Digital Tools in the AEC Industry (Cairo University INTS005 Fall 2024) PDF

Cairo University Faculty of Engineering INTS005 Fall -2024 Information Technology BY, Dr. Ahmed M.Saeed Lectures Contents DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY What is the AEC ? Shift between Conventional Tools and Digit...

Cairo University Faculty of Engineering INTS005 Fall -2024 Information Technology BY, Dr. Ahmed M.Saeed Lectures Contents DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY What is the AEC ? Shift between Conventional Tools and Digital tools Digital transformation in the construction industry Digital tools & technologies What are digital tools & how is implemented Parametric design DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY What is the AEC? Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry The sector of the construction industry that provides the services on the architectural design, engineering design and construction services. It is a sector which is very active in the adoption of Information, Communication and Technology. This is also a sector which is very active in the international arena.  AEC is one of the least digitalized sector It’s a well-known fact now that construction is one of the least digitized industries. Spending on research & development in the construction field equates to less than 1% of revenue, versus 3.5% to 4.5% for the auto and aerospace sectors, so new technologies like CAD & BIM will be needed. BEFORE CAD TECHNOLOGY Manual Drawings  CAD TECHNOLOGY CAD, computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), is a technology for design and technical documentation, which replaces manual drafting with an automated process. If you’re a designer, drafter, architect, or engineer, you’ve probably used 2D or 3D CAD programs such as AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT software. These widely used software programs can help you draft construction documentation, explore design ideas, visualize concepts through photorealistic renderings, and simulate how a design performs in the real world.  BIM TECHNOLOGY Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of places. BIM is supported by various tools, technologies, and contracts. Building information models (BIMs) are computer files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) that can be extracted, exchanged or networked to support decision-making regarding a built asset. BIM DIMENSIONS History of BIM DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Why the shift between Convention Tools and Digital tools is needed? DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY What is the AEC? DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 1- Prefabrication & Modular Construction Modular Construction Prefabricated Structures DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 1- Prefabrication & Modular Construction Prefabricated units of Carmel Place in NY Al Hadarat Bridge project in Cairo DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 2- Advanced Building Materials Material type: Concrete Glass Metal Brick Wood Fiberglass Painting Application: Insulation Flooring Roofing Walls Outdoor (Building) Indoor (Interior) Landscape DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 3- 3d printing and additive manufacturing DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 4- autonomous construction Auto- wheel loader Drilling robot Drones Auto- painting robot DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 4- autonomous construction Robot Brickwork DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 5- Augmented Reality and Visualization DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 6- big data and predictive analytics DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 7- wireless monitoring and connected equipment Wireless sensors in construction DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 8- Cloud and real time collaboration DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 9- 3d scanning and photogrammetry DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 9- 3d scanning and photogrammetry - Drones DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 10- Building Information Model DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 10- Building Information Model DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 10- Building Information Model DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY Digital transformation in the construction industry 10- Building Information Model Trimble XR10 - Hololens2 - YouTube DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY WHAT ARE DIGITAL TOOLS & HOW IS IMPLEMENTED AR & VR. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Building Information Modeling (BIM) Digital Twin. Generative Design. 3D Printing 3D Scanning DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY What are the AEC industry trends in 2023? Digital Twins and Connected BIM: The rise of connected BIM and digital twins enables comprehensive data management throughout the entire life cycle of a building or asset, optimizing outcomes based on insights gained from previous projects (125) Five AEC Industry Trends to Watch Out For in 2022 - YouTube https://youtu.be/6iKM0fsk_Jw DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY PARAMETRIC DESIGN Parametric design is a technique in which engineers use algorithms to create complex, customized products or structures. This process allows designers to input a set of parameters, or variables, that the algorithm then uses to generate a unique solution. Rather than creating a static design, it allows for the creation of dynamic models that can adapt to changes in parameters, which can include dimensions, materials, or environmental factors. Making Data Output Input algorithm management DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY PARAMETRIC DESIGN Beijing International Airport, China Heydar Center, Azerbaijan (125) Parametric Design in Architecture - YouTube DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY PARAMETRIC DESIGN Parametric Patterns Static Patterns DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE AEC INDUSTRY PARAMETRIC DESIGN Dynamic Patterns Al Bahar Towers  Exercise Compare between CAD & BIM -Introduction -Definitions - Uses - Programs (4 examples) Submit your assignment in (maximum 4 papers) size A4  Cairo University Faculty of Engineering INTS005 Fall -2024 Information Technology BY, Dr. Ahmed M.Saeed lectures Contents DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS What is drafting? Types of drafting. What is Digital Drafting? Computer aided design Who uses CAD? Building Information Modeling (BIM) Drafting and Smart tables DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS What is drafting? It is the art of creating technical drawings. This technique is used to design almost every possible object imaginable. It is the process of producing technical plans and drawings for use in the manufacturing, engineering, and construction sectors. The purpose of these drawings is to convey design ideas and offer thorough directions for the creation of a product or structure. It is mainly used in architecture to design houses, streets or even sewage systems. It is also common in industry and engineering. For everybody to be able to understand, similar signs are being used. DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS Drafting and Smart tables DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS Types of drafting DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS What is Digital Drafting? Using specialized computer programs like AutoCAD or Revit, the drafter will produce comprehensive drawings and plans once the design has been approved. DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS What is Digital Drafting? DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS Computer aided design CAD (computer-aided design) is the use of computer-based software to aid in design processes. CAD software is frequently used by different types of engineers and designers. CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2D) drawings or three-dimensional (3D) models. Who uses CAD? Architects Interior designers Computer-aided design is used in a wide Engineers Exterior designers variety of professions. CAD software is City planners Game designers used heavily within various architecture, Graphic designers Product designers arts and engineering projects. CAD use Animation illustrators Industrial designers cases are specific to industry and job Fashion designers Manufacturers functions. Professions that use CAD tools include, but are not limited to: DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS Building Information Modeling (BIM) Building information modeling is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of buildings and other physical assets. BIM is supported by various tools, technologies and contracts DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS Building Information Modeling (BIM) DRAFTING & MODELING DIGITAL TOOLS Building Information Modeling (BIM)  Exercise Draw the Hall floor plan using Auto CAD  Cairo University Faculty of Engineering SPRlNG-2024 INTS005 Information Technology BY, Dr. Ahmed M.Saeed lectures Contents BIM & DIGITAL TWIN What is BIM? BIM LOD BIM TOOLS & TECHNOLOGIES BIM DIMENSIONS BIM MODEL CLASSIFICATION OF BIM TOOLS BIM uses in design phase BIM uses in Construction phase DIGITAL TWIN DIGITAL TWIN IN ARCHITECTURE Digital output 360 virtual tour lectures Contents BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM & DIGITAL TWIN What is BIM? Building information modeling is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of buildings and other physical assets. BIM is supported by various tools, technologies and contracts BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM LODs BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM LOD BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM LOD LOD 100: which is the pre-design stage, the model consists of 2D symbols and the masses to signify an element’s existence. LOD 200: the elements are partially defined by outlining their approximate quantity, size, shape, and location. LOD 300: the elements are defined with exact BIM dimensions and their relative positions bolstering precision. LOD 350: describes the information about an element precisely and outlines an element’s relation and connection with other components. LOD 400: level outlines the basic information about the construction of various elements. LOD 500: the model begins representing the real-life functions of elements in a real building. Here are all the levels of development with their definitions in detail. BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM LOD BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM LOD Model Content LOD 100 LOD 200 LOD 300 LOD 400 LOD 500 3D Model-based Site level coordination Major large object General object-level Design certainty coordination N/A Coordination coordination coordination 4D Scheduling Total project Time-scaled, ordered Time-scaled, ordered Fabrication and assembly N/A construction duration. appearance of major appearance of detailed detail including construction Phasing of major activities assemblies means and methods (cranes, elements man-lifts, shoring, etc.) Cost Estimation Conceptual cost Estimated cost based Estimated cost based on Committed purchase price of Record cost allowance Example $/sf on measurement of the measurement of specific specific assembly at buyout of floor area, $/hospital generic element (i.e. assembly (i.e. specific bed, $/parking stall, etc. generic interior wall) wall type) assumptions on future content Program Gross departmental Specific room FF&E, casework, utility N/A N/A Compliance areas requirements connections Sustainable LEED strategies Approximate Precise quantities of Specific manufacturer Purchase Materials quantities of materials materials with percentages selections documentation by LEED categories of recycled and/or locally purchased materials Analysis/Simulatio Strategy and Conceptual design Approximate simulation Precise simulation based on Commissioning n performance criteria based on geometry and based on specific building the specific manufacturer and and recording of based on volumes and assumed system types assemblies and engineered detailed system components measured areas systems performance BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM TOOLS & TECHNOLOGIES BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM DIMENSIONS BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM MODEL BIM & DIGITAL TWIN CLASSIFICATION OF BIM TOOLS 1. Authoring tools 2. Analysis tools 3. Validation tools Revit Ecotect Solibri model checker Bently Green building studio Navisworks BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM uses in design phase BIM & DIGITAL TWIN BIM uses in Construction phase BIM & DIGITAL TWIN It presents the physical space as a virtual DIGITAL TWIN model, allowing user input and using real-time City Digital Twins Benefits and Technology Enablers BIM & DIGITAL TWIN DIGITAL TWIN IN ARCHITECTURE Digital twin architecture is a system that creates and maintains a digital replica of a physical asset. It uses sensors, data analytics, and modeling software.  Exercise Draw the lecture Hall floor plan using Auto CAD Import.DWG file into Revit to draw the 3D model.  Cairo University Faculty of Engineering SPRlNG-2024 INTS005 Information Technology BY, Dr. Ahmed M.Saeed lectures Contents DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE AUGMENTED REALITY VIRTUAL REALITY MIXED REALITY AI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE lectures Contents DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE The Process 3D Scanner app Autodesk-- Revit Plugin Kiri 3D Scanner Scaniverse SimLab.USDZ SimLab.Glb Exporter Exporter FBX Viewer + Plugin Blender 3D Max AR VR AUGmentecture AR DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE The Process SOFTWARE Video of the Object.USDZ for IOS Revit model: RVT, RFA, FBX.GLB for android INPUT OUTPUT DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Augmented Reality in Architecture The main use of augmented reality in architecture is for project presentations, where you can showcase a realistic 3D model of your building concept in an interactive way. It works great for presentations you do for your clients, as AR allows them to examine the design from any angle, and zoom in and out on it DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Augmented Reality in Architecture DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Augmented Reality in Architecture DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Augmented Reality in Architecture AR Furniture 1. From photos to 3D/AR. Upload photos and create 3D models, or upload finished models directly and generate AR. 2. Embedding. The AR application can be integrated via I-frame on your website, on all common shop systems or shared via direct link. 3. Asset management. https://mazingxr.com/en/ar-for-furniture/ DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE QR CODE GENERATION P a r t 0 1 G e t t i n g T h e File R e a d y Pa dlet Link File Public We b s i t e open padlet or any add post Upload file Copy Link public website DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE QR CODE GENERATION Part 02 G e t t i n g T h e Link Ready Link Scanova Code Open SCANOVA then select Choose the quality and either it Create QR Code Category is editable or not. (Website URL) Enter the URL then select continue. Finally, the QR code is generated and its design is editable. DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Augmented Reality in Architecture Tr ia l 0 2 P lug in Re vit.USDZ The AUGMENT is exported to the linked app for mobile or windows 1.Download AUGMENT app After opening the model 2. fter exporting an.obj and Revolve and edit the t a p to put the.MTL extension file from this will happen, to scan model model and edit scale revit, uploading it to the environment for AUGMENT surface DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE QR CODE GENERATION T r ia l 0 3 P lu g in Re vit Sim La b.G LB S i m L a b.GLB E x p o r t e r 01 02 03 04 Get t o 3D view OPen t he RFA f ile Click Continue Save the.Glb Exported file as desired In t he Ad d - in t a b >> Click on t he Simlab Plugin DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Virtual Reality for Architecture Virtual Reality for Architecture offers a powerful tool for presenting designs to clients. Instead of trying to decipher complex blueprints, clients can put on a VR headset and take a virtual tour of the proposed building. DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Virtual Reality for Architecture DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Mixed Reality for Architecture Architects were no longer just designing spaces; they were creating experiences. Enter Mixed Reality (MR), the game-changer in architectural visualization. MR blends physical and digital worlds, creating interactive environments where physical and virtual objects coexist and interact in real-time. DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE Artificial Intelligence AI AI in architecture significantly betters the performance of buildings by assimilating and interpreting vast amounts of data and generating solutions that preserve resources, reduce energy demand and ensure sustained comfort for occupants.  Cairo University Faculty of Engineering SPRlNG-2024 INTS005 Information Technology BY, Dr. Ahmed M.Saeed lectures Contents SCAN TO BIM & 3D PRINT What is the Scan to BIM process? The Scan to BIM process typically involves several key steps Laser Scanning Process Laser scanning team in field SCANNING Application; Heritage Documentation (Geometric Documentation) Adopted Methodology for Digital Documentation Using Laser Scanning 3d Print: Types of 3D Printing Processes Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) in Architecture Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Solutions for Automotive Designers 3d Printing Building Scan to BIM & 3d Print What is the Scan to BIM process? Scan to BIM means turning real buildings into detailed computer models. First, fancy machines called 3D laser scanners are used to measure every nook and cranny of a building, creating a digital cloud of points that represents its shape. Then, clever software takes this cloud and builds a virtual copy of the building, piece by piece, like playing with digital Lego blocks. It’s useful for architects, engineers, and builders to plan renovations, fix problems, or even simulate how the building will behave in different situations. Scan to BIM & 3d Print The Scan to BIM process typically involves several key steps: 1. Scanning: Using 3D laser scanners, the physical dimensions and geometries of What software does Scan to BIM use? the building or structure are captured. 1.Autodesk Recap 4. FARO Scene 2. Point Cloud Processing: The collected point cloud data is processed using specialized software 2.Autodesk Revit 5. Leica Cyclone to clean up noise, register multiple scans into a unified coordinate 3.Trimble RealWorks system, and create a coherent representation of the scanned area. 3. BIM Modeling: The processed point cloud data serves as a reference to create a detailed Building Information Model of the existing structure. BIM software such as Autodesk Revit, ArchiCAD, or Bentley MicroStation is used to model various building components including walls, floors, ceilings, doors, windows, and structural elements. 4. Annotation and Parameterization: During the BIM modeling process, additional information such as materials, dimensions, and other properties are added to accurately represent the existing building in the digital model. 5. Quality Assurance: The completed BIM model undergoes validation and quality assurance processes to ensure accuracy and completeness. 6. Delivery and Use: Once validated, the finalized BIM model along with any additional deliverables such as 2D drawings, 3D visualizations, or deliver reports to client or stakeholders. Scan to BIM & 3d Print Laser Scanning Process Laser scanning is as much about gathering First, the area is scanned – usually from different accurate information as it is about brilliant scan positions in order to completely cover its visualizations. Technology has given us the ability surface. Each view point generates a cloud of points. to precisely re-create any environment and This point cloud data set provides remote access to seamlessly transform millions of pieces of valuable information for architects, engineers, and information into a useful building model. construction teams when planning, designing, and analyzing projects. This information is exportable to Revit, Navisworks and other design software. Scan to BIM & 3d Print Laser Scanning Process Once the geo-referenced point cloud is created, the next level of development is to use the data for whatever your project requires – whether it be used for creating a 3D model, assessing floor flatness and After data acquisition, each scan is geo-referenced. levelness, inspecting walls, performing energy Geo-referencing is the transformation of the analyses, etc. scanner data into a real world coordinate system. This geo-referenced point cloud is tied to building This information is used by owners, architects and control, and allows the point cloud to be engineers to coordinate the project. accurately positioned relative to other elements of the design. Scan to BIM & 3d Print Laser Scanning Process Whether the result is an incredibly accurate 3D This design tool gives architects, engineers, and model, down to the millimeter – or a thorough construction teams access to measurable point assessment of floor flatness and levelness, wall cloud data through a secured Internet connection. inspections, or energy analyses – laser scanning Design partners and stakeholders can view, walk ensures quality, increases speed of capture, and through, and take measurements safely without ultimately eliminates surprises for the customer. To ever stepping foot on the project site. This also see a list of the ways laser scanning adds value to reduces travel costs and time consuming site visits. projects. Scan to BIM & 3d Print Laser Scanning Process Scan to BIM & 3d Print Laser scanning team in field Scan to BIM & 3d Print SCANNING Application; Heritage Documentation (Geometric Documentation) Using 3d scanning? Basic step of any restoration project Geometric Documentation is one of the most adequate methods traditionally Time consuming (onsite) depends on: Labor intensive 2D projections Fails to capture the exact fine Survey points details (imperfections) Traditional Photogrammetry Current global situation: The process to recording the necessary  Destruction of antiquities data for the determination of the: o War Position o Terrorism Actual existing form o Negligence Shape  Unorganized human activities Size Rate of Deterioration & Loss > 3D space Rate of Documentation Scan to BIM & 3d Print SCANNING Application; Heritage Documentation (Geometric Documentation) Image-based Techniques (R,G,B, …) Photogrammetry IR Cameras Non-image-based Techniques (X,Y,Z) Traditional Terrestrial Survey 3D Laser Scanner Combinative Methods (R,G,B,D,…) Advantages Faster than manual measurements Accurate with minimal human intervention Generate 3D Point Clouds (most of them) Slightly affected by weather conditions Scan to BIM & 3d Print SCANNING Application; Heritage Documentation (Geometric Documentation) Advantages Faster than traditional surveying mm level Accuracy Generate 3D High Density Point Clouds (HDPC) Some can combine XYZ data with RGB data Slightly affected by weather conditions Scan to BIM & 3d Print SCANNING Application; Heritage Documentation (Geometric Documentation) White light + Images (micro & small objects) Laser + Images IR + Images (outdoor & large objects) (indoor & mid sized objects) Scan to BIM & 3d Print SCANNING Application; Heritage Documentation (Geometric Documentation) BIM: 3D representation of the built environment Parametric models 3D semantically linked database Single repository for the built environment information HBIM: heritage layer on top of BIM models Reduces the need for 2D documentation Scan to BIM & 3d Print Adopted Methodology for Digital Documentation Using Laser Scanning Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 1. Polyjet The polyjet 3D printing process works very similarly to normal inkjet printing. The process consists of placing droplets of a photopolymer onto the build plate. A UV light then passes over this layer and solidifies it. The process repeats until the part is complete. Polyjet is highly accurate and very fast. It can also create multicolor and multi-material parts. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy ABS, Simulated Accurate, Multi-Material, Soft Products, Polypropylene, Optically 0.1 to 0.3 mm Biocompatible Overmolding clear plastic Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 2. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Fused deposition modeling is one of the most well-known 3D printing types. It works by pushing a plastic filament through a heated nozzle. The molten plastic is then placed down layer by layer until the part is complete. There are many different 3D filament types available – from solid thermoplastics to flexible thermoplastic elastomers. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Prototyping, Hobbyist ABS, PLA, ETG, Etc. Cheap, Easy to operate 0.5 m parts, Manufacturing Jigs Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 3. Stereolithography (SLA) Stereolithography was the first commercially available 3D printing technology. It works by curing a liquid photopolymer into the final part by tracing a high-powered laser in the shape of the part cross-section onto the build plate. This process continues while each subsequent layer is polymerized onto the previous one. The technology creates parts with extremely precise features. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Polycarbonate-Like, ABS- Casting patterns, High detail 0.1 m Like, Polypropylene like Prototypes Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 4. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Selective laser sintering works by placing down a layer of powdered plastic and tracing out the cross- section of the part with a laser. This laser melts the powder and fuses it. Another layer of plastic powder is laid over the previous one and the laser melts the cross-section shape while also fusing it into the previous layer. This process can produce highly accurate parts that can be printed in place provided there is an exit channel for unfused powder. The image below shows an SLS printer: Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Polyamide 12, Glass Filled Isotropic materials, No Flame retardant components, 0.3 mm Nylon support structures needed Medical devices Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 5. Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) Direct metal laser sintering is a process used to manufacture metal parts. The process works by placing down a thin layer of powdered metal. A high-power laser then traces out the cross-section of the part and sinters the metal powder together. After each layer is complete, another layer of powder is deposited and the process is repeated. It must be noted that sintering is not the same as melting. The metal powder is only fused on the surface. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Stainless Steel, Aluminum, Aerospace & automotive High-strength metal parts 0.1 mm Nickel Alloys, Titanium components Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 6. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Electron beam melting is one of the more advanced 3D printing techniques that use an electron beam to fuse metal particles. The process works by depositing a thin layer of metal powder. An electron beam then traces out the cross-section. The beam can be split to melt multiple areas at once, significantly improving production speed. This high-energy beam melts the particles together creating a homogeneous microstructure that results in high-strength parts. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Aerospace, medical, & Chromium, Titanium Faster than DMLS N/A petrochemical components Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 7. Digital Light Process (DLP) Digital light processing is a technique similar to SLA printing. Instead of using a high-powered laser to cure the photopolymer, however, a DLP 3D printer uses a high-resolution screen to project an image of the part cross-section onto the build plate. A conventional light source (rather than UV light) is used to cure the material. DLP technology is, in general, cheaper than SLA and therefore has democratized access to photopolymer printing technology. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Jewelry Casting, Dental Polycarbonate-Like, ABS- Faster than SLA Splints, Miniature 0.1 mm Like, Polypropylene like Figurines Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print 8 Types of 3D Printing Processes 8. Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) Multi-jet fusion is a unique 3D printing machine. MJF works by placing a layer of plastic onto the build plate. Then a heating head moves across the powder to preheat it. Finally, an inkjet-type printing array moves over the powder and selectively places fusing and detailing agents onto the powder. The heating elements then fuse the layer. This technology allows for multi-color and multi-material components. Materials Strengths Common Applications Dimensional Accuracy Nylon PA 12, Polypropylene, Highly Accurate, Multi- Visually accurate 0.05 mm Glass Filled Nylon Material, Multi-Color prototypes Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) in Architecture Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) in Architecture Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Print Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Solutions for Automotive Designers Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Printing Building https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vL2KoMNzGTo&t=12s Scan to BIM & 3d Print 3d Printing Building