دراسة العلاقة بين التيار والجهد المتردد (PDF)

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ImprovingCrocus

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physics electrical engineering alternating current experiment

Summary

This document describes an experiment to study the relationship between current and alternating voltage in a coil, and to determine the self-inductance of the coil. The experiment involves connecting an alternating voltage to a coil with self-inductance (L) and internal resistance (R), measuring the current flowing through the coil, and plotting a graph between the voltage and current values. Then, calculate the self-inductance (L) using the graph slope and formula.

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‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﺧﻼل ﻣﻠﻒ وﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﺘﺮدد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺣﺜﮫ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ‪ L‬وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮫ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ‪ R‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﺮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪V  V sin wt‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﯾﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ...

‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﺧﻼل ﻣﻠﻒ وﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﺘﺮدد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺣﺜﮫ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ‪ L‬وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮫ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ‪ R‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﺮ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪V  V sin wt‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﯾﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ طﻮر ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫) ‪I  I  sin(wt  ‬‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‪ I  V  :‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر واﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﯾﺴﺎوي‪:‬‬ ‫‪dI‬‬ ‫‪ IR‬‬ ‫‪dT‬‬ ‫‪V L‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫وﺣﯿﺚ أن ﻓﺮق زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ وﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 90o‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪V o 2  I o 2 R 2  I o 2w 2 L 2‬‬ ‫‪V R  IoR‬‬ ‫‪V L  Io wL‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺎوﻗﺔ‪ = M‬ﻣﺤﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫‪R 2  W 2 L2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪M ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪V   I  R 2  W 2 L2‬‬ ‫‪R 2  W 2 L2‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ وأﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﺨﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻞ = ‪R 2  W 2 L 2‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة وﺗﺮدد اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ‪:F‬‬ ‫‪W  2f‬‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧطوات اﻟﻌﻣل‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻞ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻘﯿﻢ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﯿﺘﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮر ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﺘﺮ وﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻗﺮاءة اﻷﻣﯿﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻮن ﺟﺪول ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪I V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫‪Vo‬‬ ‫‪Io‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﺚ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﯿﻞ = ‪R 2  W 2 L2‬‬ ‫‪F= 60 HZ‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈھﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬

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