Airborne Bacterial Diseases PDF

Airborne Bacterial Diseases: -Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep Throat) (URT) o Sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes/tonsils o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Penicillin o Prevention: Hand hygiene S...

Airborne Bacterial Diseases: -Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep Throat) (URT) o Sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes/tonsils o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Penicillin o Prevention: Hand hygiene Scarlet Fever (complication of Streptococcus pharyngitis) o Pink/red rash on neck, chest arms (caused Erythrogenic exotoxins), Strawberry tongue. o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Penicillin, Clarithromycin o Prevention: Hand hygiene (Complications of Strep and Scarlet fever Rheumatic fever and Acute glomerulonephritis due to rxn to M proteins.) -Corynebacterium diptheria Diptheria (URT) o Sore throat, low grade fever o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Penicillin, Erythromycin, Exotoxins o Prevention: DTaP vaccine (Pseudomembrane due to exotoxin inhibiting translation) -Streptococcus pneumoniae Epiglottitis (URT) o Severe throat pain, fever, muffled voice, o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: IV antibiotics o Prevention: Hib vaccine (responsible for the decline of Epiglottitis in US) Acute Otitis Media (Airborne) o Early childhood illness o Ear pain, red, swollen ear drum o Transmission: Airborne contact  o Treatment: Wait and see, antibiotics o Prevention: Limiting time in childcare Pneumococcal Meningitis (UPR) o Stiff neck, fever, headache, nausea/vomiting, light sensitivity o Transmission: Resp. Drop. from prolonged contact o Treatment: Antibiotics o Prevention: Vaccine o 30% of meningitis cases in the US are caused by S. pneumoniae Infections Bronchitis (LRT) o Runny nose, sore throat, chills, general malaise, fever, dry cough o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Antibiotics o Prevention: Annual flu vaccine, hand hygiene Pneumococcal Pneumonia (LRT) o High fever, sharp chest pain, S.O.B (dyspnea), *Rust color sputum* o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Penicillin, Cefotaxime o Prevention: Vaccination, hand hygiene o 80% of “typical” pneumonia cases -Haemophilus influenzae Epiglottitis (URT) o Severe throat pain, fever, muffled voice o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: IV antibiotics o Prevention: Hib vaccine (Responsible for the decrease in cases in US) Acute Otitis Media (Airborne) o Ear pain, red, swollen ear drum o Transmission: Airborne contact o Treatment: Wait and see, antibiotics o Prevention: Limiting time in childcare o An early childhood illness  Acute Bacterial Meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae type b) (URT) o Stiff neck, fever, severe headache, nausea/vomiting, light sensitivity o Transmission: Resp. Drop. from prolonged contact o Treatment: Antibiotics o Prevention: Vaccination Bronchitis (LRT) o Runny nose, sore throat, fever, chills, cough, body ache o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Antibiotics o Prevention: Flu vaccine, hand hygiene “Typical” Pneumonia (LRT) o Chills, high fever, SOB (dyspnea), chest pain, cough with *green/yellow sputum* o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Antibiotics o Prevention: Hand hygiene -Indigenous microbiota Sinusitis (UPR) o Pain, tenderness, swelling of sinuses o Transmission: N/A o Treatment: Nasal sprays, antibiotics o Prevention: Minimize contact with people with colds -Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas sp. Otitis Externa (UPT) o “Swimmer’s ear) o Common early childhood disease o Itching, ear pain o Transmission: Contaminated water o Treatment: Lifestyle modifications, topical/oral medications o Prevention: Keep ears dry o -Nisseria meningitidis Meningococcal meningitis o Fever, stiff neck, nausea/vomiting, severe headache, rash, light sensitivity o Transmission: Resp. Drop  o Treatment: Antibiotics o Most common type of meningitis in Africa -Group B Strep, Escherichia coli, Listeria Rare neonatal meningitis in low weight newborns o Group B strep is a common microflora in 1 in 4 healthy women o Group B strep + → Streptococcus agalactiae ▪ mom and child receive antimicrobial postnatally to ensure child can combat potential meningitis. -Brodetella pertussis (URT) Pertussis o Whooping cough o Low grade fever, severe cough, “whoop”, paroxysm, malaise o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Erythromycin o Prevention: DTaP and Tdap vaccine ▪ DTaP: children under 7 years of age ▪ Tdap: Teens and adults o Toxin paralyzes the ciliated cells in resp. tract. o Rise in cases in the US -Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis (LRT) o Active TB: cough, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, breathing pain o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Antibiotics o Prevention: Preventing exposure to active TB pts, BCG vaccine ▪ 90% of TB pts are asymptomatic. ▪ Infectious dose can be one cell or miliary TB (active tubercles are throughout the body) ▪ Mantoux test for detection ▪ Primary TB infection, primary active TB disease, latent TB infection, secondary active TB Disease. -Mycoplasma pneumoniae “Atypical” pneumonia (LRT) → “Walking pneumonia” o Headache, fever, fatigue, dry hacking cough o Transmission: Resp. Drop., via water system, whirlpool spas, A/C systems o Treatment: Antibiotic o Prevention: Extreme cleaning and disinfecting of water systems -Legionella pneumophila “Atypical” pneumonia (LRT) → Legionnaries’ disease o Headache, fever, fatigue, dry hacking cough o Transmission: Resp. Drop., via water system, whirlpool spas, A/C systems o Treatment: Antibiotic o Prevention: Extreme cleaning and disinfecting of water systems Pontiac Fever o Influenza like infection - Coxiella burnetti Q fever (LRT, Zoonotic, “Atypical” pneumonia in humans) o Headache, fever, dry cough o Transmission: Dust particles, contact with infected animals o Treatment: Doxycycline o Prevention: Vaccine for high-risk occupations - Chlamydophila psittaci Psittacosis (LRT, Zoonotic, “Atypical” pneumonia in humans) o Headache, fever, dry cough o Transmission: Contact with infected psittacine birds o Treatment: Doxycycline o Prevention: Keeping susceptible birds away from the infecting agent - Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydial pneumonia (LRT, “Atypical” pneumonia) o Headache, fever, dry cough o Transmission: Resp. Drop. o Treatment: Doxycycline, Erythromycin o Prevention: Hand hygiene o Common in college students and young adults