An Introduction to Veterinary Orthopaedic Surgery 2023 PDF

An Introduction to Veterinary Orthopaedic Surgery Unza-Vet  Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: Define basic terms in orthopaedic surgery Identify common instruments used in orthopaedics and discuss their us...

An Introduction to Veterinary Orthopaedic Surgery Unza-Vet  Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: Define basic terms in orthopaedic surgery Identify common instruments used in orthopaedics and discuss their use. Describe fractures Discuss the clinical approach to an orthopaedic patient  Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: Define basic terms in orthopaedic surgery Identify common instruments used in orthopaedics and discuss their use. Describe fractures Discuss the clinical approach to an orthopaedic patient  Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: Define basic terms in orthopaedic surgery Identify common instruments used in orthopaedics and discuss their use. Describe fractures Discuss the clinical approach to an orthopaedic patient  Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: Define basic terms in orthopaedic surgery Identify common instruments used in orthopaedics and discuss their use. Describe fractures Discuss the clinical approach to an orthopaedic patient Prescribed Texts  Introduction The musculoskeletal system gives the patient the ability to move muscles and bones Orthopaedic surgeons manage conditions such as musculoskeletal trauma, DJD, congenital diseases etc.  Definitions Orthopaedics – A specialty in medicine that involves management and treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, tendons, nerves etc.) Fracture – a discontinuity in the functional anatomical integrity of a bone. Often abbreviated # or Fx. Usually caused by trauma or bone disease and evidenced by crepitus  Definitions Fracture segments - large bone segments with articulating surfaces Fracture fragments - small pieces of bone often associated with a comminuted fracture  Definitions ASIF – Association for the study of internal fixation AO – Association of osteosynthesis Fracture Reduction – the process of re- apposing the fracture fragments and/or segments Fracture Alignment – The process of orientation of joints proximal and distal to the fracture, it has a greater impact on function than reduction; anatomic reduction is not needed to achieve anatomic alignment (and therefore function)  Definitions Fixation or Stabilization – The process of maintaining major fracture segments in a functional position. Various tools and techniques may be used: External coaptation (casts and splints), External skeletal fixation, Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) - wires, intramedullary fixation, plates and screws, etc  Topics to be done by students – self study Fracture Healing and fracture site biology (In Practice. January 2003 – Sorrel Langley Hobbs) Radiographic Assessment of fracture healing Types and function of bone grafts  Common Aetiologies of Fractures Direct Violence Indirect Violence (Avulsion Fracture) Bending Force Torsional Force Compression Force Shearing Force Disease of Bone (Pathological Fracture) Repeated Stress (Fatigue Fracture)  Fracture Description & Classification Fractures are described and classified using various criterion: Name of bone involved Location within the bone – epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis, proximal 1/3 distal 2/3 etc. Number of fracture fragments /segments – two, three multiple or segmented Extent of bony damage - Incomplete#, Complete# Degree of complexity/Involvement of Other tissues  INCOMPLETE FRACTURES An incomplete fracture implies that a bone has not lost continuity completely; some aspect of the bone remains intact. Examples include: - Green Stick # - Fissure # - Depression # - Folding # Torus #  Fracture Description & Classification continued Configuration of fracture interface (Main #) Transverse Oblique – short (