Physiology Past Paper PDF

Physiology Dr Nageeb 1) Regarding swallowing, which of the following prevents food from entering the nasal passages during swallowing? a-Approximation of vocal folds. b-Contraction of pharyngeal muscles. c-Elevation of epiglottis....

Physiology Dr Nageeb 1) Regarding swallowing, which of the following prevents food from entering the nasal passages during swallowing? a-Approximation of vocal folds. b-Contraction of pharyngeal muscles. c-Elevation of epiglottis. d-Elevation of soft palate. 2) Stomach secretes many enzymes. The gastric enzyme that digests proteins to proteases and polypeptides is which one of the followings? a-Amylase. b-Lipase. c-Pepsin. d-Trypsin 3) Regarding pepsinogens, which of the following statements is correct: a-Digest carbohydrate b-Their secretion are linked with Hcl secretion c-Are secreted from parietal cell. d-Their optimum pH 4-5.3. 4) Gastrin hormone secretion is inhibited by: Caffine Stomach distension. Somatostatin. Protein digestive products. 5) Regarding salivary secretion, which of the following statement is correct? The saliva becomes hyperosmotic to plasma. The final concentration of K+ is 15 mmol/L. Lumen of the duct becomes +ve (70 mvolt) to outside The primary CL secretion is equal to 15 mmol/L. 6) Which of the following stimulates gastrin hormone secretion? A- Secretin hormone. B- Increase acidity (Ph< 2). C- Polypeptide amino acid. D- Sympathetic stimulation as in depression. Make it Easy 1  Physiology Dr Nageeb 7) Concerning deglutition, which of the following is appropriate? A- The center of the swallowing reflex is located within midbrain. B- Bilateral vagotomy induces difficult swallowing in the upper half of the esophagus. C- Buccal phase is involuntary reflex, initiated by the presence of food in the oral cavity. D-The primary peristaltic esophageal waves travel at rate of 1-2 cm /sec. 8) Which of the following secretions is most dependent on vagal stimulation: a) Saliva. b) Hcl. c) Pepsin. d) Bile. 9) Gastrin secretion is increased by............. acid in the lumen of stomach. distension of stomach. increased circulating levels of secretin. vagotomy. 10) Regarding Pepsinogen a) Still active in duodenum. b) Secreted from parietal cell. c) Activated by Hcl and by pepsin. d) Pepsinogen one is not linked with Hcl secretion. 11) Saliva is responsible for all EXCEPT a) helps in deglutition b) prevents dental caries c) is essential for complete digestion of starch d) prevents decalcification of the teeth; 12) Salivary secretion is controlled by: a) Unconditioned reflex b) Conditioned reflex c) Hormonal d) Enteric plexus e) Both conditional and unconditional reflex 13) During pharyngeal phase of Deglutition there is: a) opening of nasal cavity b) Opening of glottis c) opening of larynx d) Inhibition of respiration Make it Easy 2  Physiology Dr Nageeb 14) Tone of lower esophageal sphincter is increased by: a) Vag N. b) Myenteric plexus c) Fats and coffee d) Secretin hormone 15)HCL is secreted by: a) Gobley cells b) G. cells c) Oxyntic cells d) Chief cells e) D. cells 16)HCL secretion is increased by: a) Histamine b) Adrenaline c) Secretin d) Prostaglandin e) CCK 17) Pepsinogen is activated by: a) Proteins b) Fats c) HCL d) CCK 18) HCL increase absorption of: a) Iron b) Cobalt c) Milk d) Cupper 19)Gastrin hormone causes: a) Relaxation of lower asephagus b) Contraction ileoccal sphincter c) decresee endocrinal secretion of pancreas d) increase gastric motility Make it Easy 3  Physiology Dr Nageeb 20) Enter gastric reflex is stimulated by all of the following execpt: a) Proteins b) HCL c) Carbohydrates d) Hypo-osmotic solution e) CCK 21) Cephalic phase of gastric secretion is mediated by: a- neurohormones b-parasympathellc c. sympathetic d- gastrin 22) Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the: a- G cell b-chief cell c-mucous cell d-parietal cell 23) Function of HCL is: a- increase gastric release b- increase secretion of secretin c-secretion of CCK d- secretion of glucagon 24) The tone in lower esophageal sphincter is increased by: a- VIP b-fat c- caffeine d-gastrin 25) Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva? A. Alpha-amylase and ligual lipase. B. Mucin and muramidase. C. Bicarbonate and magnesium. D. Protease and peptidase. Make it Easy 4  Physiology Dr Nageeb 26) If you increase the rate of salivary secretion which of the following changes in lonic composition results? A. Sodium concentration increases. B. Bicarbonate concentration decreases. C. Chloride decreases. D. Potassium increases. 27) Which of the following salivary components continues to be active in the acidic environment of the stomach? A. Alpha-amylase B. Lingual lipase. 28) Which of the following best describes type of saliva produced when parasympathetic stimulation increases the rate of salivary secretion? A. Copius, protein-poor, electrolyte-rich. B. Scant, transient protein-rich (mucin), electrolyte poor. C. Scant, protein-poor, electrolyte-poor. D. Copius, protein-rich (mucin), electrolyte-rich. 29) Which pair is correct concerning secretory glands/cells in the stomach and their products? A. Cardiac glands - hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. B. Parietal cells - pepsinogen C. Chief cells - mucus D. D cells-somatostatin. 30) Which of the following does NOT regulate gastric acid secretion? A. Vagus nerve stimulation. B. Cholecystokinin. C. Histamine D. Gastrin 31) Which of the following combinations will result in the most acid secretion through potentiation? A. Vagal input, histamine, gastrin B. Vagal input, histamine, secretin C. Histamine, gastrin, secretin. D. Gastrin, vagal input, secretin Make it Easy 5  Physiology Dr Nageeb 32) Gastrin hormone is stimulated by all the following except: a. Distension of the stomach. b. Presence of polypeptides in the stomach. c. Increase the acidity in the stomach d. Increase vagal stimulation. 33) The following hormones are inhibitory to gastric functions except: a. VIP. b. Gastrin. c.GIP. d.Secretin. 34) Which of the followings does not occur during gastric HCI secretion? a- There is an active transport of H+ to the lumen of the gland. b- Dissociation of water to H+ and OH-ians occurs. b c- It involves the formation of carbonic acid from CO2 and H2O. d- The pH of the venous blood leaving the stomach is decreased. 35) Swallowing reflex is characterized by the following except: a. Its centre is present in pons. b. It involve closure of epiglottis. c. It is absent in general anesthesia. d. It involve transient apnea 36) Gastrin hormone secretion is inhibited by: a-Caffine. b-Antral distension. c-Somatostatin. d-Protein digestive products 37) All the following enzymes are present in saliva except: a-Kalikrein. b-ptyaline. c-trypsinogen. d-lysozyme. 38) Dental caries is prevented by saliva via: a-lysozyme content. b-Thiothinate c-Immunoglobulin content. d-All of the above. Make it Easy 6  Physiology Dr Nageeb 39) Saliva produces the following functions except ? a-Help lipid digestion in mouth by lingual lipase. b-Water excretion. c-Facilitates taste sensation. d-Neutralizes Hcl in stomach by its buffers 40) During deglutition: a-In pharyngeal phase, deglutition apnea occurs. b-The protective reflexes occurs even when the mouth is widely opened. c-The esophageal phase is involuntary while the pharyngeal phase is voluntary. d-In esophageal phase, only primary peristalsis occurs 41) Formation of Hcl in the stomach: a-ls the only function of parietal cell. b-Occurs in stomach lumen. c-Leads to post prandial alkaline tide. d-Does not need carbonic anhydrase enzyme. 42) Of receptors on parietal cell membrane: a-Gastrin receptors. b-M2 muscarinic receptors. c-H1 histaminic receptors. d-All of the above 43) Gastrin hormone: a-Increases the tone of L.O.S and ilio-cecal sphincter. b-Increases the growth of gastric mucosa. c-Inhibits gastric motility. d-None of the above. 44) Normal swallowing is dependant on the integrity of the a. 9th and 10th cranial nerves b. pyramidal tract c. trigeminal nerve d. appetite center of hypothalamus 45) Secretion of intrinsic factor occurs in a. parietal cells of stomach b. chief cells of stomach c. upper abdomen d. alpha cells of pancreas Make it Easy 7  Physiology Dr Nageeb 46) Which of the following sphincters does NOT prevent reflux of material? A. Lower esophageal sphincter B. Gastroduodenal sphincter. C. Ileocolonic sphincter D. Internal anal sphincter 47) Which of the following statements is correct? a- Fear and dehydration increases salivary secretion. b- Salivary secretion is primarily under hormonal control. c- Bradykinin decreases blood flow to salivary gland. d- Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves increase the function of salivary gland 48) Contraction of gall bladder is occurred by: a) Atropine b) Sympathetic stimulation c) Secretin d) CCK. 49) In obstructive jaundice, which of the following manifestation is observed: a) Dark stool. b) Tachycardia. c) Normal urine color. d) Steatorrhea. 50) Concerning ileocecal sphincter, It is relaxed by all of the following Except: a) Gastrin hormone b) Distension of ileum c) Distension of the stomach. d) Over distension of cecum 51)Reflex vomiting is produced by: a) Early pregnancy b) Irritation of gastric mucosa c) diabetic ketoacidosis d) renal failure 52) Regarding mechanisms of intestinal motility, which of the following is the type of intestinal motility that occurs in small intestine to move chyme caudally? a) Antiperistalsis b) Receative relaxation c) Peristalsis d) Segmentation Make it Easy 8  Physiology Dr Nageeb 53) Which one of the following factors delays emptying of the stomach? A- Fatty meal. B- Parasympathetic stimulation. C- Emulsified food. D- Inhibition of CCK secretion. 54) Concerning obstructive jaundice, which of the following laboratory data can be detected? A- Decreased alkaline phosphatase in plasma. B- Increased hemobilrubin in blood. C- Increased stercobilin in feces. D- Increased cholebilirubin in urine. 55) Gall bladder bile differs from liver bile in that: A- It is more diluted B- It is more acidic. C- It contains a large amount of HCO3-. D- It is about 1.1 gm %. 56) Regarding receptive relaxation of the gastric motility, which one of the following is appropriate? A- It is regular weak contractions. B- It occurs in the opposite direction of the stomach. C- It is initiated by vagal reflex. D- Its Rate is 3 waves / min. 57) PH of pancreatic juice is a) 6.5-7.6 b) 7.8-8.3 c) 5.3-6.4 d) 8.4-9.2 58) Which one of the following pancreatic enzymes released for digesting carbohydrates: a) Amylase b) Trypsinogen c) Ribonuclease d) Non above Make it Easy 9  Physiology Dr Nageeb 59) Which of the following is true about the secretion from exocrine pancreas? a) It has higher Cl concentration than does plasma b) It is stimulated by the presence of HCO3 in the duodenum c) Pancreatic HCO3 secretion is decreased by gastrin d) Pancreatic enzyme secretion is increased by Cholecystokinin 60) Which of the following enzyme activate the inactive enzyme involved in protein digestion? a) Trypsinogen b) Trypsin c) Chymotrypsin a) Carboxypolypeptidase 61)Active HCO3 secretion in lumen occurs by: a- Increased secretion of cholecystokinin b- Decreased secretion of cholecystokinin c- Increased secretion of secretin d- Decreased secretion of secretin 62) Reflex vomiting is produced by the following EXCЕРТ.. a) Early pregnancy. b) Irritation of gastric mucosa. c) Mechanical irritation of back of oro-pharynx. d) Stimulation of S.C.C. 63) The major factor controlling bile salt secretion from the a) Secretin release during a meal. b) Fat entering the small intestine. c) Bile acids produced by the liver. d) Bile reabsorbed from the intestine. 64) Which of the following will inhibit stomach contractions? a) A cetyle choline. b) Motilin. c) Gastrin. d) Secretin. Make it Easy 11  Physiology Dr Nageeb 65) Gastrin secretion is increased by............. a) acid in the lumen of stomach. b) distension of stomach. c) increased circulating levels of secretin. d) vagotomy. 66) Regarding Pepsinogen a) Still active in duodenum. b) Secreted from parietal cell. c) Activated by Hcl and by pepsin. d) Pepsinogen one is not linked with Hcl secretion. 67) Gall bladder contraction is induced by a) Only by CCK. b) Only by vagal activity. c) By certain sympathetic nerves. d) By both A and B. 68) The segmenting movements in the small intestine a) Decreases particle size, which increases the surface area for digestion. b) Brings the products of digestion to the mucosal surface for absorption c) Results in the mixing of the luminal contents in front of the propulsive segments d) All of the above. 69) Tone of lower esophageal sphincter is increased by: a) Vag N. b) Myenteric plexus c) Fats and coffee d) Secretin hormone 70) Gastrin hormone causes: a) Relaxation of lower asephagus b) Contraction ileoccal sphincter c) decrese endocrinal secretion of pancreas d) Increase gastric Motility 71) During vomiting there is: a) Contraction of cardiac sphinoter b) Contraction of diaphragm c) Relaxation of abdominal muscles d) opening of glottis Make it Easy 11 Physiology Dr Nageeb 72) Intestinal Motility is increased by: a) Sympathetic b) Glucagon c) CCK d) Secretin 73) Intestinal secretion is increased by: a) Local enteric reflexs b) Adrenaline c) Histamine d) GIP 74) CCK causes: a) Gastric functions b) Intestinal enzymatic secretion c) Intestinal motility d) Evacuation of bile 75) Secretin hormone causes: a) HCL passage to the duodenum b) Intestinal mucus c) Insulin hormone d) Na HCO3 secretion e) Gastric functions 76) Bile secretion is stimulated by: a) Adrenaline b) Histamine c) Bile salts d) CCK e) Gastrin 77) Bile salts cause: a) Digestion of proteins b) ↓Intestinal motility c) Evacuation of gall bladder d) Antibacterial effect e) Absorption of carbohydrates Make it Easy 12 Physiology Dr Nageeb 78) In hemolytic Jaundice there is: a) Dark brown urine b) Pale stool c) Splenomegaly d) Itching e) ↓Vit. K 79) In hepatic Jaundice there is: a) Biphasic van den berg reaction b) ↓Cholebilirabin c) Pale urine d) ↑ Stercobilin e) itching 80) In obstructive Jaundice there is: a) Indirect van den berg reaction b)↑ Cholebilirubin c) Pale urine d) Dark stool e) Tachycardia 81) Large intestine causes: a) Difestion of fats b) Absorption of proteins c) Alkaline mucus d) Absorption of electrolytes e) Digestion of carbohydrates 82) Voluntary defecation is controlled by: a) Hypothalamus b) Pelvic N. c) Cerebral cortex d) Sympathetic 83) Pancreatic secretion rich in water and bicarbonate is secreted in response a- cholecystokinin b-secretin c- protein d- gastrin Make it Easy 13  Physiology Dr Nageeb 84) The tone in lower esophageal sphincter is increased by: a- VIP b-fat c- caffeine d-gastrin 85) Diarrhea causes: a- alkalaemia b- increase Ca++ c- acidaemia d- overhydration 86) In haemolytic jaundice, there is: a- pale stool b- dark brown urine from the start c- increase cholibilirubin d-Increase haembilirubin 87) CCK-PZ hormone causes: a- Increase gastric acidity b- decrease exocrine pancreatic secretion c- Increase gastric motility d- none of the above 88) Complication of vomiting includes all of the following except: a- dehydration b- tetany c-acidaemia d-K loss 89) In obstructive laundice: a- dark stool b- tachycardia c- normal colour uriue d- pruritis 90) Severe vomiting may lead to the following complications except: a) Dehydration b) Hyperkalemia. c) Metabolic alkalosis. d) Tetany. Make it Easy 14 Physiology Dr Nageeb 91)Secretin: a- is secreted in response to contact of protein with duodenal mucosa. b- is secreted from the duodenum due to decreased in pH of its content. c- stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes. 92) Which of the following is NOT involved in swallowing A. Contracture of the upper esophageal sphincter B. Coordination by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata. C. The approximation of the vocal cords to close the glottis. D. The raising of the larynx to close its entrance. 93) Emptying gastric contents into the small intestine is strictly controlled. Which of the following is most acurately represents this concept? A. High caloric meals empty faster. B. Liquid and solid meals empty at the same rate. C. Higher acidity in the stomach results in a slower rate of emptying. D. Tonicity of the gastric solution doesn't affect the rate of emptying. 94) Bile salts are: a- the cause of jaundice when their level in blood increases. b- responsible for the normal colour of urine. c- produced from hemolysed RBCs. d- choleretic agents. 95) If duodenal mucosal release of CCK was not working properly, which phase of pancreatic secretion would be interfered with? A. Cephalic phase. B. Gastric phase. C. Intestinal phase. D. Duodenal phase. 96) The following hormones are inhibitory to gastric functions except: a. VIP. b. Gastrin. c.GIP. d.Secretin. 97) Which of the following has little effect on pancreatic secretion or it's components? A. Acetylcholine. B. Sympathetic stimulation. C. Secretin D. Cholecystokinin Make it Easy 15 Physiology Dr Nageeb 98) Which of the following is NOT a component of bile secretions? A. Stercobilin. B. Bile pigments C. Cholesterol D. Lecithin 99) Which of the following delays the emptying of the stomach: a- presence of fat in the stomach. b- moderate distension of the stomach. c- the gastrocolic reflex. d- presence of alkaline chyme in the duodenum. 100) Which of the followings does not occur during gastric HCI secretion? a- There is an active transport of H+ to the lumen of the gland. b- Dissociation of water to H+ and OH-ians occurs. b c- It involves the formation of carbonic acid from CO2 and H2O. d- The pH of the venous blood leaving the stomach is decreased. 101) Basic electrical rhythm is characterized by the following except: a. 3-5 cycles/min. b. Some lead to spike potential and peristalsis. c. Start at midpoint of greater curvature. d. Vagal and gastrin decrease its rate. 102) Defective parietal cells would result in malabsorption of which vitamin? A. Vitamin B1 B. Vitamin B2 C. Niacin D.Vitamin B12 103) The useful bacteria in large intestine: a-Can synthesize some vitamins. b-Stimulate lymphocytes to produce IgM, IgA. c-Prevent cecal enlargement. d- All of the above. 104) Gastroinhibitory peptide (GIP): a. Is a gastric hormone. b. Is a duodenal hormone. c. Stimulate the gastric secretion. d. Inhibits the insulin secretion. Make it Easy 16 Physiology Dr Nageeb 105) Swallowing reflex is characterized by the following except: a. Its centre is present in pons. b. It involve closure of epiglottis. c. It is absent in general anesthesia. d. It involve transient apnea. 106) Gall bladder contraction is induced by: a-Only by CCK. b-Only by vagal activity. c-By certain sympathetic nerves. d- By both a and b 107) G.I.T is innervated from: a-Sympathetic division. b-Parasympathetic division. c-Enteric plexuses. d- All of the above. 108) The gall bladder performs the following functions except: a-Secretes bile of pH 7.8 b-Stores bile. c-Concentrates bile. d-Acidifies bile. 109) Presence of Hcl in the duodenum will: a. Increase alkaline pancreatic secretion. b. Increase gastric secretion. c. Increase gastric evacuation. d. Increase contraction of sphincter of Oddi. 110) All the following enzymes are present in saliva except: a-Kalikrein. b-ptyaline. c-trypsinogen. d-lysozyme. 111) The stomach is protected from being auto-digested by Hcl via all of the following except: a-Alkaline pancreatic juice. b-Good blood supply. c-Protective role of PGS. d-Gastric mucosal barrier. Make it Easy 17 Physiology Dr Nageeb 112) Of choleretics: a-CCK. b-MgSo4 c-Bile salts. d-All of the above. 113) Secretin hormone: a-Stimulates pancreatic secretion rich in enzymes. b-It is a cholagogue. c-Ca+2 is its Zed messenger. d-Stimulates Brunner glands in the duodenum to secrete mucus. 114) Auto-digestion of pancreas by its proteolytic enzymes is minimized by: a-Presence of pancreatic trypsin inhibitors. b-The enzymes are secreted as zymogen. c-a and b are corrected. d-Presence of undigested cellulose. 115) Repeated vomiting Leads to: a-dehydration. b-Hypokalemia. c-Alkalemia. d-All of the above 116) Which of the following has highest ph a. gastric juice b. pancreatic juice c. bile in gall bladder d. secretions of intestinal glands 117) Steatorrhoea may be caused by all factors except a. pancreatectomy b. gastrin secreting hormone c. resection of distal ileum d. hemolytic jaundice 118) Secretin is released by a. acid in duodenum b. acid in stomach c. cells in the liver d. distention of colon Make it Easy 18  Physiology Dr Nageeb 119) Defecation often follows breakfast. The cause of colonic contractions in this situation is a) gastro-ileal reflex, b) increased circulating levels of CCk. c) gastrocolic reflex. d) enterogastric reflex. Concerning basal metabolic rate (BMR), which of the following is most appropriate? A. Prolonged ingestion of protein decreases 13MR by about10%. It is equal 40 kcal/hr/m2 at age of 20 years C. It is higher 10% in hot temperature zone than in cold zone. D. Is markedly decreased in pregnancy. Regarding factors affecting food intake, which peptide decreases food intake? A. Gherlin. B. Neuropeptide Y. c. leptin D. Orexines. Make it Easy 19