Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

Anatomy

• Anatomy is a scientific discipline investigating the body's structures, including the shape and size of bones.
• Developmental Anatomy focuses on structural changes from conception to adulthood, encompassing various stages of growth.
• Embryology studies changes occurring from conception to the end of eight weeks of development.
• Cytology examines structural features of cells.
• Histology studies tissues, which consist of cells and their surrounding materials.
• Gross Anatomy analyzes structures visible without a microscope, approached either systemically or regionally.
• Regional Anatomy investigates specific areas of the body, while Systemic Anatomy studies different organ systems.
• Surface Anatomy involves visualizing deeper body structures through external examination.
• Anatomical Anomalies refer to physical characteristics that deviate from normal patterns.

Physiology

• Physiology is the science of normal functions of living systems, focusing on understanding and predicting body responses to stimuli.
• It examines how the body maintains internal conditions within narrow ranges despite changing external environments.
• Physiological studies often target systems rather than specific regions, recognizing that many functions span multiple areas.
• Cell Physiology studies processes within individual cells.
• Systemic Physiology investigates the functions of entire organ systems.
• Neurophysiology specifically focuses on the nervous system's functions.
• Cardiovascular Physiology pertains to the heart and blood vessels and their functions.

Interrelationship of Anatomy and Physiology

• Studies of the human body must integrate both anatomy and physiology, as structures and functions are closely interwoven and affect one another.

Anatomy

• Anatomy is a scientific discipline investigating the body's structures, including the shape and size of bones.
• Developmental Anatomy focuses on structural changes from conception to adulthood, encompassing various stages of growth.
• Embryology studies changes occurring from conception to the end of eight weeks of development.
• Cytology examines structural features of cells.
• Histology studies tissues, which consist of cells and their surrounding materials.
• Gross Anatomy analyzes structures visible without a microscope, approached either systemically or regionally.
• Regional Anatomy investigates specific areas of the body, while Systemic Anatomy studies different organ systems.
• Surface Anatomy involves visualizing deeper body structures through external examination.
• Anatomical Anomalies refer to physical characteristics that deviate from normal patterns.

Physiology

• Physiology is the science of normal functions of living systems, focusing on understanding and predicting body responses to stimuli.
• It examines how the body maintains internal conditions within narrow ranges despite changing external environments.
• Physiological studies often target systems rather than specific regions, recognizing that many functions span multiple areas.
• Cell Physiology studies processes within individual cells.
• Systemic Physiology investigates the functions of entire organ systems.
• Neurophysiology specifically focuses on the nervous system's functions.
• Cardiovascular Physiology pertains to the heart and blood vessels and their functions.

Interrelationship of Anatomy and Physiology

• Studies of the human body must integrate both anatomy and physiology, as structures and functions are closely interwoven and affect one another.