aid of microscope, can be approached either systemically or regionally o REGIONAL ANATOMY – study area by area o SYSTEMIC ANATOMY – study system by system SURFACE ANATOMY – looking at the exterior of the body to visualize structures deeper inside the body ANATOMICAL ANOMALIES – physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern PHYSIOLOGY – science of the normal function of living systems ▪ Studying human physiology are to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli and to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in a constantly changing environment. ▪ PHYSIOLOGY often examines systems rather than regions because a particular function can involve portions of a system in more than one region. o CELL PHYSIOLOGY – examines the processes occurring in cells o SYSTEMUC PHYSIOLOGY – considers the function of organ systems o NEUROPHYSIOLOGY – focuses on nervous system o CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY – deals with the heart and blood vessels Studies of the human body must encompass both anatomy and physiology because structures, functions, and processes are interwoven. PATHOLOGY – the structural and functional changes resulting from disease EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY – focuses on the changes in function and structure caused by exercise