AHA Exam 2 Study Guide PDF

**AHA EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE** **Bronchitis characteristics, diagnostic tests, and treatment plan:** Inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Transient infection lasting anywhere from 3-6 weeks. Cigarette smoking can increase the severity and frequency of acute bronchitis. Subjective fi...

**AHA EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE** **Bronchitis characteristics, diagnostic tests, and treatment plan:** Inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Transient infection lasting anywhere from 3-6 weeks. Cigarette smoking can increase the severity and frequency of acute bronchitis. Subjective findings of bronchitis -- persistent cough lasting longer than 10-14 days, could be the only symptom. Cough is initially dry but may progress to productive with sputum that is yellow, green, or clear Other symptoms: low grade fever less than 101, fatigue, malaise, occasional dyspnea or wheezing, headache, substernal chest discomfort or burning pain Objective findings of bronchitis: lungs clear and resonant, afebrile, occasional wheezing, crackles that clear with cough Diagnosis of bronchitis: based on clinical presentation, mainly viral, chest x-ray will be NORMAL if patient has acute bronchitis. Treatment of bronchitis : rest, drink plenty of fluids, loosen mucous, sooth cough with cough suppressant, inhaled medications such as albuterol **Emphysema characteristics, diagnostic tests, and treatment plan.** Progressive airflow limitations, gas exchange abnormalities, and hypersecretion of mucous usually induced by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. Symptoms may not be fully reversible post treatment. **PERMANENT abnormal enlargement destruction of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, including alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, and alveoli.** **Chronic and progressive dyspnea, cough, wheezing, chest tightness, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections** **\*Physiologic changes incurred with airflow remodeling typically do NOT emerge as physical signs until PROFOUND impairment of lung function occurs** Physical signs include - increased AP diameter, weight loss, accessory muscle use, tachypnea SPIROMETRY is the most reliable and objective mechanism for measurement of airflow limitation Diagnosis of COPD: FEV1/FVC \