America claims an empire.pdf

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ America Claims an Empire Section 1 Imperialism and America Terms and Names Queen...

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ America Claims an Empire Section 1 Imperialism and America Terms and Names Queen Liliuokalani The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests imperialism The practice of strong countries taking economic, political, and military power over weaker countries Alfred T. Mahan American imperialist and admiral who urged the United States to build up its navy and take colonies overseas William Seward Secretary of state under Presidents Lincoln and Johnson Pearl Harbor Naval port in Hawaii Sanford B. Dole American businessman who became president of the new government of Hawaii after the queen was pushed out Before You Read In the last section, you read about Woodrow Wilson. In this section, you will learn how economic activity led to political and military involvement overseas. As You Read Use a diagram to take notes on the causes of U.S. imperialism. AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM thirst for new markets, and a belief in the (Pages 342–344) superiority of American culture. Why did Americans support Admiral Alfred T. Mahan of the U.S. imperialism? Navy supported growing American naval In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii power so the U.S. could compete with gave up her throne. Hawaii was about to other nations. The U.S. built such modern be taken over by the United States. battleships as the Maine and the Oregon. By the 1880s, many American leaders The new ships made the U.S. the world’s thought the United States should establish largest naval power. colonies overseas. This idea was called By the late 1800s, technology had imperialism—the policy in which changed American farms and factories. stronger nations extend economic, They produced more than Americans political or military control over weaker could consume. So the U.S. needed territories. European countries had foreign trade. American businesses needed competed for territory all over the world. markets for their products and raw Most Americans gradually accepted the materials for their factories. idea of overseas expansion. The third root of American imperialism Three factors fueled American was a belief that the people of the United imperialism: desire for military strength, States were better than the people of other Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 140 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued countries. This racist belief came from In 1875, the United States agreed to people’s pride in their Anglo-Saxon import Hawaiian sugar duty-free. Over the (Northern European) heritage. People next 15 years, Hawaiian sugar production sometimes felt they had a duty to spread increased nine times. Then the McKinley their culture and Christian religion among Tariff caused a crisis for Hawaiian sugar other people. growers. With the duty on their sugar, 1. What were three reasons Americans Hawaiian growers faced stiff competition supported imperialism? from other growers. The powerful Hawaiian sugar growers called for the ______________________________ U.S. to annex Hawaii. The U.S. military had already understood the value of ______________________________ Hawaii. In 1887, the U.S. forced Hawaii to let it build a naval base at Pearl Harbor, THE UNITED STATES ACQUIRES Hawaii’s best port. ALASKA; THE UNITED STATES When the Hawaiian king died in 1891, TAKES HAWAII (Pages 344–345) his sister became queen. Queen How did the Hawaiian Islands Liliuokalani wanted a new constitution become a U.S. territory? that would give voting power back to William Seward was Secretary of State ordinary Hawaiians. American business for presidents Lincoln and Andrew interests did not want this to happen. Johnson. In 1867 he purchased Alaska American business groups organized a from Russia for $7.2 million. Some revolt against the queen. The U.S. opponents in Congress made fun of the ambassador John L. Stevens helped them. deal calling it “Seward’s Icebox” or The planters took control of the island. “Seward’s Folly.” They established a temporary government The Hawaiian Islands, in the Pacific and made American businessman Sanford Ocean, had been important to the United B. Dole the president. States since the 1790s. Merchants had Stevens urged the U.S. government to stopped there on their way to China and annex the Hawaiian Islands. President India. In the 1820s, American missionaries Grover Cleveland refused to take over the founded Christian schools and churches on islands unless a majority of Hawaiians the islands. favored that. In 1897, however, William A number of Americans had established McKinley became president. He favored sugar plantations in Hawaii. In the mid- annexation. In 1898, Hawaii became a 1800s, these large farms accounted for U.S. territory. about three-quarters of the wealth in the 2. How did Hawaiians lose control of islands. Plantation owners brought their islands? thousands of laborers to Hawaii from Japan, Portugal, and China. This _______________________________ weakened the influence of the native Hawaiians. By 1900, the foreign laborers _______________________________ outnumbered the Hawaiians three to one. Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 141 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued As you read this section, fill out the chart below by summarizing reasons why the United States became an imperial power. The Roots of American Imperialism 1. Economic roots 2. Political and military roots 3. Racist roots 4. What did Admiral Mahan urge the United States to do to protect its interests? For each year on the time line below, identify one important event in the history of U.S. involvement in Hawaii. U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1875 1887 1890 1891 1897 1898 Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 142 Guided Reading Workbook