Agricultural Science SS 2 1st Term Week 1 PDF

First Term SCRIPTED LESSONS 2024/2025 ACADEMIC SESSION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SS 2 WEEK 1  AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SS 2 1ST TERM WEEK 1 PERIOD 1 Subject AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE T...

First Term SCRIPTED LESSONS 2024/2025 ACADEMIC SESSION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SS 2 WEEK 1  AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SS 2 1ST TERM WEEK 1 PERIOD 1 Subject AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Theme PLANT NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT CYCLE Topic PLANT NUTRIENTS Class Level SS 2 Lesson Duration 40 minutes Instructional By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Objectives/Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the meaning of plant nutrient 2. State the meaning of macro nutrient e.g. N,P,K, Ca, mg, S, etc. 3. Mention the functions of each Macro elements 4. State the deficiency symptoms of each of the nutrients e.g. chlorosis mal- formation of roots, stunted growth Instructional Organic manure, chalkboard, text book Resources/Material Teacher Preparation Teacher provides farm yard manure ‘Humus Soil” for the lesson Teaching Method Discussion method, small group work and presentation method. Lesson Procedure Time Teacher Activity Students Activity Core Skills Step 1: Identification 3 1. Teacher ask the 1. Students provides Critical thinking of Prior ideas: minutes students if they have varies responses. Communication seen: a. Manure b. 2. Student to Compose soil c. explain plant Fertilizer etc nutrients 2. If they have seen loamy soil 3. Explain plant nutrients Step 2: Main Lesson 10 Teacher explains the The students listen Critical thinking minutes meaning of plant attentively as the Collaboration nutrients to the teacher explains Communication students and the macro elements: Students are to present leaves that Nitrogen, potassium, has green and yellow phosphorus, calcium colour magnesium and sulphur Students observe the effect of deficiencies on the colour of leaves  ii. TEACHER explains the functions of each macro nutrients iii. Teacher explains the deficiency symptoms of each macro nutrients Step 3: Application: 10 1.Share the class into Students discussed Critical thinking In-Class exercises minutes 4 groups. Asked the the 2 types of Creative students to :- a. nutrients elements imagination Explain the 2 types of 2. List 3 macro Communication nutrients element b. elements according Collaboration List 3 macro to their deficiencies elements according and symptoms to their deficiencies and symptoms 10 2. Teacher copy the 3. Student copy minutes note summary on the lesson summary into chalkboard their note book(cheers) Step 4: Evaluation 4minutes Ask the students the Respond to the Critical thinking following questions: questions Communication (for their activities, i. Differentiate participation, the between class gives Magnessi themselves(a um and parapanda) phospho rus stating their deficien cies and symptom s Ii. List the macro nutrients that have been thought iil. State the deficiency symptoms of each of the macro elements mentioned above. Step 5: Assignment:- 3minutes Teacher ask students to state the functions of Nitrogen, phosphorus Take Home /Further and potassium. Practice Students should state the deficiencies of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium BOARD SUMMARY PLANT NUTRIENTS Plant nutrients are mineral elements present in the soil that serve as food to the plant for growth and productivity. Plants require nutrients or certain food substances in form of mineral salts or nutrients from the soil for good growth and healthy development. About seventeen (17) mineral salts required by the plants and they are divided into macro and micro nutrients MACRO ELEMENTS These are the elements that are required by plants in relatively large quantities. Examples include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium , magnesium and sulphur. 1) NITROGEN (N): Nitrogen aids plants’ growth and reproduction due to its essential constituent of all protein. They promote chlorophyll formation or deep green colour of leaves and also the uptake of potassium and phosphorus from the soil. DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS: Lack of nitrogen in plant leads to stunted growth, yellowing of leaves and leaves may drop prematurely, poor formation of flowers and fruits. 2) POTASSIUM (K): Potassium are mainly catalytic and activate many enzymes, it is a major constituent of plant tissues; it functions to help plant to resist bacteria and fungal pathogen attack. DEFICIENCY. Deficiency results in delay growth, weak slender stem, premature leaf fall and brown colour at margin of leaves. 3) PHOSPHORUS (P): are constituent of cell nucleus and essential for cell division, they help in rood development, seed germination, fruit formation and maturity. They also improve the palatability of crops. Deficiency of phosphorus in plant include stunted growth, poor root development, delay and retarded flowering, fruit and seed formation. 4) MAGNESSIUM (Mg): Magnesium is a constituent of chlorophyll and it is involved in protein synthesis and oil in crops. I is needed in the assimilation and translocation of phosphorus in plant DEFICIENCY: Deficiency of magnesium in plant include yellow coloration of leaves, interveinal chlorosis, it makes it impossible for photosynthesis. 5) CALCIUM (Ca): It is a part of cell wall and therefore hardens the plant. It helps to  reduce soil acidity. Deficiency of calcium in plant include: Stunted growth, poor root development, weak slender plants 6) SULPHUR (S): Sulphur is a constituent of plant protein. It helps in green coloration of plants. Deficiency of sulphur in plant include uniform yellowish of the leaves, stunted growth and poor rate of photosynthesis. WEEK 1 PERIOD 2 Subject Agric Science Theme PLANT NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT CYCLE Topic MICRO NUTRIENTS, FUNCTIONS AND DEFICIENCY Class Level SS 2 Lesson Duration 40 minutes Instructional At the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Objectives/Learning Outcomes i. List the micro nutrients required by plants ii. State the functions of each micro nutrients iii. State the deficiency symptoms of each micro nutrient in plants Instructional I. Picture of plant showing deficiency symptoms, chalk board, rext book. Resources/Material Teacher Preparation Teacher provides plant’s leaves showing different deficiency symptoms. for the lesson Teaching Method Class discussion method Lesson Procedure Time Teacher Activity Students Activity Core Skills Step 1: Identification 3 Teacher askedStudents Critical thinking of Prior ideas: minutes students to define participate by Communication plant nutrient responding appropriately to the 2.Teacher asks questions asked by students to mention the teacher six examples of macro nutrients Step 2: Main Lesson 10 1) Teacher The students listen minutes defines micro attentively as the Collaboration nutrients teacher explains. Communication 2) Teacher 2. Explain the explains the functions of micro function of elements each micro 3. Enumerate the elements deficiencies of micro 3) Teacher elements enumerates the deficiency symptoms of micro nutrients in plants. Step 3: Application: 10 1. Students present 1. Students presents Critical thinking In-Class exercises minutes leaves leaves with Creative with deficiency deficiency imagination symptoms of various symptoms of various Communication micro nutrients micro nutrients Collaboration 2. Mention the 2. Mention the various functions of various functions of the micro elements the micro elements 10 3. Copy the note 3) Copy the lesson minutes summary on the chalk summary into their board notebooks(Kiss your brain) Step 4: Evaluation 4minutes Teacher asks the Students answer the Critical thinking students the question asked by Communication following questions: the teacher 1) What are micro nutrients 2) Mention the function of each micro nutrient 3) State the deficiency of each micro nutrient Step 5: Assignment:- 3minutes Teacher ask students to mention 3 deficiencies symptom by lack of Take Home /Further micro nutrients Practice BOARD SUMMARY MICRO NUTRIENTS These are nutrients needed in relatively small amount for healthy plant growth and productivity. They are as shown below with their functions as well as deficiency symptoms ELEMENTS/NUTRIENT NUTRIENT FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS IRON It is important for Chlorotic conditions chlorophyll formation called non-induced chlorosis MOLYBDENUM Necessary for nitrogen Poor growth formation as part of enzyme system that catalyses nitrification  MANGANESE Is a constituent of enzyme Pale – greenish yellow responsible fir protein discoloration between production. It helps in veins especially in young Nitrogen transformation plants and seedlings. in plants COPPER Is needed for chlorophyll Efficiency pronounced in formation. Is a soil rich in organic matter constituent of enzymes. and also alkaline soil. It is important in the Top of old leaves dry off utilization of iron. and die back ZINC It is a constituent of Causes mottled and certain enzymes small leaves BORON It is needed for protein Death of shoot and root synthesis facilitates good tips root development. It encourages al division Flower bud failure to develop COLBAT Essential for leguminous Reduced Nitrogen due to crops required for reduced symbiotic symbiotic fixation of fixation of nitrogen nitrogen Week 1 PERIOD 3 Subject Agric Science Theme PLANT NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT CYCLE Topic Factors affecting the availability of plant nutrients Class Level SS 2 Lesson Duration 40 minutes Instructional By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Objectives/Learning 1.State the factors affecting the availability of plant nutrients Outcomes Instructional - Chalk board, chalk, text books, learners’ notes Resources/Material Teacher Preparation Teacher consult various textbooks to broaden his knowledge and jot down for the lesson notes on factors affecting the availability of plant nutrients Teaching Method Participating and interactive lecture method Lesson Procedure Time Teacher Activity Students Activity Core Skills Step 1: Identification 3 Teacher ask students Students mention Critical thinking of Prior ideas: minutes to mention examples macro and micro Communication of macro and micro nutrients nutrients Step 2: Main Lesson 10 Teacher explains to Students listen Collaboration minutes the students various attentively to the factors affecting the teacher as he/she availability of plant explains nutrients Step 3: Application: 10 Teacher discusses Students listen Critical thinking In-Class exercises minutes elaborately on the extensively Creative factors affecting the imagination availability of plant Communication nutrients one after the other 10 2.Teacher copy the Students copy the minutes summary on the lesson summary into chalkboard their notebooks Step 4: Evaluation 4minutes Teacher asks the Students give Critical thinking students the corresponding Communication following questions: answers to the questions asked I. Mention 5 factors affecting the availability of plant nutrients 2.Explain in detail two of the factors mentioned Step 5: Assignment:- 3minutes Ask the student to write a term paper on how PH of the soil Take Home /Further temperature and soil texture affect the availability of plants Practice nutrients ` BOARD SUMMARY FACTORS AFFECTING AVAILABILITY OF PLANT NUTRIENTS The followings are factors that affects the availability of plants nutrients in the soil SOIL PH: This is the measure of hydrogen concentration in the soil that denotes the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. It has influence on the availability of certain elements in the soil e.g. if the PH is low (high acidity) it encourages disintegration of clay minerals like calcium and aluminium which are leached away from the soil and reduce the activities of soil living organism that aid decomposition of organic matter. If the PH is high (high alkalinity) minerals like calcium and magnesium ions accumulate in the soil which in turn affect the growth of the plants. 2) CONCENTRATION OF OTHER NUTRIENTS: Some nutrients when in excess quantities can reduce the availability of other elements in the soil. For example, the activities of potassium is suppressed by an excess of calcium which is a key elements in the growth process. This excess amount of some elements prevents proper absorption and utilisation of other elements. E.g high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil results in non-availability of potassium. The conditions result in retarded growth, low yield and eventually death of the plant 3) OXIDATION: This is a form of chemical creation in which electron(s) is either gained or lost thereby changing the state of the mineral salts. 4) CROP REMOVAL: This is an important source of nitrogen loss, growing crops absorbed nutrients from the soil and build up the crops. At harvesting, the whole plant is removed away from the field and consumed, thus the nutrients used up by the plant are taken away and not returned to the soil. The rapid removal of nutrients this way by continuous cropping completely depletes the soil of such nutrients 5) EROSION: Rainfall causes water erosion by washing away the topsoil along with its nutrients. The top soil is also blown away by wind along with the nutrients contained in it. Leaching: This is the washing down of nutrients in soluble form from the plant root zone down the soil beyond the reach of plants’ roots. Nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium are lost from topsoil this way. Leaching causes the accumulation of aluminium and hydrogen ion which later becomes acidic and toxic to plants. Other factors affecting the availability of plants nutrients are:- 1. Burning of bushes 2. Soil texture 3. Levels of organic matter/micro organisms in the soil 4. Soil moisture content Methods of Replenishing Lost Nutrients in the Soil There are several methods adopted by farmers in maintaining the fertility of the soil either by conserving them or by replacing lost nutrients. These include the following methods: 1. Crop rotation. 2. Use of organic manuring. 3. Application of synthetic fertilizers. 4. Liming 5. Planting of cover crops. 6. Bush fallowing/shifting cultivation. Crop Rotation: This is a farming system where farmers grow different crops on the same piece of land year after year in a definite order so as to maintain the soil fertility. The rotation is planned in such a way that nutrients taken from the soil during crop removal arte restored. Example of a four -course rotation is given below:  Principles Underlying Crop Rotation 1. Deep rooted crops like yam and cassava must not follow each other in the rotation because they will draw soil nutrients from the same depth in the soil. 2. Shallow rooted crops like maize and rice should not follow each other. 3. Crops that are likely or are known to be attacked by the same pest should not be following each other in the rotation. 4. Crops from the same family should not follow each other. 5. There should be at least a legume in the rotation. 6. There should also be a fallow period during which the lad is allowed to rest. Organic Manuring: Manure is any material that increases the fertility of the soil when added to it. Organic manure relates to the materials that are derived either from plant or animal origin or a combination of both which has decomposed and would readily release nutrients they contain. Three major types of known organic manure are farm yard, compost manure and green manure. Liming: This is the act of adding chemical substances such as calcium and magnesium to the soil in order to reduce the acidity of that soil. Common examples of limes are calcium carbonate. The limes also aid calcium and magnesium to the soil in addition to reducing the soil acidity and this is why the two elements are called lime elements. Bush Fallowing: This is the practice of allowing the soil that has been used for farming to stay without cropping for some time after it has been used for growing crops. This allows the soil to build up its fertility from the organic matter deposits from the fallow vegetative cover after they decompose. The period of fallow could be up to 5-10 years but this generally varies depending on how readily available agricultural lands are and also on the human population pressure on the land and where human population that wants to use it is relatively low. Leguminous fallow crops should be encouraged on fallow lands for a richer soil after the fallow period.