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1/ Which of the following is the most appropriate position of the ankle during the first phase of the gait cycle? O A. Neutral position O B. 5-degree dorsiflexion O C. 5-degree plantarflexion O D. 10-degree plantarflexion 2/ Which of the following muscles is an abductor of the shoulder joint an...

1/ Which of the following is the most appropriate position of the ankle during the first phase of the gait cycle? O A. Neutral position O B. 5-degree dorsiflexion O C. 5-degree plantarflexion O D. 10-degree plantarflexion 2/ Which of the following muscles is an abductor of the shoulder joint and responsible for the first 30° of shoulder abduction? O A. Teres minor O B. Teres major O C. Subscapularis O D. Supraspinatus 3/ During the joint motion, there are fundamental arthrokinematic movements that occur inside the joint. Which of the following describes the "roll" fundamental arthokinematic movements? O A. Multiple points on 1 articular surface contact single points on another surface O B. Multiple points on 1 articular surface contact multiple points on another surface O C. A single point on 1 articular surface contacts multiple points on another surface O D. A single point on 1 articular surface rotates on a single point on another surface 4/ Which of the following muscles lowest work when a therapist asks the patient to rise on the toes and push the body weight directly upward? O A. Soleus O B. Peroneus longus O C. Extensor halluces longus O D. Extensor digitorum longus 5/ During knee extension, there are fundamental arthokinematic movements that occur inside the joint. Which of the following describes the "glide/slide" fundamental arthokinematic movements? O A. Multiple points on 1 articular surface contact single points on another surface O B. Multiple points on 1 multiple points on another surface rticular surface contact O C. Single point on 1 articular surface contacts multiple points on another surface O D. Single point on 1 articular surface rotates on a single point on another surface *6/ If a straight line across the middle of the patella and a straight line going down through the center of the tibial tuberosity and another straight line going upward toward the anterior superior iliac spine is drawn, then an angle can be obtained (see image). Which of the following is the angle that will be obtained? O A. A O B. L O C.K O D.Q 7/ A 28-year-old man comes to the clinic with weakness in the left elbow muscles. The physical therapist decides to start the treatment plan by strengthening exercises of the elbow muscles and asks the patient to carry weight in hand and hold it without any movement in the elbow joint. What is the type of contraction at the elbow flexion muscles? O A. Isometric O B. Eccentric O C. Isokinetic O D. Concentric 8/ A 28-year-old man presents to the clinic a pain in his right hip before one month ago. The physical therapist applies a measurement of the ground reaction force of the hip joint. Where does the ground reaction force pass at heel strike during normal gait? O A. Lateral O B. Central O C. Anterior O D. Posterior 9/ Which of the following is the most likely cause of mechanical joint instability? O A. Mal-alignment O B. Muscle weakness O C. Ligamentous injury O D. Loss of proprioception 10/ A 36-year-old football player developed severe knee pain while playing. He was unable to move his leg. Examination revealed his knee had swelling and limited range of motion. There was a spring-like end feel to the joint. Which of the following is the most likely joint pathology? O A. Arthritis O B. Inflammation O C. Meniscal injury O D. Ligamentous injury 11/ While examining a patient's gait, the physical therapist observes muscle weakness in right side hip abductors and also shows lateral deviation of trunk as compensatory reaction. What is the compensatory gait the patient used? O A. Vaulting O B. Crouched O C. Scissoring O D. Trendelenburg 12/ A 43-year-old woman with walking dysfunction and inability to clear her foot from the ground during swing phase. The physical therapist assessed her gait and found the following in mid-swing: 25-degree hip flexion, 25-degree knee flexion, and 25-degree ankle planter- flexion. Where is the expected dysfunctional site that needs intervention? O A. Hip O B. Knee O C. Ankle O D. Spine and pelvic 13/ Which of the following muscles is responsible for wrist flexion and abduction? O A. Flexor carpi ulnaris O B. Flexor carpi radialis O C. Flexor digitorum profundus O D. Flexor digitorum superficialis 14/ Which of the following features is about Pacinian corpuscles? O A. Rapidly adapting O B. Change in muscle length O C. Change in muscle tension O D. Detection of acceleration and deceleration 15/ Absorption of calcium in the intestine depends on which of the following vitamins? O A. A O B. B O C. C O D. D *16/ A Image(s) Which of the following anatomical data is about the indicated muscle (see image)? O A. Supplied by the suprascapular nerve O B. Produces the last degree of shoulder abduction O C. The deltoid muscle supplied by the axillary nerve O D. Originated from the infraspinous fossa of scapula 17/ Which of the following is the source of nutrition of hyaline cartilage? O A. Synovial fluid O B. Haversian canals O C. Vessels from the periosteum O D. Nutrient arteries of the diaphysis 18/ Which of the following nerves is compressed in the tunnel of Guyon? O A. Ulnar O B. Radial O C. Median O D. Peroneal 19/ A 6-month-old baby boy is refered by a neurosurgeon for management. He has an adducted shoulder with a flaccid and intermally rotated arm and a pronated forearm. The boy's mother has gestational diabetes and difficult labor. Which of the following is the most likely brachial plexus injury? O A. Erb's palsy O B. Klumpke's palsy O C. Horner's syndrome O D. Brachial plexus syndrome 20/ A 60-year-old woman developed severe pain and restriction of the shoulder movements in all directions. She was diagnosed as a case of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint and prescribed an intra-articular steroid injection. Following the injection, she developed wasting at the injection site. How long, in weeks, will it take before recovery from the wasting? O A. 10 O B. 15 O C. 20 O D. 25 21/ A 60-year-old man sustained a fracture of the hip joint following a fall. He was given skeletal traction for conservative management of the fracture. He received regular physiotherapy to prevent muscle wasting and has started regular cyclic loading exercise plan. How long, in months, will it take him to regain normal muscle strength? O A. 4 O B. 5 O C. 6 O D. 7 22/ A 37-year-old man complained of weakness in his arm. 6 weeks ago, he fell off his motorbike and landed on his shoulder. Examination revealed wasting of the flexor surface of his arm and difficulty with elbow flexion, especially with a supinated elbow are noted. His shoulder, hand movements and elbow extension were normal. Which of the following nerves is most likely injured? O A. Ulnar O B. Radial O C. Median O D. Musculocutaneous *23/ The angle between the longitudinal axes of the femoral neck and shaft is about 126° in adults (see image). An abnormally large angle is known as which of the following? O A. Coxa valga O B. Genu varum O C. Genu valgum O D. Genu recurvatum 24/ A 39-year-old patient with lower limb problem, during the assessment, there is a weakness in the gastrocnemius muscle. Where is this muscle located? O A. Back of leg O B. Front of leg O C. Back of thigh OD. Front of thigh 25/ Which of the following nerve injuries is a condition in which degeneration of the axon takes place, but the sheath of the nerve remains intact? O A. Neuropathy O B. Neurapraxia O C. Axonotmesis O D. Neurotmesis 26/ A 51-year-old man comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic for assessment of right hip pain (lateral side) that started 2 weeks ago. Pain worsens when the physical therapist tests a muscle that abducts, flexes, internally rotates the hip. Which of the following muscles is the most likely cause of this pain? O A. Iliopsoas O B. Psoas minor O C. Psoas major O D. Tensor fascia latae 27/ A 41-year-old patient with posterior hip dislocation after trauma, during assessment, there is nerve damage associated with this injury. Which of the following nerves is affected? O A. Sciatic OB. Femoral OC. Superior gluteal O D. Inferior gluteal 28/ A 22-year-old patient with weak shoulder flexor. The physical therapist decided to give him some exercises to strengthen the shoulder flexor muscle in standing. Which of the followwing planes of motion is the most appropriate to do these exercises? O A. Frontal O B. Sagittal O C. Coronal O D. Transverse 29/ A 66-year-old patient complains of sensory changes due to a narrowed spinal canal as a result of degeneration. Which of the following postures is most likely recommended to increase the canal size? O A. 0-degree Flexion O B. 15-degree Flexion O C. 0-degree extension O D. 15-degree extension 30/ A 35-year-old woman with hip/pelvic dysfunction is referred to physical therapy. The physical therapist instructed the patient to do bridging exercise. What is the muscle group working most in bridging exercise? O A. Hip flexors and spine flexors O B. Hip flexors and spine extensors O C. Hip extensors and spine flexors O D. Hip extensors and spine extensors 31/ Which of the following is the primary aim of the physical therapy profession? O A. Primary O B. Tertiary O C. Secondary OD. Transitional 32/ A 26-year-old football player developed severe pain in his ankle following a twisting injury during a match. He was given ice fomentation and anti-inflammatory medications. He had little pain on rest. Physical examination revealed stress and palpation produce severe pain (see report). X-ray of the ankle: Unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely grade of the sprain? O A. 1 O B. 2 O C. 3 O D. 4 33/ Which of the following is the most useful orthopedic test to differentiate intra-articular and extra-articular injury? O A. Ober's O B. Gapping O C. Integrity O D. Quadrant 34/ Which of the following sites of fracture involving the humerus most likely causes radial nerve palsy? O A. Shaft O B. Head O C. Lower end O D. Surgical neck 35/ A physiotherapist receives a referral for a patient. The referring physician has outlined all clinical findings in the referral, one of which is "Hemiplegia". What does this term mean? O A. Loss of movement in all 4 mbs O B. Loss of movement in 1 side of the body O C. Loss of movement in both upper or lower limb O D. Loss of movement in both lower limb including trunk 36/ A 28-year-old professional weight lifter is undergoing a physical therapy examination following complaints of pain in the lower abdominal area and groin when lifting weights. A detailed examination by the physiotherapist reveals pain in the groin on coughing, resisted adduction sit-ups, and weight-bearing. What is the most likely cause of the problem? O A. Hamstring strain O B. Sportsman's hernia O C. Osteoarthritis of hip joint O D. Tightness in the hip flexors(iliopsoas) 37/ A 53-year-old patient is referred to the physical therapy for mobility training following a prolonged hospitalization. During the hospital stay, the patient was on corticosteroids for the management of the medical condition. Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of prolonged use of corticosteroids? O A. Myopathy O B. Depression O C. Osteoporosis O D. Decreased appetite 38/ A 37-year-old man referred to the Physical Therapy Clinic for back pain. The physical therapist needs to implement an intervention according to the prognosis. Which of the following refers to the term "prognosis"? O A. Predictable course of the condition O B. Determining the nature of the condition O C. Tests and measures findings related to the physical exam O D. Tests and measures findings related to medical history 39/ A physical therapist is searching for evidence to support the use of eccentric exercises to decrease the pain in the patient with tendinopathy. Which of the following study designs should be a priority during the search? O A. Cross-sectional O B. Prospective cohort O C. Quasi-experimental O D. Randomized control trial 40/ A 45-year-old school teacher with lower back pain. When evaluating the spinal X-ray, the physical therapist observes 75% of anterior displacement of L4 vertebra over L5 vertebra. What is the grade of the displacement? O A. 1 O B. 2 O C. 3 O D. 4 41/ A 48-year-old woman had pain in her right shoulder 3 weeks ago. During treatment, the therapist abducts the patient's arm away from the body passively, but the patient cannot maintain this position. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? O A. Frozen shoulder O B. Bankart Lesion O C. Rotator cuff rupture O D. Supraspinatus impingement 42/ A 67-year-old man has some difficulty reaching overhead and grooming his hair. The physical therapist decided to give him some exercises to help him achieve his goal of improving this. Which of the following aspects of the function according to the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) the PT is looking to improve? O A. Personal factors O B. Activity limitation O C. Physical Impairment O D. Participation restriction 43/ A therapist is treating a patient with an infected wound at the lower lumbar area, Which of the following heating modalities assists in destroying bacteria and fungi that are commonly found in wounds? O A. Short wave O B. Ultrasound O C. Ultraviolet ray O D. Low-level laser therapy 44/ Which of the following is the most appropriate characteristic of a beam of therapeutic ultrasonic waves from transducer? O A. Roughly cylindrical O B. Uniform intensities O C. More scattered in the far-field O D. Extreme irregular near the zone 45/ Which of the following results from changes to quartz in an ultraviolet apparatus? O A. Arsenium O B. Theraktin O C. Tridymite O D. Zirconate 46/ Which of the following is the most appropriate temperature range, in Celsius, for wax therapy? O A. 32-35 O B. 36-39 O C. 40-44 O D. 45-50 47/ A 29-year-old woman comes to the clinic after 1 month of right foot tendon transfer. The physical therapist decides to start with the faradic-type current for training a new muscle-action. What is the frequency of faradic-type current? O A. 50-100 Hz O B. 150-200 Hz O C. 250-300 Hz O D. 350-400 Hz 48/ A 40-year-old woman presented to the physical therapy clinic with hand pain. The physical therapist decides to use Paraffin wax for treatment. What happens to the hand after treatment? O A. Increases in pain O B. Stiffness of joints O C. Local hyperemia O D. Reflex vasoconstriction 49/ A 35-year-old patient presented to the Physical Therapy Clinic with elbow pain. The physical therapist decides to use ultrasonic therapy for treatment. Which of the following the therapist has to use to check the functionality of ultrasonic therapy? O A. Lamp O B. Water bath O C. Sound meter O D. Energy meter 50/ A 48-year-old patient with pelvic floor muscle weakness treated by physical therapy agent to increase muscle power. Which of the following physical therapy agents is used? O A. TENS O B. Infrared O C. Ultrasonic O D. Interferential 51/ A 58-year-old patient comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic with lower back pain and hypertension. The physical therapist decides to use heat modalities to reduce pain. What factor reduces blood pressure after treatment? O A. Increased blood viscosity O B. Generalized vasodilatation O C. Generalized vasoconstriction O D. Increased peripheral resistance 52/ A 33-year-old patient comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic with left shoulder pain. The physical therapist decides to use short-wave diathermy. What should the therapist use to ensure the short-wave diathermy is working? O A. Neon tube O B. Water bath O C. Sound meter O D. Energy meter 53/ Which type of laser is used by a physical therapist as its depth of penetration is sufficient to produce biological effect in the tissues? O A. Soft O B. Mid O C. Power O D. Deep 54/ A therapist is treating a patient with a strain at one of the deep muscles and wants to reduce pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate form of ultrasound that the therapist should use? O A. Pulsed 1 MHz O B. Pulsed 3 MHz O C. Pulsed 5 MHz O D. Non-pulsed 1 MHz 55/ Which of the following is the main contraindication to deep heat? O A. Pain O B. Metal OC. Spasticity O D. Contracture 56/ A therapist treats a patient who has an internal fixation of right humerus after a fracture. Which of the following modalities is most likely a contraindication for the patient? O A. Moist heat O B. Cryotherapy O C. Shortwave diathermy O D. Continuous ultrasound 57/ A 35-year-old man fell asleep with his arm on the side of a chair. In the morning, he observed absent sensation on the dorsum of the hand and an inability to extend the wrist. His nerve conduction studies and electromyography confirmed neurapraxia of the radial nerve in the arm. Which of the following is the most appropriate type of electrotherapy indicated for this condition? O A. Faradic current O B. Interrupted direct current O C. Electrical muscle stimulation O D. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation 58/ What is the mean age for a baby to develop the ability to hop on 1 foot while holding on, according to normal developmental milestones? O A. 36 months O B. 18 months O C. 24 months O D. 30 months 59/ What is the mean age for a baby in months to start developing the ability to walk upstairs? O A. 12 O B. 18 O C. 24 O D. 30 60/ Which of the following is the most common adverse effect of a prolapsed uterus? O A. Hernia O B. Dyspnea O C. Vaginal cancer O D. Abnormal pregnancy 61/ Which of the following scientific terms is most likely used to describe an involuntary movement response to the stimulus that serves to maintain normal alignment of the head and body in space? O A. Balance O B. Motor program O C. Postural control O D. Righting reaction 62/ A 68-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease with tremor at rest, slowness of movement and rigidity. Which area is most likely affected in the central nervous system? O A. Pons O B. Cerebellum O C. Basal ganglia O D. Medulla oblongata 63/ A 6-month-old patient with Erb's palsy, leading to loss of elbow flexion power and supination of the forearm, is being treated in the Physical Therapy Pediatric Clinic. Which nerve root is affected? O A. C3-C4 O B. C5-C6 O C. C7-C8 O D. T1-T2 64/ Which of the following is the most likely cause of back pain in pregnant women? O A. Stress O B. Weight gain O C. Muscle weakness O D. Ligamentous laxity 65/ A 50-year-old patient presents with hot flushes irritability, joint pain and lack of sleep. Which of the following is the most appropriate management? O A. Vitamins O B. Hysterectomy O C. Hormone replacement therapy O D. Oestrogen-progesterone preparation 66/ Which of the following is the most likely cause of posterior pelvic pain associated with prolonged sitting in pregnant women? O A. Muscular O B. Radicular O C. Sacroiliac OD. Disc prolapse 67/ Which of the following is used to describe the term "spastic diplegia"? O A. Paralysis of all limbs O B. Paralysis of 1 limb O C. Paralysis of 2 limbs O D. Paralysis of 3 limbs 68/ A 5-year-old patient with Erb's palsy has been referred to the Rehabilitation Centre. During the evaluation, the therapist recognizes it as Erb- Duchenne or upper arm paralysis. Which of the following is the most likely reason? O A. Cord O B. Lower trunk O C. Upper trunk O D. Brachial plexus division 69/ A 4-year-old child with spasticity treated in the Physical Therapy Pediatric Clinic, during spasticity assessment the therapist found there is a considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficulty. What is the grade of patient spasticity according to the Modified Ashworth scale? O A. 1 O B. 2 O C. 3 O D. 4 70/ Ehag for Bee Which of the following musculoskeletal problems is common during the third trimester? O A. Heel spur O B. Back pain O C. Hip arthritis O D. knee ligament injury 71/ Which of the following is the most appropriate exercise to maintain bone mass in the elderly population? O A. Aerobic O B. Aquatic O C. Stretching O D. Progressive resistance 72/ Which of the following durations, in months, is the time frame for the presence of an increased level of hormones post-partum? O A. 03-05 O B. 06-09 O C. 10-12 O D. 13-15 73/ A 23-year-old woman presented with incontinence. She developed the condition 3 months ago after childbirth. She experienced leakage when laughing or minor straining. Her urine routine examination and culture were unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate exercise management? O A. Perineal flexibility O B. Adductor flexibility O C. Pelvic floor training O D. Abdominal exercises 74/ An older adult with osteoarthritis presents for pain management and improved mobility. She complains of severe pain in both knees while climbing stairs and bending activities. Which of the following types of exercise is the most appropriate management? O A. Aquatic O B. Isokinetic O C. Close kinematic O D. Open kinematic chain 75/ A 70-year-old man complains of breathlessness on mild activity. He has mild knee pain, which is well-controlled with physiotherapy and paracetamol. Which of the following is the most appropriate management to increase his functional capacity? O A. Protein intake O B. Aerobic exercises O C. Vitamin supplements OD. Strengthening exercises ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Which of the following is the most appropriate description of the therapeutic exercises for timing, sequence and strength of muscles? OA. Mobility OB. Flexibility OC. Endurance OD. Coordination 2/ Which of the following training exercises is defined as overall lengthening of the muscle, as it develops tension and contracts to control motion against the resistance of an outside force (negative work)? OA. Eccentric OB. Isometric OC. Concentric OD. Open chain 3/ A 56-year-old man presents to the Physical Therapy clinic after removing a plaster cast, which is covering the right knee joint. During the assessment of the right knee joint by a physical therapist, a hypomobility has identified. Which of the following statements describes the hypomobility? OA. Joint mobility OB. Joint stiffness OC. Decrease mobility OD. Increase mobility 4/ What is the name of the PNF technique that involves voluntary relaxation, followed by passive or active assistive and mildly resisted movement of the agonist pattern? O A. Slow reversal hold OB. Rhythmic initiation OC.Repeated contraction OD. Rhythmic stabilization 5/ Which of the following features is most commonly associated with the term muscle performance, in addition to strength and power? OA. Flexibility OB. Endurance OC. Coordination OD. Neuromuscular control 6/ Which of the following scientific terms describes the condition of the slowness of thought processes and lack of concentration and attention? OA. Akinesia OB. Hypophonia OC. Bradykinesia OD. Bradyphrenia *7/ A 34-year-old patient with long-standing low back pain is referred to a Physiotherapy Clinic for treatment and management. Examination reveals skin sensory loss on the lateral aspect of the foot as shown (see image). The sensory loss is most likely due to the involvement of which of the following nerve roots? OA. L2 OB. L3 OC. L4 OD. S1 8/ After performing a complete muscle test for a patient with bilateral lower limb weakness, the therapist recorded that the patient has a poor grade of the left hip abductors. Which of the following can the patient do? OA. Not able to abduct the leg OB. Perform a complete range of abduction from a side-lying position OC. Perform a complete range of abduction from the supine position OD. Perform an incomplete range of abduction from the supine position *9/ Which of the following group of hip muscles is being stretched (see image)? OA. Flexors and abductors OB. Extensors and adductors OC. Extensors and internal rotators OD. Extensors and external rotators 10/ Which of the following is the most appropriate precaution during close kinematic chain training? OA. Avoid resistance to the distal tibia OB. Knees do not move posteriorly to the toes OC. Avoid extension of knee between 45° to 15° OD.Avoid strengthening of quadriceps between 60° to 90° 11/ Which of the following is the most appropriate technique to prevent injury during stretching exercises? OA. Slow speed OB. Linear force OC. Reduced force OD. Low repetitions 12/ Why is it recommended for a patient with controlled diabetes to practice exercise training and walking? OA. Decrease insulin secretion OB. Increase patient tolerance OC. Increase metabolism of insulin OD. Increase glucose uptake by the muscles 13/ A 62-year-old patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis and has no fractures. For the last month, the patient started feeling increased mid and low back pain while breathing and during other functional movements. Which of the following are the most appropriate exercises for this patient? O A. Trunk flexion and rotation OB. Trunk flexion and extension OC. Trunk rotation and abdominal stabilization OD. Trunk extension and abdominal stabilization 14/ A 61-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis has been advised hydrotherapy for cardiovascular fitness. Which of the following is the most appropriate target reduced heart rate in beats/minute for monitoring exercise intensity? OA. 07-20 OB. 21-34 OC. 35-50 OD. 51-63 15/ A 40-year-old woman is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient complains of severe pain in her right shoulder. She is referred to the Physical Therapy Department for pain management from the Rheumatology Clinic. Which of the following is the most appropriate management regarding grades of mobilization? OA. Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations are performed with in the range OB. Small amplitude rhythmic oscillations are performed at the beginning of the range OC. Small amplitude rhythmic oscillations are performed at the limit of available motion. OD. Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations are performed up to limit of the available motion 16/ A 55-year-old patient with a cardiac problem and used artificial pacemaker to regulate the heartbeat instead of the sinus node, which is the heart's natural pacemaker. Where is the sinus node located in the heart? O A. Left atrium OB. Right atrium OC. Left ventricle OD. Right ventricle 17/ Which of the following is the main benefit of adaptation in aerobic exercise? OA. Decreases mental stress OB. Decreases hypercholesterolemia OC. Enhances neuromuscular coordination OD. Increases efficiency of cardiovascular system 18/ A 56-year-old patient with an ejection fraction of 38%. Blood pressure 110/80 mmHg 69 /min Heart rate Which of the following is indicated by the clinical characteristics? OA. Left heart failure OB. Right heart failure OC. Myocardial infarction OD. Coronary artery insufficiency 19/ A 64-year-old patient presented with heart valves disorders, there was a blood return from the right ventricle back to the right atrium. Which of the following valves is most likely responsible for prevention? OA. Mitral OB. Aortic OC. Tricuspid OD. Pulmonary 20/ Which of the following is the most likely cause of loss of consciousness following an electric shock? OA. Pain OB. Fright OC. Low heart rate OD. Low blood pressure 21/ Which of the following scientific terms is defined as chronic inflammation of the innermost layer of the arteries? OA. Aneurysm OB. Angina pectoris OC. Atherosclerosis OD. Deep arterial thrombosis 22/ Which of the following is the most likely cause of cardiac arrest following an electric shock? OA. Fright OB. Low heart rate OC. Low blood pressure OD. Ventricular fibrillation 23/ A therapist is evaluating a patient with chronic emphysema and mention in the file that the patient is showing a barrel-shape chest deformity. On which of the following, the therapist based this comment? OA. Depression of the ribs OB. Widening of the intercostal spaces OC. Narrowing of the intercostal spaces OD. Decreasing the anterior diameter of the chest 24/ Which of the following is most likely to develop during exercise? OA. Larger lung volume OB. Larger diffusion capacities OC. Tidal volume within normal OD. Maximum minute ventilation 25/ A patient with Buerger's disease has been referred to a physical therapist to assist in reducing leg pain. Which of the following goals of treatment should be planned? OA. Improving venous return OB. Establishing collateral circulation OC. Increasing strength of the calf muscles OD. Reducing muscle spasm to reduce pain 26/ A 60-year-old man underwent cardiac surgery yesterday. His SpO2, is currently 84, and crackles are heard on breathing. Which of the following is the most appropriate mouth position to perform forced expiration? OA. Any OB. Open OC. Close OD. Alternate 27/ A 66-year-old man presented with dyspnoea and chronic fatigue. He was being managed with oral steroids and an inhaler for his asthma. Physical examination revealed reduced left lower chest movement. Chest physiotherapy has been recommended. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to improve chest wall mobility? OA. Purse lipped breathing OB. Lateral basal expansion OC. Deep breathing exercises OD. Posterior basal expansion 28/ Which of the following is the main cause of adductor tendinopathy in sportsmen? OA. Neuropathies OB. Overuse injury OC. Muscular weakness OD. Congenital hip deformity 29/ A 21-year-old football player complains of right ankle pain after an ankle sprain. What is the type of sports injury accounts for most sprained ankles? OA. Eversion OB. Inversion OC. Dorsiflexion OD. Dorsiflexion and Inversion 30/ A 20-year-old athlete is complaining that his knee locks, and he has to move it around to unlock it. Which of the following is th e most likely cause for his knee lock? OA. Torn meniscus OB. Chondral Lesion OC. Patellar Subluxation OD. Quadriceps Tendonitis 31/ A 24-year-old runner complained of sudden onset of pain in the calf. Upon examination by the physical therapist at the same time of injury, calf muscles appeared to be intact, as did the hamstrings. The knee was stable, and no tenderness was present over the knee ligaments. The therapist advised the patient to get some rest, after 2 days of rest, the symptoms disappeared, and the patient has been able to run pain-free for the last year. Which of the following is the most likely injury? OA. Shin splints OB. Achilles tendonitis OC. Rupture of plantaris muscle OD. Rupture of the deep portion of soleus muscle 32/ A 26-year-old athlete twists a knee during a practice session. During the assessment, the physiotherapist performs the Lachman test to check the stability of which of the following? OA. Anterior cruciate ligament OB. Lateral collateral ligament OC. Medial collateral ligament OD. Posterior cruciate ligament 33/ Which of the following strains on the knee causes tears of the meniscus? OA. Adduction OB. Abduction OC. Hyperextension OD. Combined flexion and rotation 34/ An athlete developed recurrent ankle sprain following a twisting injury to the ankle. Loss of which of the following is the most likely cause? OA. Sensation OB. Proprioception OC. Muscle strength OD. Ligament stretch 35/ A 28-year-old basketball player underwent knee injury a few days ago and referred to the Rehabilitation Clinic for assessment. The therapist performs a test in the supine position. The knee joint is held in 90-degree flexion by 1 hand, and the foot is held by the other hand and rotates the leg medially and laterally. Which of the following describes this particular test? OA. Ober OB. Faber OC. Lachman OD. McMurray 36/ Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion to initiate an active range of motion in injury? OA. Analgesia OB. Stable joint OC. Non-constant pain OD. Absence of swelling 37/ Which of the following is the most appropriate on the third postoperative day after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? OA. Stationary cycle, close chain exercise, elliptical trainer OB. Close chain exercises, balance board, full weight-bearing OC. Isometric exercise, partial weight-bearing, ankle pumping OD. Patellar mobilization, open chain exercises, balance training 38/ Which of the following is the main rehabilitation goal for medial collateral ligament in the minimum protection phase? OA. Decrease pain OB. Normalize gait OC. Range of motion OD. Increase strength 39/ A 19-year-old tennis player had severe training for several hours for the past 2 weeks. He describes continuous pain over the lateral epicondyle and common extensor origin and subsides with rest. Which muscle-strengthening exercise is the most appropriate to be prescribed? OA. Wrist flexor OB. Wrist extensor OC. Shoulder flexor OD. Shoulder extensor 40/ A cerebral embolism can cause serious cerebrovascular accidents. Which of the following is the main site of origin for cerebral emboli? OA. Lungs OB. Heart OC. Superficial leg veins OD. Cervical lymphatic system 41/ A 9-year-old patient with cerebral palsy was referred to physical therapy for assessment and treatment. The referral note describes the patient as having severe torticollis to the left side. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this torticollis? OA. Left sternocleidomastoid muscle weakness OB. Left sternocleidomastoid muscle shortening OC. Right sternocleidomastoid muscle weakness OD. Right sternocleidomastoid muscle shortening 42/ A 28-year-old woman complained of progressive worsening of physical functions and was diagnosed by her physician with multiple sclerosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate regarding the immediate referral to physical therapy? OA. Recommended to avoid complications related to inactivity OB. Delay physical therapy to avoid progression of the symptoms OC. Delay physical therapy to avoid complications related to inactivity OD. Recommended to avoid progression of the central nervous system (CNS) impairments 43/ A 45-year-old patient was complaining of tingling sensation and numbness on his 1st 2nd and the radial half of the 3rd finger of his right hand. Examination showed that his right-hand grip strength was weak compared to his left hand. No other symptoms were reported. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the symptoms? OA. Wrist arthritis OB. Cervical radiculopathy OC. Carpal tunnel syndrome OD. Ulnar nerve entrapment 44/ A 50-year-old suffering from a stroke was referred to a Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Center. The treating physical therapist found that the patient is having visual disturbance, contralateral homonymous field defect, memory disturbance, and contralateral sensory loss. Which of the following cerebral arteries is most likely affected? OA. Middle OB. Lateral OC. Anterior OD. Posterior 45/ A therapist is evaluating the range of motion of a patient diagnosed as having Parkinson's disease finds a smooth, uniform resistance to passive movement. Which of the following is the scientific term used to describe the condition? OA. Mutism OB. Spasticity OC. Lead pipe rigidity OD. Cogwheel rigidity 46/ Which of the following neurological conditions is associated with orofacial dysfunction? OA. Paraplegia OB. Parkinsonism OC. Diabetic neuropathy OD. Spinal cord lesion at the cervical area 47/ During the physical evaluation of a hemiplegic patient, the therapist determines that the patient is unable to recognize the weight of any object. What is the scientific term for this condition? OA. Allesthesia OB. Barognosis OC. Astereognosis OD. Prosopagnosia 48/ When evaluating a patient with an upper motor neuron lesion, the therapist reads the scientific term "rigidity" written in the patient's file. What does this term mean? OA. Muscle stiffness OB. Decreased volume of speech OC. Involuntary oscillation of the body OD. Movements that are reduced in speed, amplitude, and range 49/ A therapist is evaluating a patient with an upper motor neuron lesion. During the assessment, the therapist finds that the patient has a postural tremor associated with the slowness of the movements. Which of the following neurological disorders does this patient most likely have? OA. Stroke OB. Multiple sclerosis OC. Parkinson's disease OD. Motor neuron disease 50/ A 12-year-old patient is diagnosed as having facial palsy. During the physical assessment, the therapist detected that the patient was unable to look horizontally toward the right side. In which of the following muscles, the patient has a weakness? O A. Lateral rectus OB. Medial rectus OC. Inferior oblique OD. Superior oblique 51/ A 45-year-old patient with chronic neck pain, during the neurological examination, the physiotherapist finds a dull response of the triceps reflex. What does this reflex give information about spinal levels? OA. C1-C3 OB. C3-C4 OC. C4-C5 OD. C6-C8 52/ A 59-year-old patient comes to the Physical Therapy Clinic with left hemiplegia. The physical therapist decides to do positioning for a spastic lower limb in the antispastic pattern. Which of the following positioning does the therapist have to refrain from? OA. Hip, knee and ankle flexion OB. Protraction of hip with inward rotation OC. Retraction of hip without inward rotation OD. Elongation of the trunk on the affected side 53/ A 57-year-old patient diagnosed as reflex sympathetic dystrophy and referred to the Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinic. Which of the following is the most important line of treatment? OA. Skincare to prevent trophic ulcer OB. Vigorous mobilization of stiff joints OC. Interruption of the sympathetic reflex arc OD. Strengthening of the hand muscle to preventing wasting 54/ A 45-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease has been referred for physical therapy and mobility exercise. Which of the following exercise programs is the best for this patient? OA. Isometric exercise training OB. Strengthening of both flexors and extensors OC. Strengthening of the weak elongated extensors and stretching of the rigid flexors OD. Strengthening of the weak elongated flexors and stretching of the rigid extensors 55/ A 65-year-old patient who suffered a stroke has been referred to rehabilitation with a request to improve stability. Which therapeutic technique should be selected to improve the patient's stability? OA. Slow reversal hold OB. Rhythmic initiation OC. Placing and holding OD. Alternating isometrics 56/ A 35-year-old patient with drop foot due to S1-S2 injury referred to the Rehabilitation Clinic; the therapist needs to improve foot clearance during gait training. What is the proper intervention to improve gait pattern? OA. Ankle foot orthosis OB. Ankle pump exercise OC. Proprioceptive exercise OD. Knee ankle-foot orthosis 57/ A 48-year-old patient with epilepsy was referred to the Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinic with Dupuytren's contracture for treatment. Which splint is used to prevent this contracture? OA. Knee OB. Hand OC. Elbow OD. Ankle 58/ Which of the following is another name of tuberculosis of the spine? OA. Still's disease OB. Pott's disease OC. Little's disease OD. Legg-Calvé Perthes disease 59/ A 22-year-old patient was referred to the Physical Therapy Clinic for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction rehabilitation. MMT of knee extension showed that the patient was able to extend his knee against minimal resistance for the full range of motion but not against maximal resistance. What is the appropriate Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) grade for this knee extension? OA. Grade 2 OB. Grade 3 OC. Grade 4 OD. Grade 5 60/ Which area is affected by Volkmann's contracture? OA. Affects the palmar fascia OB. Follows ulnar nerve palsy OC. Affects the forearm flexor muscles OD. Scars the skin of the axilla and upper arm 61/ A 63-year-old patient with lower back pain that started a year ago was referred to the Physical Therapy Clinic for assessment and treatment. The therapist found tightness of a group of muscles that predisposes to the development of the pain. Which of the following is the most likely group of muscles? OA. Quadriceps OB. Hamstrings OC. Gastrocnemius OD. Tibialis anterior 62/ A 27-year-old man presents to the Physical Therapy Department with pain and swelling (see report). X-ray: Burst fracture. Which of the following is the most likely affected area? OA. Talus OB. Scaphoid OC. Vertebral OD. Femoral head 63/ A 27-year-old man presents to the Physical Therapy Department with pain, redness and fever on the leg. He has been diagnosed with osteomyelitis (see report). X-ray: Brodies abscess. Which is the following is the most likely form of osteomyelitis? OA. Acute OB. Chronic OC. Subacute OD. Tubercular *64/ Hip fractures are classified according to their location (see image). Which of the following is the name given to the fracture site labeled as “4" in the figure? OA. Subcapital OB. Basicervical OC. Subtrochanteric OD. Intertrochanteric 65/ What does the tightness of the low back muscle produce? OA. Lateral pelvic tilt and scoliosis OB. Anterior tilt of the pelvis and lordosis OC. Posterior tilt of the pelvis and lordosis OD. Anterior tilt of the pelvis and kyphosis *66/ Which of the following orthopedic tests is suitable for evaluating the weakness of hip abductors (see image)? OA. Ober OB. Thomas OC. Lachman OD. Trendelenburg 67/ A patient has been referred to a therapist complaining of neck pain, nerve root compression, sensation changes over the middle finger and weakness of triceps. What is the nerve root that is compressed? OA. C6 OB. C7 OC. C5 OD. C3 68/ A 31-year-old patient is undergoing physical therapy examination following complaints of pain in the right buttock and thigh area. The physiotherapist finds a local tenderness at the ischial tuberosity and pain on resisted knee flexion. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? OA. Hamstring strain OB. Sportsman's hernia OC. Tightness in the hip flexors OD. Osteoarthritis of the hip joint *69/ A 34-year-old man with long-standing low back pain is referred to a Physiotherapy Clinic for pain management. Physical examination reveals sensory loss on the dorsal aspect of the foot as shown in the figure (see image). Which of the following spinal levels is involved? OA. L2 OB. L3 OC. L5 OD. S1 70/ A 32-year-old patient with a chronic shoulder pain. Examination reveals excessive internal rotation of the shoulders and winging of the scapula during overhead motion. Which of the following is the best approach for helping this patient? OA. Strengthening of the rhomboids and stretching of the upper trapezius OB. Strengthening of the pectoral muscles and the upper trapezius muscles OC. Stretching of the upper trapezius and strengthening the middle and lower trapezius OD. Stretching of pectoral muscles and strengthening the middle and lower trapezius 71/ A Milwaukee brace is used for the management of which of the following? OA. Scoliosis OB. Tennis elbow OC. Sacroiliac strain OD. Phantom pain after above-knee amputation 72/ A patient with cystic fibrosis has a great amount of secretion at the lingula. What is the ideal position that the therapist should put the patient in to drain this secretion? OA. Prone OB. Supine OC. Semi-lying OD. Side-lying on the right side 73/ A 58-year-old woman presented with severe hip pain. She has been taking steroids for her dermatomyositis. A CT scan hip confirmed avascular necrosis of femoral neck with an impacted fracture. There is a 2 cm leg-length discrepancy. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention to reduce hip pain? OA. Shoe raise OB. Walking stick OC. Shortwave diathermy OD. Modified seating system 74/ A 67-year-old patient with lower back pain referred to the Physical Therapy Clinic for assessment and treatment. The therapist decided to start with the 1st performance of the pelvic tilt exercise. Which of the following positions was performed? OA. Sitting OB. Standing OC. Lying supine on a firm surface OD. Lying supine on a soft surface 75/ A 33-year-old patient with a reconstruction of massive tear of the rotator cuff. The Physical Therapist decided to initiate the full active shoulder flexion. Which of the following is the most appropriate prescribed time in weeks to initiate the movement? OA. 1 OB. 2 OC. 3 OD. 6 (6) (16) (23) (7) (69)  (64) (9) (66)