Criminal Law (Book I) 2024-2025 PDF

**GAPAN CITY COLLEGE** **CRIMINAL LAW (BOOK I)** **1^st^ SEMESTER, A.Y. 2024-2025** **BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY** **COURSE NOTES** **[A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES]** **1. MALA IN SE vs. MALA PROHIBITA** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |...

**GAPAN CITY COLLEGE** **CRIMINAL LAW (BOOK I)** **1^st^ SEMESTER, A.Y. 2024-2025** **BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY** **COURSE NOTES** **[A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES]** **1. MALA IN SE vs. MALA PROHIBITA** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **MALA IN SE** | **MALA PROHIBITA** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **DEFINITION** | A crime or an act | An act that is | | | that is inherently | considered a | | | immoral, such as | | | | murder, arson, or | crime because it is | | | rape | prohibited by | | | | statute, although the | | | | act itself is not | | | | necessarily immoral | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO LAWS | General Rule: RPC | General Rule: Special | | VIOLATED** | | Laws | | | Exception: A crime is | | | | mala in se, even if | Exception: Art. 220 | | | punishable under a | | | | special law, when the | (Technical | | | acts are inherently | Malversation) | | | immoral (e.g., | | | | plunder) | of RPC is malum | | | | prohibitum \[Ysidoro | | | \[Estrada v. | v. People, 685 SCRA | | | Sandiganbayan | 637 (2012)\] | | | | | | | , G.R. No. 148560 | | | | (2001); | | | | | | | | Garcia v. Court of | | | | Appeals, 484 SCRA 617 | | | | (2006)\] | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO USE OF GOOD | Valid defense | Not a | | FAITH AS A DEFENSE** | | | | | | valid defense | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO CRIMINAL | Criminal intent | Criminal intent | | INTENT AS AN | | | | ELEMENT** | is necessary. | is not necessary | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO DEGREE OF | Taken into account in | Not taken into | | ACCOMPLISHMENT** | determining the | account; the | | | penalty to be imposed | | | | | act is punishable | | | | only when consummated | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO EFFECT OF | Taken into account in | Not taken into | | MITIGATING AND | determining the | account in | | AGGRAVATING | imposable penalty. | | | CIRCUMSTANCES** | | determining the | | | | imposable penalty, | | | | unless provided for | | | | by special law | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO DEGREE OF | Degree of | Degree of | | PARTICIPATION | participation of | participation | | (presupposes more | | | | than 1 offender)** | each offender is | of each offender is | | | taken into | not | | | | | | | account. | taken into account | | | | and | | | | | | | | all who participated | | | | in the act are | | | | punished to the same | | | | extent | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **AS TO DIVISION OF | Penalties may be | There is no such | | PENALTIES** | divided into degrees | division | | | and periods. | | | | | of penalties. | | | | | | | | Exception: | | | | | | | | When the special law | | | | uses the nomenclature | | | | of the penalties in | | | | the RPC | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **2. Scope and Characteristics** **a. Generality** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | CRIME | JURISDICTION | +===================================+===================================+ | Crime is punishable under | The Philippines has exclusive | | Philippine laws, but not under US | jurisdiction | | laws | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Crime is punishable under US | The US has exclusive | | laws, but not under Philippine | jurisdiction. | | laws | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Crime is punishable under both US | The Philippines has primary but | | laws and Philippine laws | | | | concurrent jurisdiction with the | | | US. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Who are Not Exempt** **Condition for Immunity to Apply** **b. Territoriality** **General Rule:** **Exceptions \[Art. 2, RPC\]:** **c. Prospectivity** **3. Ex Post Facto Law** **4. Pro Reo Principle** **5. Equipoise Doctrine** **[B. FELONIES]** **DEFINITION OF TERMS** **[1. CRIMINAL LIABILITIES AND FELONIES]** **[a. CLASSIFICATION OF FELONIES]** **2. According to Their Gravity \[Art. 9, RPC\]** **b. Less Grave Felonies** **2. Omission** **B. Mental Element (Mens Rea)** **1. DOLO** **Elements:** **Intent vs. Motive** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | INTENT | MOTIVE | +===================================+===================================+ | The purpose is to use | The moving power | | | | | a particular means to | which impels one to | | | | | effect such a result. | action for a definite | | | | | | result. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | An element of the | Not an element of the | | | | | crime, except in | crime. | | | | | unintentional felonies. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Essential in intentional | Essential only when the | | | | | felonies | identity of the | | | | | | perpetrator is in doubt. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Mistake of Fact vs. Mistake of Law** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **MISTAKE OF FACT** | **MISTAKE OF LAW** | +===================================+===================================+ | ***AS TO DEFINITION*** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Misapprehension of fact on the | Want of knowledge or | | part of the person causing injury | | | to another. There is no criminal | acquaintance with the | | intent. \[U.S. v. Ah Chong, G.R. | | | No. L-5272 (1910)\] | laws of the land | | | | | | insofar as they apply | | | | | | to the act, relation, | | | | | | duty, or matter under | | | | | | consideration | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***AS TO DEFENSE OF GOOD FAITH*** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Good faith is a defense. | Good faith is not defense. | | | | | An honest mistake of fact | Ignorance of the law excuses no | | destroys the presumption of | one from compliance therewith | | criminal intent which arises upon | (ignorantia legis non excusat). | | the commission of a felonious | | | act. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ READ THESE TWO CASES!: **Requisites of Mistake of Fact as a Defense:** **2. CULPA** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **NEGLIGENCE** | **IMPRUDENCE** | +===================================+===================================+ | Deficiency of perception | Deficiency of action | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A person fails to pay proper | A person fails to | | attention and to use due | | | diligence in foreseeing the | take the necessary | | injury or damage impending to be | | | caused | precaution to avoid | | | | | | injury to person or | | | | | | damage to property | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **[d. IMPOSSIBLE CRIME]** Article 4. Criminal Liability -- Criminal liability shall be incurred: **DEFINITION OF TERMS** **[e. STAGES OF EXECUTION (Article 6)]** **1. ATTEMPTED** **OVERT ACT** [READ THESE TWO CASES!:] [1. Baleros Jr. vs. People, G.R. No. 138033 (2006)] [2. Rait vs. People, G.R. No. 180425 (2008)] **DESISTANCE** **2. FRUSTRATED** **DEFINITION** **Elements:** **3. CONSUMMATED** **DEFINITION** **[TWO (2) PHASES OF FELONY]** **2. Objective Phase** **[DEVELOPMENT OF A CRIME]**