دراسة العلاقة بين التيار والجهد المتردد (PDF)
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Summary
This document describes an experiment to study the relationship between current and alternating voltage in a coil, and to determine the self-inductance of the coil. The experiment involves connecting an alternating voltage to a coil with self-inductance (L) and internal resistance (R), measuring the current flowing through the coil, and plotting a graph between the voltage and current values. Then, calculate the self-inductance (L) using the graph slope and formula.
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اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ :دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﺧﻼل ﻣﻠﻒ وﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ: ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﺘﺮدد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺣﺜﮫ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ Lوﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮫ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ Rﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﺮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ: V V sin wt اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﯾﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ...
اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ :دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﺧﻼل ﻣﻠﻒ وﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ: ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﺘﺮدد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺣﺜﮫ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ Lوﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮫ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ Rﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﺮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ: V V sin wt اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﯾﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ طﻮر ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ 2 ) I I sin(wt ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ I V :ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد. وﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﯾﺴﺎوي: dI IR dT V L وﺣﯿﺚ أن ﻓﺮق زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ وﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ 90o 2 V o 2 I o 2 R 2 I o 2w 2 L 2 V R IoR V L Io wL واﻟﻤﻌﺎوﻗﺔ = Mﻣﺤﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة: R 2 W 2 L2 ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ: ٢٢ M V I R 2 W 2 L2 R 2 W 2 L2 V I ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ وأﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﺨﻂ: V I اﻟﻤﯿﻞ = R 2 W 2 L 2 ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة وﺗﺮدد اﻟﻤﺼﺪر :F W 2f ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ. ﺧطوات اﻟﻌﻣل: ﻧﺼﻞ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ: ~ A V ﻧﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻘﯿﻢ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد. ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﯿﺘﺮ. ﻧﻜﺮر ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﺘﺮ وﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻗﺮاءة اﻷﻣﯿﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة . ﻧﻜﻮن ﺟﺪول ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﯿﻢ I V V I ٢٣ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر. Vo Io ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ: اﻟﻤﯿﻞ = R 2 W 2 L2 F= 60 HZ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈھﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ. ٢٤