PHSF112 Question Bank (2).pdf

Test Bank for Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 13th Edition by Marieb written by Tutor247 www.stuvia.com Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of t...

Test Bank for Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 13th Edition by Marieb written by Tutor247 www.stuvia.com Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 13e (Marieb) Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 1.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, identify the following: 1) Identify the cavity that houses the spinal cord. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: B Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Label E points to the ________ cavity. A) thoracic B) pelvic C) cranial D) abdominal Answer: D Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 1 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 3) Identify the cavity that houses the heart and lungs (and other organs). A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: C Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: D Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) Label F points to the ________ cavity. A) thoracic B) pelvic C) cranial D) abdominal Answer: B Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) Identify the cavity that houses the stomach, liver, and other digestive organs. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: E Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 7) Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things? A) Organ B) Tissue C) Cell D) Organ system Answer: C Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ________ system. A) lymphatic B) integumentary C) cardiovascular D) muscular Answer: C Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system. A) skeletal B) muscular C) endocrine D) reproductive Answer: B Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine. A) urinary; digestive B) cardiovascular; urinary C) digestive; urinary D) reproductive; digestive Answer: C Page Ref: 26, 29 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) The ability to sense a mosquito landing on your arm and swat it away is described as ________. A) metabolism B) homeostasis C) excretion D) responsiveness (irritability) Answer: D Page Ref: 29-30 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month? Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 12) What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending on the age of the individual? A) Water B) Carbon C) Carbohydrates D) Minerals Answer: A Page Ref: 31 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13) When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? A) Stimulus B) Effector C) Receptor D) Control center Answer: B Page Ref: 41 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) What type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop? A) Effector B) Receptor C) Control center D) Stimulus Answer: B Page Ref: 40 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________. A) to the side B) forward C) down D) behind Answer: B Page Ref: 33 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 16) The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________. A) metabolism B) homeostasis C) irritability D) output Answer: B Page Ref: 40 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 17) The acromial region is ________ to the antebrachial region. A) superior (proximal) B) inferior (distal) C) anterior D) posterior Answer: A Page Ref: 34, 35 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18) Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ________. A) wrist B) knee C) ankle D) elbow Answer: B Page Ref: 35 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19) The spinal cord is best described as A) lateral. B) proximal. C) ventral (anterior). D) medial. Answer: D Page Ref: 35 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20) The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the ________. A) pleural cavity B) mediastinum C) quadrant D) visceral cavity Answer: B Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 21) The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ________ region. A) hypogastric (pubic) B) right hypochondriac C) right lumbar D) left hypochondriac Answer: A Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22) A young child sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured? A) Ribs B) Vertebrae C) Hips D) Skull Answer: D Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 23) The diaphragm creates a ________ section by dividing the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions. A) transverse (cross) B) median C) midsagittal D) frontal (coronal) Answer: A Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 24) The hypogastric (pubic) region is ________ to the umbilical region. A) superior B) inferior C) posterior D) medial Answer: B Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 25) Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans. A) posterior B) dorsal C) anterior D) medial Answer: C Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 26) Select all of the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity that are medial. 1) right iliac (inguinal) region 2) epigastric region 3) hypogastric region 4) left lumbar region 5) left hypochondriac region A) 1, 4, and 5 B) 1, 3, and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 1, 2, 4, and 5 Answer: C Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 27) The navel is located in the ________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity. A) epigastric B) hypogastric C) umbilical D) right lumbar Answer: C Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 28) The two major internal body cavities are the ________ cavity and the ________ cavity. A) abdominopelvic; thoracic B) ventral; dorsal C) cranial; dorsal D) thoracic; ventral Answer: B Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 29) Which of these internal body cavities is the most inferior? A) Pelvic cavity B) Thoracic cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Cranial cavity Answer: A Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 7 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 30) The orbital cavities house the ________. A) mouth B) nose C) eyes D) ears Answer: C Page Ref: 40 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 31) Which body cavity can be further subdivided into quadrants and regions? A) Cranial B) Spinal C) Dorsal D) Abdominopelvic Answer: D Page Ref: 38-39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 32) To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ________ cavity. A) abdominal B) pelvic C) thoracic D) cranial Answer: C Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 33) The epigastric region is ________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity. A) medial B) superior C) dorsal D) lateral Answer: A Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, identify the following: 34) In which region is the stomach located? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: A Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 35) Which region is the umbilical region? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: C Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 36) Which region is lateral to the umbilical region? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: D Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 37) Which region is associated with the lower ribs? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: B Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 38) The hypogastric (pubic) region is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: E Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 39) Which region is situated inferior to the right lumbar region? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E F) Label F Answer: F Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 1.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions 1) The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________. A) anatomy B) physiology C) homeostasis D) negative feedback E) irritability Answer: A Page Ref: 23 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Which of the following activities represents a physiological study? A) Making a section through the kidney to observe its interior B) Examining the surface of a bone C) Viewing muscle tissue through a microscope D) Studying how the layers of the skin are organized E) Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood Answer: E Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others? A) Chemical level B) Tissue level C) Organ level D) Organ system level E) Cellular level Answer: D Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body? A) Organs B) Tissues C) Atoms D) Cells E) Organ systems Answer: C Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 5) The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________. A) skeletal muscles B) pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs C) bones, cartilages, and joints D) brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors E) heart and blood vessels Answer: C Page Ref: 25-26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) The main function of the respiratory system is to ________. A) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues B) produce sperm and eggs C) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide D) control body activities through hormones released into the blood E) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal Answer: C Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the ________. A) integumentary system B) skeletal system C) nervous system D) endocrine system E) digestive system Answer: D Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) The nervous system consists of ________. A) receptors and effectors B) muscles of the heart C) glands that produce hormones D) lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs E) bones, cartilages, and joints Answer: A Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 9) Which two organ systems include the pancreas? A) Digestive and endocrine systems B) Urinary and respiratory systems C) Reproductive and urinary systems D) Digestive and respiratory systems E) Endocrine and respiratory systems Answer: A Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues? A) Endocrine system B) Integumentary system C) Nervous system D) Lymphatic system E) Skeletal system Answer: B Page Ref: 25 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) What is the major function of the lymphatic system? A) Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system, so there is enough blood to circulate B) Deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones via the blood to the body's cells C) Eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the blood in the form of urine D) Break down food and deliver the nutrients to the blood E) Secrete hormones into the blood to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction Answer: A Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body? A) Digestive and urinary B) Cardiovascular and skeletal C) Muscular and skeletal D) Endocrine and nervous E) Cardiovascular and nervous Answer: A Page Ref: 26, 29 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 13) Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides? A) Integumentary system — movement B) Nervous system — excretion C) Muscular system — maintaining boundaries D) Nervous system — responsiveness E) Respiratory system — digestion Answer: D Page Ref: 29 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) Which of the following is not considered a nutrient? A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Water D) Minerals E) Vitamins Answer: C Page Ref: 31 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) Place these components of a homeostatic control system in the proper order. 1) effector 2) efferent pathway 3) receptor 4) control center 5) afferent pathway A) 1, 5, 4, 2, and 3 B) 3, 2, 4, 5, and 1 C) 3, 5, 2, 4, and 1 D) 3, 5, 4, 2, and 1 E) 5, 3, 4, 1, and 2 Answer: D Page Ref: 41 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 16) Blood calcium levels are maintained by a negative feedback homeostatic mechanism. When blood calcium levels rise beyond their set point, a hormone called calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels back to their set point. What role does the thyroid gland play in this mechanism? A) Control center B) Stimulus C) Effector D) Receptor E) Variable Answer: C Page Ref: 41 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 14 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 17) Milk production increases during breastfeeding when a newborn suckles from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism in which the stimulus pushes milk production farther from its original value best describes ________. A) negative feedback B) an abnormal physiological mechanism C) homeostatic imbalance D) positive feedback E) both negative and positive feedback Answer: D Page Ref: 42 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18) A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be ________. A) toward the head end of the body B) toward or at the front of the body C) away from the midline of the body D) close to the origin of a body part E) toward the midline of the body Answer: C Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19) When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? A) Proximal B) Medial C) Superior D) Distal E) Deep Answer: D Page Ref: 33-34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20) Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)? A) Superior and caudal B) Inferior and cranial C) Inferior and cephalic D) Anterior and ventral E) Anterior and dorsal Answer: D Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 21) Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose? A) Distal B) Posterior C) Inferior D) Anterior E) Lateral Answer: D Page Ref: 34-35 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22) A football player broke a bone in the tarsal region. This region is in the ________. A) calf B) thigh C) groin D) ankle E) wrist Answer: D Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 23) A weight lifter experiences nerve pain in his posterior elbow region. Which term best describes this body region? A) Carpal B) Olecranal C) Antecubital D) Antebrachial E) Popliteal Answer: B Page Ref: 35 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 24) In reference to the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions, which of the following statements is correct? A) The patellar region is superior to the popliteal region. B) The patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region. C) The patellar region is distal to the popliteal region. D) The patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region. E) The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region. Answer: E Page Ref: 34-35 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 25) Which body cavity subdivision is part of the dorsal cavity? A) Thoracic cavity B) Spinal cavity C) Nasal cavity D) Orbital cavity E) Abdominopelvic cavity Answer: B Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 26) The lungs and heart are situated in the ________ body cavity. A) dorsal B) spinal C) thoracic D) cranial E) abdominopelvic Answer: C Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 27) Which of these body regions is located on the posterior body surface? A) Antebrachial B) Umbilical C) Gluteal D) Pectoral E) Pubic Answer: C Page Ref: 36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 28) The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the ________. A) carpal region B) digital region C) antebrachial region D) brachial region E) axillary region Answer: B Page Ref: 36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 17 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 29) The dorsal body cavity houses the ________. A) urinary and reproductive organs B) heart and lungs C) digestive and reproductive organs D) tongue E) spinal cord and brain Answer: E Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 30) Place these body regions in order from superior (proximal) to inferior (distal): 1) coxal 2) tarsal 3) femoral 4) crural 5) patellar A) 1, 3, 4, 5, and 2 B) 1, 3, 5, 4, and 2 C) 1, 4, 3, 5, and 2 D) 2, 4, 5, 3, and 1 E) 2, 5, 4, 3, and 1 Answer: B Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 31) Which of these regions is not associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head? A) Buccal B) Oral C) Orbital D) Occipital E) Nasal Answer: D Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 32) A surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) ________. A) median (midsagittal) section B) frontal section C) transverse section D) horizontal section E) parasagittal section Answer: A Page Ref: 37 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 33) Which type of plane separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? A) Coronal B) Sagittal C) Dorsal D) Ventral E) Transverse (cross) Answer: E Page Ref: 37-38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 34) Which body cavity includes all others? A) Thoracic cavity B) Ventral cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Pelvic cavity E) Mediastinum Answer: B Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 35) A broken rib on the right side of the body would likely be felt in the A) right lumbar region. B) epigastric region. C) right hypochondriac region. D) right iliac (inguinal) region. E) hypogastric region. Answer: C Page Ref: 39-40 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 36) An X-ray indicates a fracture in the distal portion of the tibia bone. You understand the fracture to be on which part of the bone? A) The part of the bone farther from the attachment of the femur to the body B) The part of the bone closer to the attachment of the femur to the body C) The backside of the bone D) The part of the bone closer to the midline of the body E) The surface of the bone Answer: A Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 19 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 37) A patient in the emergency department complains of pain in her right upper quadrant (RUQ). What organ is least likely to be the cause for her pain? A) Liver B) Gallbladder C) Large intestine D) Urinary bladder E) Small intestine Answer: D Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 38) Considering the homeostatic control of body temperature when we become too hot, predict what would happen to body temperature if the effector was unable to perform its job. A) The body would no longer be able to detect changes in the environment. B) Changes in the environment would not cause a change in the set value for body temperature. C) The body would not be able to transport information to the control center. D) The body would not be able to reduce the effect of the stimulus. E) The body would not be able to transport information from the control center to the effector. Answer: D Page Ref: 41 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 39) A patient previously had abdominal surgery and has a scar from a transverse (cross) section. Now, he'll have another surgery that requires a parasagittal section, which will intersect the transverse section. What will his scars look like when his surgical incision heals? Assume this patient is in anatomical position. A) X B) T C) + D) Two parallel lines E) Y Answer: C Page Ref: 37-38 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 40) A patient with a brain injury shows no signs of being able to move any part of his body. What would you recommend to determine if his brain shows any signs of responsiveness (irritability)? A) Shine a light in his eyes to see if his pupils constrict B) Bring food in the room to see if the patient is hungry C) Check to see if your patient has a pulse D) Turn the lights off in the room to see if the patient can sleep E) Call the patient's relatives Answer: A Page Ref: 29-30 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 41) An outpatient is having a scan performed to check for lung cancer. The lung should be scanned 20 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material showing the lungs image in a left to right view. What type of plane do you recommend? A) Transverse (cross) plane B) Median (midsagittal) plane C) Frontal (coronal) plane D) Parasagittal plane E) Sagittal plane Answer: A Page Ref: 37-38 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 1.3 True/False Questions 1) Cells are the building blocks of all matter. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) The stomach is an example of an organ; therefore, it is made of different types of tissues. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) Glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems work together to ensure blood circulation to the body's cells is adequate. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) The digestive system is often called the excretory system for its role in removing nitrogen-containing wastes from the body. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 29 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 41 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 21 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 7) Survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 31 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 33 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) The regional term pedal refers to the foot. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) The tarsal region is proximal to the patellar region. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 34-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) The hypogastric (pubic) region is directly superior to the umbilical region. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 39 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13) The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 34, 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) Transverse or cross sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 1.4 Matching Questions Match the following: A) farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk B) away from the midline C) behind D) toward the midline E) external F) anterior G) above H) internal 1) Superior Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Dorsal Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) Lateral Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Deep Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding I) close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk 5) Distal Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) Medial Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) Superficial Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) Proximal Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 23 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 9) Ventral Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Answers: 1) G 2) C 3) B 4) H 5) A 6) D 7) E 8) I 9) F 24 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Match the following: A) thigh B) calf C) forearm D) arm E) curve of shoulder F) hip G) anterior leg H) groin I) armpit J) ankle 10) Axillary Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) Tarsal Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) Deltoid Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13) Antebrachial Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) Femoral Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) Sural Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16) Coxal Page Ref: 13-14 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 17) Inguinal Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 25 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 18) Brachial Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19) Crural Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Answers: 10) I 11) J 12) E 13) C 14) A 15) B 16) F 17) H 18) D 19) G 26 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Match the following organ systems with their functions: A) lymphatic system B) digestive system C) urinary system D) muscular system E) integumentary system F) endocrine system 20) Glands secrete hormones to regulate other structures Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 21) Breaks down food for distribution by blood to the body's cells Page Ref: 26, 29 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22) Movement of the body as a whole Page Ref: 25-26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 23) Removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and disposes of them in the urine Page Ref: 29 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 24) Picks up fluids leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 25) Excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature Page Ref: 25 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Answers: 20) F 21) B 22) D 23) C 24) A 25) E 27 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 1.5 Essay Questions 1) Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology. Answer: Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another. Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function. Structure (anatomy) determines what functions (physiology) can take place in the human body. Page Ref: 24 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) List, and briefly define, the human body's organization levels from smallest to largest. Answer: 1. Chemical level: a. atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. b. molecules are units formed by atoms combining. 2. Cellular level: Cells are the smallest living units in living organisms. 3. Tissue level: Tissues are groupings of cells performing a common function. 4. Organ level: An organ is a structure consisting of two or more tissue types. 5. Organ system level: An organ system describes a group of organs functioning cooperatively for a common purpose. 6. Organism level: A human organism consists of all of the organ systems of the body working together to promote healthy functioning (homeostasis). Page Ref: 24-25 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) Identify the organ system that bears the major responsibility for responsiveness, one of the necessary life functions, and briefly explain the system's role in the body. Answer: The nervous system bears the major responsibility for responsiveness (or irritability), the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then react to them. Nerve cells are highly irritable and can communicate rapidly via electrical and is thus the fast-acting control system of the body. This system responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. Page Ref: 26 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 28 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 4) List and explain the five survival needs of humans. Answer: 1. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins and minerals, which are taken in via the diet for energy and cell building. 2. Oxygen is required to release energy from food. 3. Water accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body weight and provides the basis for various body fluids. 4. Normal body temperature should be around 37°C or 98.6°F. When body temperature becomes too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because chemical reactions are affected. 5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure is the force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air; it is essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing. Page Ref: 29-31 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) A young child needs an X-ray to determine if she has fractured some bones in her arm. The X-ray should be taken with the arm in the lateral view. The radiology technologist makes an error and performs a frontal (coronal) view instead. Evaluate her error. Answer: There should be concern for this error as the lateral view is a side view of the elbow while the anterior view is a front view of the elbow. The lateral X-ray view may reveal certain structures or fractures not seen in an anterior view. The anterior view may not allow a fracture to be seen due to the positioning of the bones in the elbow joint. This positioning error could lead to a possible misdiagnosis. Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 6) Identify the two dorsal body cavities, and state their locations and the organs contained therein. Answer: 1. Cranial cavity—the superior posterior space inside the bony skull that houses the brain. 2. Spinal cavity—the inferior posterior space inside the bony vertebral column that houses the spinal cord. Page Ref: 38 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) You are preparing to give an injection to a patient in his deltoid region. Explain specifically where you will administer this injection. Answer: The deltoid region is a visible landmark on the anterior body surface. The injection will be administered into the area formed by the large deltoid muscle and the curve of the shoulder. Page Ref: 35-36 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 29 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 8) Explain how the roles of the receptor and effector differ in the negative feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis. Answer: In the negative feedback mechanism, the receptor is a type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes, called stimuli, in the environment. The receptor sends input information to a control center in the feedback loop. The control center analyzes the information it receives and determines an appropriate course of action. The effector provides the means for the control center's response (output) to the stimulus. The results of the response then feedback to influence the stimulus. Page Ref: 40-41 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example. Answer: The term distal means farther from the origin of a body part or point or the attachment of a limb to the trunk. The ankle is distal to the knee means the ankle is farther from the leg's attachment to the trunk than the knee. The term proximal means closer to the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk. The knee is proximal to the ankle means the knee is closer to the leg's attachment to the trunk than the ankle. Page Ref: 34 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) We sometimes hear stories of medical mistakes being made such an amputation of the left leg when the right leg was the intended limb. How should the use of anatomical position help medical professionals avoid these types of errors? Answer: Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, feet parallel, the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward. Anatomical position is used because it is a standard position; it also helps us to avoid confusion. Additionally, anatomical position is a reference point that helps us accurately describe body parts and position no matter the actual position the body happens to be in. Medical professionals should remember to look at the patient's own left and right sides–not their own–as that will help reduce errors in practice. Page Ref: 33 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 11) Explain homeostasis as it relates to the human body. Answer: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain relative stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing. Homeostasis is a dynamic state of equilibrium, or a balance in which internal conditions change and vary but always within relatively narrow limits. The body demonstrates homeostasis when its needs are being adequately met, and it is functioning smoothly. Page Ref: 40 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 30 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 12) Burn patients have difficulty in regulating their body temperatures, in part due to the loss of their protective covering. Given your knowledge of how homeostatic control systems operate, predict why burn patients may often be cold. Answer: Sensory receptors located in the skin alert us to what is happening at the body surface. While these receptors are situated in the integumentary system, they are part of the nervous system. Skin sensory receptors normally detect changes in temperature and send messages along an afferent pathway to the control center (central nervous system). When a person experiences burns, these sensory receptors can be damaged. They may no longer send messages to the control center about changes in temperature, such as when a person is too cold. As a result, the control center will not receive adequate input to alert effectors to warm the body when needed. As a result, the patient will be cold. Page Ref: 25-26, 40-41 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 31 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 13e (Marieb) Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry 2.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions Using Figure 2.1, identify the following: 1) Which letter represents a carbohydrate polymer? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: C Page Ref: 64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Letter D represents the structure of a(n) ________. A) monosaccharide B) amino acid C) triglyceride D) steroid Answer: C Page Ref: 66 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 1 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 3) Letter E represents a nucleic acid building block known as a ________. A) monosaccharide B) triglyceride C) saturated fat D) nucleotide Answer: D Page Ref: 74 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which letter represents a globular protein in its quaternary structure? A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: B Page Ref: 70, 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) Matter is best described as ________. A) having no mass B) the ability to put matter into motion C) anything that occupies space and has mass D) the ability to do work Answer: C Page Ref: 45 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) How would you classify chewing food, a type of movement that directly involves the use of energy to move matter? A) Radiant B) Mechanical C) Electrical D) Chemical Answer: B Page Ref: 46 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 7) Which of the following is not a subatomic particle associated with an atom? A) Neutron B) Electron C) Proton D) Ion Answer: D Page Ref: 47 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 8) Rank these elements found in the human body from most common to least common: 1) carbon 2) hydrogen 3) nitrogen 4) oxygen A) 1, 4, 3, 2 B) 4, 1, 2, 3 C) 4, 2, 1, 3 D) 3, 2, 1, 4 Answer: B Page Ref: 48 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ________ an atom contains. A) protons B) neutrons C) protons and neutrons D) neutrons and electrons Answer: A Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell. A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 8 Answer: B Page Ref: 50, 53 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 11) Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________. A) unequally between atoms B) between ions C) equally between atoms D) or transferred between atoms Answer: A Page Ref: 55 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 12) During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________. A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) monomers D) nucleic acids Answer: B Page Ref: 57, 58 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13) You have tested a chemical in the laboratory and determined it to be a proton donor. How would you classify this chemical? A) Base B) Acid C) Water D) Element Answer: B Page Ref: 61 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by water in cerebrospinal fluid. What purpose do you think this fluid serves in protecting these organs? A) Cushioning B) Chemical reactant C) Polarity D) High heat capacity Answer: A Page Ref: 60 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________. A) monosaccharides B) triglycerides C) steroids D) polysaccharides Answer: D Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16) The pH scale is based on ________. A) neutrons in solution B) electrons in solution C) hydrogen ion concentration in solution D) hydroxide ion concentration in solution Answer: C Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 17) Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms. A) peptide B) double C) triple D) monosaccharide Answer: B Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18) Which type of functional protein serves as a catalyst in the body's chemical reactions? A) Antibodies B) Transport proteins C) Hormones D) Enzymes Answer: D Page Ref: 72 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19) The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________. A) guanine B) cytosine C) leucine D) thymine Answer: D Page Ref: 74-75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20) Which of the following is found in a molecule of DNA but not in a molecule of RNA? A) Deoxyribose B) Ribose C) Adenine D) Cytosine Answer: A Page Ref: 73-75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 2.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions 1) Which of the following contains sodium? A) H2O B) NaCl C) N2 D) CH4 E) H2SO4 Answer: B Page Ref: 48 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Which of the following is common to all elements? A) Molecules B) Atoms C) Compounds D) Polymers E) Enzymes Answer: B Page Ref: 47 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of ________. A) radiant energy B) chemical energy C) electrical energy D) mechanical energy E) potential energy Answer: C Page Ref: 46 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound? A) Glucose B) Triglyceride C) Water D) Protein E) Steroid Answer: C Page Ref: 59 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 5) An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________. A) anion B) molecule C) isotope D) cation E) neutral atom Answer: D Page Ref: 53-54 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction? A) Increased temperature B) Large particle size C) Lack of catalysts D) Decreased temperature E) Few particles Answer: A Page Ref: 59 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of ________ contained in its nucleus. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) protons and electrons E) protons and neutrons Answer: E Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) The atomic number of sodium is 11 while the atomic mass number is 23. Which of the following is not true of an atom of sodium? A) 11 protons present in the atomic nucleus B) 11 valence electrons present in a neutral sodium atom C) 11 neutrons present in the atomic nucleus D) 11 electrons present in the orbitals E) 1 valence electron present in a neutral sodium atom Answer: C Page Ref: 50, 53 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 9) Which of the following elements is needed to make a functional hemoglobin molecule? A) Magnesium B) Iodine C) Iron D) Potassium E) Chlorine Answer: C Page Ref: 48, 61 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) The number of protons always equals the ________ in a neutral atom. A) atomic mass number B) number of electrons C) number of neutrons D) atomic weight E) number of valence shells Answer: B Page Ref: 48 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be ________. A) a cation B) an anion C) a neutral atom D) stable E) an ion Answer: D Page Ref: 54-55 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 12) An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________. A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 14 E) 20 Answer: D Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 8 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 13) Which of the following may be used in PET scans as biological tracers that can be followed through the body? A) Nucleic acids B) Proteins C) Electrons D) Ions E) Radioisotopes Answer: E Page Ref: 51-52 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) 12C and 13C are isotopes. Which of the following is true about these two isotopes? A) These isotopes have the same atomic mass number. B) These isotopes have the same number of particles in the atomic nucleus. C) These isotopes have the same number of neutrons. D) These isotopes are likely to form ionic bonds. E) These isotopes have the same atomic number. Answer: E Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) A molecule of methane, CH4, is known specifically as a(n) ________. A) compound B) radioisotope C) element D) atom E) anion Answer: A Page Ref: 52 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16) The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) isotopes E) ions Answer: C Page Ref: 53 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 17) What is the atomic number of the atom in Figure 2.2? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 12 Answer: D Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18) What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another? A) Ionic bond B) Hydrogen bond C) Carbon bond D) Polar covalent bond E) Nonpolar covalent bond Answer: A Page Ref: 53-54 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 19) The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by ________. A) decomposition reactions B) catabolic reactions C) hydrolysis reactions D) synthesis reactions E) neutralization reactions Answer: D Page Ref: 57-58 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20) In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units, ________. A) water molecules must be added to each bond B) water molecules must be removed from each bond C) carbon atoms must be added to each bond D) carbon atoms must be removed from each bond E) water molecules and carbon atoms must be removed from each bond Answer: A Page Ref: 64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 21) The reaction sucrose + water → glucose + fructose is an example of a(n) ________. A) double replacement reaction B) synthesis reaction C) hydrolysis reaction D) neutralization reaction E) anabolic reaction Answer: C Page Ref: 63-64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22) A chemist experiments on a molecule with the formula of C5H10O5. This compound is likely a(n) ________. A) protein B) triglyceride C) enzyme D) carbohydrate E) nucleotide Answer: D Page Ref: 64 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 11 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 23) Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ________. A) polarity B) denaturation of proteins C) enzyme structure D) nonpolar covalent bonding E) surface tension Answer: E Page Ref: 55, 57 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 24) Two chemicals were tested for pH in the laboratory. Solution A was found to be 10,000 times more acidic than solution B. If solution A was determined to be a pH of 6, what must have been the pH of solution B? A) pH 0 B) pH 2 C) pH 4 D) pH 8 E) pH 10 Answer: E Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 25) Blood is considered a weak base. Select the pH that best represents blood. A) pH 2.4 B) pH 4.6 C) pH 7.4 D) pH 10.3 E) pH 13.4 Answer: C Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 26) In the small intestine, acidic gastric juice entering from the stomach mixes with basic fluids from the pancreas. What type of reaction results from the interaction of these two chemicals? A) Decomposition reactions B) Neutralization reactions C) Anabolic reactions D) Hydrolysis reactions E) Catabolic reactions Answer: B Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 27) Which of the following carbohydrates would be the best choice for providing the fuel for ATP production? A) Fructose B) Glucose C) Sucrose D) Starch E) Glycogen Answer: B Page Ref: 64-65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 28) Which type of carbohydrate is insoluble in water? A) Sucrose B) Glucose C) Ribose D) Glycogen E) Fructose Answer: D Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 29) Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues? A) Ribose B) Cellulose C) Starch D) Glucose E) Glycogen Answer: E Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 30) Which of these lipids is more "heart healthy" due to the presence of double and triple bonds that cause the fat to stay liquid at room temperature? A) Saturated fats B) Triglyceride C) Trans fats D) Cholesterol E) Unsaturated fats Answer: E Page Ref: 65, 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 31) What are the two types of building blocks that form triglycerides (neutral fats)? A) Fatty acids and glycerol B) Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats C) Glucose and glycogen D) Amino acids and nucleic acids E) Nucleotides and nucleic acids Answer: A Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 32) Which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body? A) ATP is the storage form of glucose in the body. B) ATP is a modified RNA molecule used to store genetic information. C) ATP carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA. D) ATP functions as a catalyst to increase reaction rates. E) ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use. Answer: E Page Ref: 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 33) Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary? A) Adenine and guanine B) Guanine and uracil C) Thymine and guanine D) Cytosine and adenine E) Adenine and thymine Answer: E Page Ref: 75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 34) What structural level comes immediately after the creation of a beta-pleated sheet in proteins? A) Primary structure B) Tertiary structure C) Alpha-helix structure D) Quaternary structure E) Denaturation structure Answer: B Page Ref: 70-71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 35) Enzymes are ________. A) carbohydrates B) stable at high temperatures C) biological catalysts D) not reusable E) required in large amounts in order to be effective Answer: C Page Ref: 72 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 36) Keratin is a protein that provide toughness to skin and forms hair and nails. Due to its role in the body, it is best classified as ________. A) a globular protein B) an enzyme C) a triglyceride D) a structural protein E) a functional protein Answer: D Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 37) Which of these nucleic acids carries out the orders for protein synthesis? A) H2O B) ATP C) RNA D) DNA E) CH4 Answer: C Page Ref: 75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 38) Two or more polypeptide chains combine to form a complex protein structure called a ________. A) primary structure B) beta-pleated sheet C) secondary structure D) tertiary structure E) quaternary structure Answer: E Page Ref: 70 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 39) We often hear to protect our skin from the damaging ultraviolet radiation of the sun. In some cases, sun damage causes thymines next to each other bind instead of to their complementary base pairs. In which type of molecule would this damage be most problematic? A) DNA B) Messenger RNA C) ATP D) Transfer RNA E) Ribosomal RNA Answer: A Page Ref: 75 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 40) Cyanide prevents the formation of energy molecules in the human body and leads to death because cells are unable to make ________. A) glucose B) DNA C) messenger RNA D) ribosomal RNA E) ATP Answer: E Page Ref: 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 41) The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by ________. A) carbon bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) ionic bonds D) nonpolar covalent bonds E) polar covalent bonds Answer: B Page Ref: 74-75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 42) Which of the following statements about ATP is false? A) ATP drives the transport of certain solutes (e.g., amino acids) across cell membranes. B) ATP activates contractile proteins in muscle cells so that cells can shorten and perform mechanical work. C) ATP provides the energy needed to drive energy-absorbing chemical reactions. D) ATP is a modified nucleotide. E) The phosphate groups of ATP are attached by high-energy hydrogen bonds. Answer: E Page Ref: 76-77 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 43) An organic molecule that catalyzes sucrose into the monosaccharides glucose and fructose would be called ________. A) transfer RNA B) triglyceride C) an enzyme D) water E) a polypeptide Answer: C Page Ref: 71-72 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 44) The hydrolysis of a protein will produce ________. A) triglycerides B) nucleotides C) amino acids D) nucleic acids E) fatty acids Answer: C Page Ref: 63, 69 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 45) Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s). A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 18 Answer: B Page Ref: 53 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 46) Trans fats increase the risk of heart disease because they have been solidified by the addition of hydrogen atoms. Originally, trans fats were oils and classified as ________. A) steroids B) cholesterol C) unsaturated fats D) saturated fats E) polysaccharides Answer: C Page Ref: 67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 17 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 47) How do you know this figure illustrates an ionic bond? A) Electrons are shared equally between the atoms of the molecule. B) Electrons have been transferred from one atom to another. C) A weak bond is formed by the hydrogen atom. D) Electrons are shared unequally between the atoms of the molecule. E) The valence shells are stable due to electron sharing between valence shells. Answer: B Page Ref: 53, 55 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 48) What is the function of DNA? A) DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body. B) DNA serves as a form of chemical energy that all body cells can use. C) DNA serves as the most important fuel for body cells. D) DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA. E) DNA increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product. Answer: A Page Ref: 73-75 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 49) Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme? A) Hydrolase B) Cholesterol C) Triglyceride D) Cellulose E) ATP Answer: A Page Ref: 72 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 50) A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________. A) ATP B) an enzyme C) RNA D) DNA E) a triglyceride Answer: C Page Ref: 73 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 51) An enzyme helps add glucose molecules to a glycogen molecule when storing excess glucose. Assess the impact on the human body if this enzyme's active site is not able to fit with the molecules on which it acted. A) ATP production would decrease. B) Blood sugar would increase. C) Sucrose would break down into glucose. D) Proteins would only become alpha-helix structures. E) Fats would be converted into proteins. Answer: B Page Ref: 58, 65, 73 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 52) Gastric juices produced by the stomach are strongly acidic. Without the neutralizing effect of fluids from the pancreas, the stomach acids could be absorbed directly into the blood. What would be a likely outcome for blood pH if this happened? A) Blood pH would become more alkaline. B) Blood pH would become 6.9. C) Blood pH would become 8.5. D) Blood pH would increase. E) Blood pH would not change. Answer: B Page Ref: 62-63 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 19 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 53) While grocery shopping with an aunt with heart disease, Gina has the opportunity to influence her buying habits. She's considering the following products, and Gina is assisting by looking at the nutrition labels. Which of the following snacks should Gina prioritize as the best choice for her aunt's heart health? A) Cookie dough, which lists both trans fat and saturated fat as ingredients B) Baked chips, which lists some unsaturated fat and very little saturated fat as ingredients C) Cookies, which lists both saturated fat and unsaturated fat as major ingredients D) Potato chips, which lists trans fat as an ingredient E) Popcorn, which lists equal amounts of saturated and unsaturated fats as ingredients Answer: B Page Ref: 65, 67 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 2.3 True/False Questions 1) Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 46 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during chemical bonding are known as isotopes. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Inorganic compounds lack carbon and tend to be small, simple molecules. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 59 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) The four most common elements in the human body are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 48 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) Ionic bonds are responsible for the surface tension of water. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 55 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 7) Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 60 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 61 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) Electrolytes conduct electrical currents in solution. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 61 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) Neutralization reactions that occur between an acid and a base are a type of exchange reaction. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 58-62 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) At a pH of 7, the number of hydroxide ions exceeds the number of hydrogen ions. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) If dehydration synthesis of glucose into a polymer called glycogen cannot occur, then blood sugar will increase. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 63-65 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 13) Glucose and fructose both serve as fuel for cells to make ATP. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 64-65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) Both phospholipids and triglycerides are built from glycerol and three fatty acid chains. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 66-67 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 72 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 21 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 2.4 Matching Questions Match the following: A) proton B) neutron C) electron 1) Atomic number is based on the number of these subatomic particles in an atom of a particular element. Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Atoms share these subatomic particles when they combine to form molecules. Page Ref: 54 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) The atomic mass number does not include these subatomic particles in the calculation. Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Ionic bonds are formed when these subatomic particles are completely transferred from one atom to another atom. Page Ref: 53 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) Isotopes have the same numbers of protons and ________. Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) These subatomic particles carry a negative charge and are found in orbitals that surround the nucleus. Page Ref: 49 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) Ions have lost or gained these subatomic particles. Page Ref: 53 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) Along with protons, these subatomic particles are situated in the nucleus of an atom. Page Ref: 49 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Answers: 1) A 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) B 22 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Match the following: A) exchange reaction B) decomposition reaction C) synthesis reaction 9) Glycogen is broken down to release glucose subunits. Page Ref: 58 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) Amino acids join together to form proteins. Page Ref: 58 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) Bonds are both made and broken in these reactions. Page Ref: 58 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) Digestion of food Page Ref: 58 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) A 12) B 23 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Match the following: A) lipids B) fibrous proteins C) globular proteins D) nucleic acids E) carbohydrates 13) The simplest forms are known as monosaccharides. Page Ref: 64 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) DNA, RNA, and ATP are types. Page Ref: 73, 76 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) Triglycerides, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins are examples. Page Ref: 65 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16) Antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes are examples. Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 17) Collagen and keratin are types. Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18) Nucleotides are the building blocks for this organic compound group. Page Ref: 73 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19) Also known as functional proteins Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Answers: 13) E 14) D 15) A 16) C 17) B 18) D 19) C 24 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 2.5 Essay Questions 1) Describe the role of the electron in chemical bond formation. Answer: When the valence shell of an atom contains fewer than eight electrons, an atom will tend to gain, lose, or share electrons with other atoms to reach a stable state. As a result, chemical bonds such as covalent bonds or ionic bonds are formed. Page Ref: 53 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Differentiate between the method of determination of the atomic number and the atomic mass number. Answer: The atomic number is determined by the number of protons in that atom. The atomic mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus. Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 3) As a radiology technician, Kevin is tasked with a nuclear medicine diagnostic test for a thyroid patient. Small amounts of radioactive iodine isotopes, such as 123I or 131I, will be used. Why is iodine the preferred radioisotope for this patient? Explain why radioisotopes are used in tests such as this one. Answer: First, iodine is used by the body to make functional thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland will take up the radioactive iodine to be used in making this hormone. Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of heavier elements that tend to decompose to become more stable. Recall that isotopes are structural variations of an element that vary by their neutron number. Radioisotopes are used to tag biological molecules, so they can be followed or traced through the human body. Radioisotopes are valuable tools in medical diagnosis and treatment. Page Ref: 48, 51 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Your neighbor recently had a heart attack and is on a diet with reduced fats. His son, Dan, makes a trip to the grocery store and returns with a variety of foods. In making his purchases, he assumed that trans fats are the best options for heart health and that saturated fats are better for his dad than unsaturated fats. Assess Dan's ranking of these types of triglycerides. Answer: In fact, Dan has the ranking for these triglycerides in reverse order. The healthiest fats for the heart are unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats tend to be plant oils, have some double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, and may be liquid at room temperature. The presence of the double or triple bonds allows the fatty acid chains to kink. Saturated fats are less healthy because they tend to be animal fats, may be solid at room temperature, and have all single bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains. Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of hydrogen atoms at the sites of double carbon bonds. Trans fats raise the risk for heart disease by elevating "bad" cholesterol and lowering "good" cholesterol. Page Ref: 65, 67 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 25 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 5) When you soak dirty dishes in your sink, you allow water to break apart the bonds of the food stuck to your plates. Relate this process to the chemical reactions associated with organic compounds you learned in this chapter. Identify the type of reaction that happens in this situation, and explain how water accomplishes this goal. Answer: This type of reaction is known as a hydrolysis reaction. Hydrolysis reactions involve the breakdown of a more complex molecule, such as a polymer of food, into its building blocks, or monomers. Water molecules break apart the bonds of the food stuck to the plate much the way we find water molecules hydrolyzing or breaking apart polymers of organic compounds in the human body being separated into monomers. Page Ref: 63-64 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 6) Differentiate between the functions of RNA and DNA. Answer: DNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell. It replicates prior to cell division to ensure every body cell is identical. DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body. By contrast, RNA is mostly found outside the nucleus and carries out the instructions for generating proteins as dictated by DNA. Page Ref: 73, 75-76 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 7) Describe the difference between the roles of functional (globular) proteins and structural (fibrous) proteins. Answer: Structural proteins most often appear in the body structures, binding structures together or providing strength in tissues. Functional proteins perform jobs for the body. They serve in a variety of roles in the body from antibodies, enzymes, and hormones to transport proteins. Page Ref: 71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) Explain why a denatured protein no longer functions. Answer: Denaturation results when the three-dimensional shape of a protein is destroyed. The function of a protein depends on its structure. The presence of an active site on the surface of a protein that interacts with other molecules must be intact for the protein to work properly. Page Ref: 72 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) Discuss the organization of the pH scale, including the location of acids, bases, and neutral substances. Answer: The pH scale is based on the number of hydrogen ions in solution. The pH scale is constructed from zero to 14. Each sequential change of one pH unit represents a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration. Solutions with a pH lower than seven are considered acidic while solutions with a pH greater than seven are considered basic (alkaline). At a pH of seven, the solution is neutral since hydrogen ion concentration equals hydroxyl ion concentration. Page Ref: 62 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 26 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 10) Describe the four structural levels of proteins. Answer: 1. The primary structure of a protein resembles a string of beads in which the amino acids form the basis for the protein molecule. 2. A protein in its secondary structure may exist in a coiled alpha-helix or an accordion-like beta- pleated sheet. 3. Most proteins reach the more complex tertiary level of structure. The tertiary structure is achieved when the alpha-helical or beta-pleated region of the polypeptide chain folds in on itself to form a globular (ball-like) molecule. 4. The quaternary structure results when two polypeptide chains combine to form a complex protein. Page Ref: 70-71 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) Joey works in a lab on an organic compound with the formula of C6H12O6. Determine the type of organic compound, being as specific as possible, on which he works. Explain how you know. Answer: Joey is working with a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the same ratio as water (two hydrogens to every carbon and oxygen atom). To be specific, he is working with a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides contain between three and seven carbon atoms. Page Ref: 64 Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 12) Explain how potential energy differs from kinetic energy. Answer: When energy is doing work, it is referred to as kinetic energy. However, when energy is active or stored, we call it potential energy. Page Ref: 46 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13) Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Answer: Elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Each element is composed of very similar particles, or building blocks, called atoms. Because all elements are unique, the atoms of each element differ from those of all other elements. Page Ref: 47 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 27 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 14) An atom of the element Boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass number of 11. While reviewing for a test, your friend Addison determines this atom to have 5 protons, 6 electrons, and 5 neutrons. Evaluate her answers for accuracy. Answer: The atomic number of Boron is 5; the atomic number is equal to the number of protons. Addison is correct about the number of protons. However, the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons. Your friend incorrectly answered 6 electrons; the correct number is 5 electrons. Finally, the atomic mass number is 11. This number indicates the total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Since we know 5 of those 11 subatomic particles are protons, the remaining 6 subatomic particles will be neutrons. Addison incorrectly answered the number of neutrons. Page Ref: 50 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 15) We usually drink water with a pH close to 7. In the past several years, alkaline water has been popular among some consumers and advertised as being good for health. Upon drinking alkaline water, acidic stomach juices will neutralize alkaline water. Given what you know about neutralization reactions and the pH scale, evaluate alkaline water as a health tonic. Answer: Neutralization reactions are exchange reactions in which an acid (stomach acid) and a base (alkaline water) react with each other to form water and a salt. Since alkaline water is neutralized by stomach acids, it is likely this type of drink has little to no health benefit since it will not make it past the stomach. Page Ref: 62-63 Bloom's: 5: Evaluating 28 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 13e (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues 3.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions Using Figure 3.1, match the following: 1) The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: B Page Ref: 111 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 1 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 2) The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: E Page Ref: 119 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: D Page Ref: 112 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: A Page Ref: 111 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5) The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: C Page Ref: 119 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 6) Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________. A) nucleolus B) cytoplasm C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid Answer: B Page Ref: 83, 87 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________. A) organelles B) cilia C) flagella D) microvilli Answer: A Page Ref: 87 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) Which type of cell junction anchors cells together, so as to prevent the cells of cardiac muscle tissue from pulling apart due to mechanical stress as the heart beats? A) Tight junctions B) Gap junctions C) Desmosomes D) Cytoplasm Answer: C Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) A needle piercing through a plasma membrane would travel through ________. A) two layers of cholesterol embedded with carbohydrates B) one layer of phospholipids situated on a layer of cholesterol C) two layers of phospholipids embedded with proteins D) two layers of proteins embedded with some phospholipids Answer: D Page Ref: 84 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) Muscle cells need abundant ATP for muscle contractions. Which organelle must commonly be found in muscle cells to accommodate ATP production? A) Golgi apparatus B) Mitochondrion C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosome Answer: B Page Ref: 87 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 11) The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) microvilli Answer: B Page Ref: 85 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER. A) 1, 3, 2, 4 B) 4, 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 3, 4, 2 D) 4, 1, 3, 2 Answer: D Page Ref: 89 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13) The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) endocytosis C) solute pumping D) osmosis Answer: D Page Ref: 97-98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? A) Nucleus B) Cytoskeleton C) Plasma membrane D) Mitochondrion Answer: C Page Ref: 83, 96 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Downloaded by: razanabdullah | [email protected] Want to earn Distribution of this document is illegal $103 per month?  Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 15) What is required for filtration to occur? A) ATP B) Solute pumps C) Pressure gradient D) Protein carriers Answer: C Page Ref: 98 Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16) The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________. A) adenine; cytosine B) uracil; guanine C) thymine; guanine D) guanine; thymine Answer: C Page Ref: 103 Bl