Anat-Histo-L-15 Respiratory System PDF

Anat-Histo-L-15 Anatomy & 1- Upper Histology of the Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Dr Ayida Al Wahaibi, AY 2023-2024  Objective...

Anat-Histo-L-15 Anatomy & 1- Upper Histology of the Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Dr Ayida Al Wahaibi, AY 2023-2024  Objectives Students should be able to: 1. Identify the components of the respiratory system. 2. Describe location & structural characteristics of the components of the respiratory system. 3. Describe the basic functions of the upper respiratory tract. 4. Relate the structure of each part to its functions. 5. Identify histological sections from different parts of the respiratory system. 2  Respiration Respiration is the process of breathing. i.e. moving air in and out of the lungs. To accomplish respiration, the following process must take place; Pulmonary ventilation External respiration Transport of respiratory gases Internal respiration 7  Respiration External Transport of Pulmonary respiratory Internal ventilation respiration respiration gases Moving air in Transporting Gas exchange O2 & CO2 Gas exchange & out of the between lungs between the between blood and air lungs & cells blood & at alveoli of the body tissue cells at systemic capillaries https://pressbooks.ccconline.org/bio106/chapt er/respiratory-structures-and-functions/ https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Alveoli.svg https://pressbooks.ccconline.org/bio106/chapter 8 /cardiovascular-structures-and-functions/  Respiratory System Respiratory Muscles of Tract Respiration Upper Res. Tract Lower Res. Tract Lungs Nasal cavity Trachea Pharynx Bronchi Larynx Bronchioles 9  Functions of the Nose Respiratory Olfactory functions functions Filtering Smell Warming Humidifying and (olfactory cleaning nerve) 10  Nasal Cavity The main route of air entry. Divided in to two cavities by the nasal septum. Nasal septum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Nasal_cavity_2.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Midsagittal_view_of_t he_mouth_and_nasal_cavities.jpg 11  Nasal Conchae Increase the surface area. Cause turbulence. Spared the inspired air over the nasal cavity. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b 3/Anatomy_of_the_human_nasal_cavity.png 12  Lining of the Nasal Cavity Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Highly vascular. Contain mucus-secreting cells (Goblet Cells). https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/vethisto/chapter/10- https://www.getbodysmart.com/nasal-cavity/respiratory-mucosa-anatomy/ respiratory-tract-air-conduction/ 13  Pharynx Begins from behind the nose. Ends at the beginning of the larynx and the esophagus. It is a common channel that conducts both air and food. The epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or aspiration. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mouth_and_pharynx.png 15  The Epiglottis Oropharynx Epiglottis Posterior part of the tongue https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/High_rising_epiglottis.JPG 11  Pharynx Lined by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium … Why? https://slideplayer.com/slide/5135697/ 16  Larynx Commonly known as the voice box. Made of different hyaline cartilages. Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Pharynx Cricoid Larynx cartilage https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Larynx_and_Pharynx_Anatomical_Relationship.png 17  Larynx https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Book%3A_Contempor ary_Health_Issues- 1_%28Lumen%29/05%3A_The_Respiratory_System/5.03%3A_Larynx Vocal Cords True Vocal Cords Controlled by muscles They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during phonation. False Vocal Cords Composed of folddings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx. 18  Larynx When the muscle When the muscle relax.. cords open contract.. The cords (abducted).. produce close (adducted).. low pitched of the produce high pitched voice. sound. 19  Lining Of The Larynx The larynx lined by ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, but …. Luminal surface of the vocal fold is lined by stratified squamous epithelium … Why? http://medsci.indiana.edu/histo/docs/lab10_3.htm 20  Lining Of The Larynx: Epiglottis Elastic cartilage (*). Lacuna, some containing Stratified chondrocytes, surrounded by a cartilaginous matrix. Perichondrium (P) At the edge of the squamous tissue surrounding the cartilage. epithelium Respiratory epithelium *P P https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-larynx-trachea-functions- protective-mechanisms-voice-production.html https://www.dreamstime.com/histology-epiglottis-human-tissue-show- epithelium-cell-connective-muscle-microscope-view-image147728889 21  Larynx: Epiglottis Find the differences between the two slides. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Trachea_%28mammal%29 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Elastic_cart_100X.JPG _histology_cross-section.png 22  Reading Anatomy for Dental Students, 4th edition, Section 1:5 Respiratory System. pp. 39-41. Wheater’s Functional Histology, 5th Edition. Part 2: Basic tissue types. Respiratory System, pp. 234-245. 19