Criminal Law II PDF

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FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY 00001CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY 00002CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY 00003CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY 00004CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY Table of Contents e. Indemnification or Confiscation of Instruments or Proceeds of the Offense.... 90 I. Book I [Articles 1-99 of the Revised Penal f. Payment of Costs........................................ 91 Code] (RPC)............................................................1 D. EXECUTION AND SERVICE OF A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES........................ 1 SENTENCE.................................................92 1. Mala In Se and Mala Prohibita....................... 1 1. Three-Fold Rule.............................................. 93 2. Scope and Characteristics................................ 3 2. Probation Law (P.D. 968, as amended)....... 94 a. Generality....................................................... 3 a. Applicability................................................. 94 b. Territoriality.................................................. 4 b. Grant, Manner, and Conditions [Sec. 4, c. Prospectivity.................................................. 7 R.A. 10707]...................................................... 95 3. Pro Reo Principle.............................................. 7 c. Grant of Probation..................................... 96 4. Ex Post Facto Law........................................... 7 d. Violation of Probation Order................... 96 5. Interpretation of Penal Laws.......................... 8 e. Termination of Probation......................... 97 6. Retroactive Effect of Penal Laws................... 8 f. Probation v. Pardon.................................... 97 B. FELONIES................................................ 9 4. Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (R.A. 9344, 1. Criminal Liabilities and Felonies.................... 9 as amended).......................................................... 98 a. Classifications of Felonies........................... 9 a. Scope............................................................. 98 b. Aberratio Ictus, Error In Personae, and b. Intervention Program................................ 99 Praeter Intentionem......................................... 9 c. Diversion....................................................100 c. Elements of Criminal Liability................. 10 d. Court Proceedings....................................101 d. Impossible Crime....................................... 12 4. An Act Adjusting the Amount or the Value of e. Stages of Execution.................................... 13 Property and Damage on Which a Penalty is f. Continuing Crimes...................................... 16 Based and the Fines Imposed Under the Revised g. Complex Crimes and Composite Crimes17 Penal Code (R.A. 10951)..................................103 2. Circumstances Affecting Criminal Liability 18 a. Suspension in Case of Insanity or Minority a. Justifying Circumstances........................... 18.........................................................................103 b. Exempting Circumstance.......................... 23 5. Community Service Act (R.A. 11362 and A.M. c. Mitigating Circumstances.......................... 28 No. 20-06-14-SC)..............................................104 d. Aggravating Circumstances...................... 34 E. EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL e. Alternative Circumstances........................ 54 LIABILITY................................................. 106 f. Absolutory Causes...................................... 57 1. An Act Amending Articles 29, 94, 97-99 of the 3. Persons Liable and Degree of Participation59 RPC (R.A. 10592)..............................................106 a. Principals, Accomplices, and Accessories a. Allowance for Good Conduct which........................................................................... 59 Culprit May Earn While He is Undergoing c. Multiple Offenses (Differences, Rules, Preventive Imprisonment for Serving Effects)............................................................. 69 Sentence [Art. 97, RPC]...............................106 d. Decree Penalizing Obstruction of 1. Special Time Allowance [Art. 98]......107 Apprehension and Prosecution of Criminal Offenders (PD 1829)..................................... 72 F. CIVIL LIABILITIES IN CRIMINAL CASES......................................................... 108 C. PENALTIES............................................ 73 1. General Rule [Art. 100]................................108 1. Imposable Penalties........................................ 73 2. What Civil Liability Includes.......................109 2. Classification.................................................... 73 a. Restitution..................................................109 3. Duration and Effects..................................... 74 b. Reparation.................................................109 4. Application....................................................... 79 c. Indemnification.........................................110 a. Subsidiary Imprisonment.......................... 81 3. Persons Civilly Liable...................................111 b. Indeterminate Sentence Law (Act No. 4. Extinction of Civil Liability.........................111 4103, as amended).......................................... 81 5. Special Cases..................................................112 5. Graduation of Penalties................................. 84 a. Insanity, imbecility, and those over 9 and 6. Accessory Penalties........................................ 89 below 15.........................................................112 a. Perpetual or Temporary Absolute b. State of Necessity.....................................112 Disqualification............................................... 89 c. Irresistible Force and Uncontrollable Fear c. Suspension from Public Office, the Right.........................................................................112 to Vote and be Voted for, the Right to d. Innkeepers and Similar Persons.............112 Practice a Profession or Calling................... 90 6. Subsidiary Liability of Other Persons........113 d. Civil Interdiction........................................ 90 00005CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY II. Book II (Articles 114-365 of the RPC) and 1. Chapter 1: Rebellion, Coup d’etat, Sedition, Related Special Laws.........................................115 and Disloyalty....................................................132 a. Article 134 - Rebellion or Insurrection.132 A. CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL b. Article 134-A - Coup d’état....................134 SECURITY AND THE LAW OF NATIONS c. Article 135 - Penalty for Rebellion, [ARTS. 114-123]........................................... 115 Insurrection or Coup d’état............................134 1. Chapter 1: Crimes against National Security d. Article 136 - Conspiracy and Proposal to............................................................................. 115 Commit Coup d’état, Rebellion or a. Article 114 - Treason............................... 115 Insurrection...................................................134 b. Article 115 - Conspiracy and Proposal to e. Article 137 - Disloyalty of Public Officers Commit Treason........................................... 117 or Employees.................................................135 c. Article 116 - Misprision of Treason...... 117 f. Article 138 - Inciting to Rebellion or d. Article 117 - Espionage........................... 118 Insurrection...................................................135 e. Article 118 – Inciting to War or Giving g. Article 139 – Sedition...............................135 Motives for Reprisals................................... 119 h. Article 140 - Penalty for sedition...........137 f. Article 119 - Violation of Neutrality...... 119 i. Article 141 - Conspiracy to Commit g. Article 120 – Correspondence with Hostile Sedition...........................................................137 Country.......................................................... 119 j. Article 142 - Inciting to Sedition.............137 h. Article 121 – Flight to Enemy’s Country 2. Chapter 2: Crimes against Popular......................................................................... 119 Representation...................................................138 i. Article 122 – Piracy in General and Mutiny a. Article 143 - Acts Tending to Prevent the on the High Seas or in Philippine Waters. 119 Meeting of the Assembly and Similar Bodies j. Article 123 – Qualified Piracy................. 121.........................................................................138 2. Chapter 2: Special Penal Laws.................... 121 b. Article 144 - Disturbance of Proceedings a. Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery.........................................................................138 (P.D. 532)....................................................... 121 c. Article 145 - Violation of Parliamentary b. Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 (R.A. 11479) Immunity........................................................139......................................................................... 122 3. Chapter 3: Illegal Assemblies and Associations B. CRIMES AGAINST THE..............................................................................140 FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF THE STATE a. Article 146 - Illegal Assemblies..............140 [ARTS. 124 - 133]......................................... 125 b. Article 147 - Illegal Associations............140 1. Chapter 1: Arbitrary Detention or Expulsion, 4. Chapter 4: Assault upon, and Resistance and Violation of Dwelling, Prohibition, Interruption, Disobedience to Persons in Authority and Their and Dissolution of Peaceful Meetings and Agents.................................................................141 Crimes Against Religious Worship................. 125 a. Article 148 - Direct Assaults...................141 a. Article 124 - Arbitrary Detention.......... 125 b. Article 149 - Indirect Assaults................142 b. Article 125 - Delay in the Delivery of c. Article 150 - Disobedience to summons Detained Persons to the Proper Judicial issued by the National Assembly, its Authorities..................................................... 125 Committees or Subcommittees, or divisions c. Article 126 - Delaying Release................ 126.........................................................................142 d. Article 127 – Expulsion.......................... 127 d. Article 151 - Resistance and Disobedience e. Article 128 – Violation of Domicile...... 127 to a Person in Authority or the Agents of f. Article 129 - Search Warrants Maliciously Such Person...................................................142 Obtained and Abuse in the Service of those e. Article 152 - Persons in authority and Legally Obtained........................................... 128 agents of persons in authority.....................143 g. Article 130 - Searching Domicile Without 5. Chapter 5: Public Disorders........................143 Witnesses....................................................... 128 a. Article 153 - Tumults and Other h. Article 131 - Prohibition, Interruption and Disturbances of Public Order Acts Dissolution of Peaceful Meetings.............. 129 Punishable [SIODB].....................................143 i. Article 132 - Interruption of Religious b. Article 154 - Unlawful Use of Means of Worship.......................................................... 129 Publication and Unlawful Utterances........144 j. Article 133 - Offending the Religious c. Article 155 - Alarms and Scandals.........144 Feelings.......................................................... 130 d. Article 156 - Delivering Prisoners from Jail 2. Chapter 2: Special Penal Laws.................... 130.........................................................................145 a. Anti-Torture Act of 2009 (RA 9745).... 130 6. Chapter 6: Evasion of Service of Sentence..............................................................................145 C. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER a. Article 157 - Evasion of Service of Sentence [ARTS. 134 - 160]......................................... 132.........................................................................146 00006CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY b. Article 158 - Evasion of Service of Sentence p. Article 176 – Manufacturing and on the Occasion of Disorders, Possession of Instruments or Implements for Conflagrations, Earthquakes, or Other Falsification....................................................157 Calamities....................................................... 146 2. Chapter II: Other Falsities...........................158 c. Article 159 - Other Cases of Evasion of a. Article 177 – Usurpation of Authority or Service of Sentence...................................... 147 Official Functions.........................................158 7. Chapter 7: Commission of Another Crime b. Article 178 – Using Fictitious and During Service of Penalty Imposed for Another Concealing True Name................................158 Previous Offense............................................... 147 c. Article 179 – Illegal Use of Uniforms and a. Article 160 - Commission of another crime Insignia...........................................................159 during service of penalty imposed for another d. Article 180 – False Testimony Against a previous offense........................................... 147 Defendant......................................................159 8. Chapter 8: Special Penal Law...................... 148 e. Article 181 – False Testimony Favorable to a. Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition the Defendant................................................159 Regulation Act (R.A. 10591)....................... 148 f. Article 182 – False Testimony in Civil Cases.........................................................................160 D. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST g. Article 183 – False Testimony in Other [ARTS. 161 - 187]......................................... 149 Cases and Perjury in Solemn Affirmation.160 1. Chapter I: Forgeries...................................... 149 h. Article 184 – Offering False Testimony in a. Article 161 – Counterfeiting the Great Seal Evidence.........................................................161 of the Government of the Philippine Islands, 3. Chapter III: Frauds......................................161 Forging the Signature or Stamp of the Chief a. Article 185 – Machinations in Public Executive....................................................... 149 Auctions.........................................................161 b. Article 162 – Using Forged Signature or b. [REPEALED] Article 186 – Monopolies Counterfeit Seal or Stamp........................... 149 and Combinations in Restraint of Trade...161 c. Article 163 – Making and Importing and c. Article 187 – Importation and Disposition Uttering False Coins..................................... 149 of Falsely Marked Articles or Merchandise d. Article 164 – Mutilation of Coins.......... 150 Made of Gold, Silver, or other Precious e. Article 165 – Selling of False or Mutilated Metals or their Alloys...................................161 Coin, without Connivance.......................... 150 d. [REPEALED] Article 188 – Substituting f. Article 166 – Forging Treasury or Bank and Altering Trade-marks and Trade-names Notes or Other Documents Payable to.........................................................................162 Bearer; Importing and Uttering Such False or e. [REPEALED] Article 189 – Unfair Forged Notes and Documents................... 151 Competition and Fraudulent Registration of g. Article 167 – Counterfeiting, Importing, Trade-mark or Trade-name.........................162 and Uttering Instruments Not Payable to Bearer............................................................. 152 E. CRIMES RELATIVE TO OPIUM AND h. Article 168 – Illegal Possession and Use of OTHER PROHIBITED DRUGS.............. 162 False Treasury or Bank Notes and Other 1. Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of Instruments of Credit.................................. 152 2002 [RA 9165, as amended by R.A. 10640; i. Article 169 – How Forgery is Committed Section 21 of the Implementing Rules and......................................................................... 152 Regulations (IRR) only]....................................162 j. Article 170 – Falsification of Legislative F. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS Documents.................................................... 152 [ARTS. 200-202].......................................... 169 k. Article 171 – Falsification by Public 1. Chapter I: Gambling and Betting...............169 Officer, Employee or Notary or Ecclesiastical a. P.D. 1602 (Anti-Gambling Law) as Minister.......................................................... 153 amended by R.A. 9287 (Anti-Illegal Numbers l. Article 172 – Falsification by Private Games Law)...................................................169 Individual and Use of Falsified Documents b. Article 199 – Illegal Cockfighting [amended......................................................................... 155 by P.D. 449]...................................................170 m. Article 173 – Falsification of Wireless, c. R.A. 9287: Increasing the Penalty for Illegal Cable, Telegraph and Telephone Messages, Numbers Games...........................................171 and Use of Said Falsified Messages........... 156 d. Article 196 – Importation, Sale and n. Article 174 – False Medical Certificates, Possession of Lottery Tickets and False Certificates of Merits of Service, Etc. Advertisements..............................................172......................................................................... 157 e. Article 197 – Betting in Sports Contests o. Article 175 – Using False Certificates... 157 (Repealed by P.D. 4834)..............................172 00007CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY f. P.D. 4834 - Penalizing Betting, Game d. Article 220 – Illegal Use of Public Funds or Fixing or Point-Shaving and Machinations in Property..........................................................188 Sport Contests............................................... 172 d. Article 221 - Failure to Make Delivery of g. Article 198 – Illegal Betting On Horse Public Funds or Property............................189 Races [Repealed by Act No. 309, as amended e. Article 222 - Officers Included in the by R.A. 983]................................................... 173 Preceding Provisions....................................189 h. Article 199 – Illegal Cockfighting [amended 5. Chapter 5: Infidelity of Public Officers.....190 by P.D. 449]................................................... 173 a. Article 223 – Conniving With or 2. Chapter II: Offenses Against Decency and Consenting to Evasion.................................190 Good Customs.................................................. 174 b. Article 224 – Evasion through Negligence a. Article 200 – Grave Scandal................... 174.........................................................................190 b. Article 201 – Immoral Doctrines, Obscene c. Article 225 – Escape of Prisoner under the Publications and Exhibitions and Indecent Custody of a Person Not a Public Officer191 Shows (as amended by PD 960 and 969). 174 d. Article 226 – Removal, Concealment, or c. Article 202 – Vagrants and Prostitutes Destruction of Documents.........................191 [REPEALED]............................................... 175 e. Article 227 – Officer Breaking Seal.......192 f. Article 228 – Opening of Closed G. CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC Documents....................................................192 OFFICERS [ARTS. 203-245]...................... 176 g. Article 229 – Revelation of Secrets by an 1. Chapter 1: Preliminary Provisions............. 176 Officer............................................................192 a. Article 203 – Who Are Public Officers. 176 h. Article 230 – Public Officers Revealing 2. Chapter 2: Malfeasance and Misfeasance in Secrets of Private Individuals......................193 Office.................................................................. 176 6. Chapter 6: Other Offenses or Irregularities by a. Article 204 – Knowingly Rendering Unjust Public Officers...................................................193 Judgment; and............................................... 177 a. Article 231 – Open Disobedience..........193 b. Article 205 – Judgment Rendered Through b. Article 232 – Disobedience to the Order of Negligence..................................................... 177 Superior Officer When Said Order Was c. Article 206 – Unjust Interlocutory Order Suspended by Inferior Officer....................193......................................................................... 178 c. Article 233 – Refusal of Assistance........194 d. Article 207 – Malicious Delay in the d. Article 234 – Refusal to Discharge Elective Administration of Justice............................ 178 Office..............................................................194 e. Article 208 – Prosecution of Offenses; e. Article 235 – Maltreatment of Prisoners Negligence and Tolerance........................... 178.........................................................................194 f. Article 209 – Betrayal of Trust by an f. Article 236 – Anticipation of Duties of a Attorney or a Solicitor – Revelation of Secrets Public Officer................................................195......................................................................... 179 g. Article 237 – Prolonging Performance of g. Article 210 – Direct Bribery................... 179 Duties and Powers........................................196 h. Article 211 – Indirect Bribery................ 181 h. Article 238 – Abandonment of Office or i. Article 211-A – Qualified Bribery........... 182 Position...........................................................196 j. Article 212 – Corruption of Public Officials i. Article 239 – Usurpation of Legislative......................................................................... 182 Powers............................................................196 3. Chapter 3: Frauds and Illegal Exactions and j. Article 240 – Usurpation of Executive Transactions....................................................... 184 Functions.......................................................197 a. Article 213 – Fraud Against the Public k. Article 241 – Usurpation of Judicial Treasury and Similar Offenses................... 184 Functions.......................................................197 b. Article 214 – Other Frauds.................... 185 l. Article 242 – Disobeying Request for c. Art. 215 – Prohibited Transactions....... 185 Disqualification.............................................197 d. Article 216 – Possession of Prohibited m. Article 243 – Orders or Request by Interest by a Public Officer......................... 186 Executive Officer to Any Judicial Authority 4. Chapter 4: Malversation of Public Funds or.........................................................................197 Property.............................................................. 186 n. Article 244 – Unlawful Appointments..197 a. Article 217 – Malversation of Public Funds o. Article 245 – Abuses Against Chastity..197 or Property - Presumption of Malversation 7. Chapter 7: Special Penal Laws....................198......................................................................... 186 a. Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (R.A. b. Article 218 – Failure of Accountable 3019, as amended)........................................198 Officer to Render Accounts....................... 188 b. Anti-Plunder Act (R.A. 7080, as amended c. Article 219 – Failure of a Responsible by R.A. 7659).................................................202 Public Officer to Render Accounts Before 00008CRIM Leaving the Country..................................... 188  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY c. Prohibition of Child Marriage Law (RA f. An Act Providing for Stronger Proteciton 11596)............................................................. 203 Against Rape and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, Increasing the Age for Determining H. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS [ARTS. the Commission of Statutory Rape (R.A. 246 - 266-D]..................................................204 11648).............................................................231 1. Chapter 1: Destruction of Life................... 204 a. Article 246 – Parricide............................. 204 I. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL b. Article 247 – Death or Physical Injuries LIBERTY AND SECURITY [ARTS. 267 - Under Exceptional Circumstances............ 204 292] 232 c. Article 248 - Murder................................ 205 1. Chapter 1: Crimes Against Liberty.............232 d. Article 249 – Homicide........................... 206 a. Article 267 - Kidnapping and Serious Illegal e. Article 250 - Penalty for Frustrated Detention.......................................................232 Parricide, Murder or Homicide.................. 206 b. Article 268 - Slight Illegal Detention.....233 f. Article 251 - Death Caused in Tumultuous c. Article 269 - Unlawful Arrest..................233 Affray.............................................................. 207 d. Article 270 - Kidnapping and Failure to g. Article 252 - Physical Injuries Caused in Return a Minor..............................................234 Tumultuous Affray....................................... 207 e. Article 271 - Inducing a Minor to Abandon h. Article 253 - Giving Assistance to Suicide His Home.......................................................235......................................................................... 207 f. Article 272 - Slavery..................................235 i. Article 254 - Discharge of Firearms....... 208 g. Article 273 - Exploitation of Child Labor j. Article 255 – Infanticide........................... 209.........................................................................235 k. Article 256 - Intentional Abortion......... 209 h. Article 274 - Services Rendered Under l. Article 257 - Unintentional Abortion..... 210 Compulsion in Payment of Debt...............235 m. Article 258 - Abortion Practiced by the 2. Chapter 2: Crimes Against Security............236 Woman Herself or by Parents.................... 210 a. Article 275 - Abandonment of Persons in n. Article 259 - Abortion by a Physician or Danger and Abandonment of Own Victim Midwife and Dispensing of Abortives...... 211.........................................................................236 o. Article 260 - Responsibility of Participants b. Article 276 - Abandoning a Minor........236 in a Duel......................................................... 211 c. Article 277 - Abandonment of Minor by p. Article 261 - Challenging to a Duel....... 212 Person Entrusted With Custody; Indifference 2. Chapter 2: Physical Injuries......................... 212 of Parents.......................................................237 a. Article 262 – Mutilation........................... 212 d. Article 278 - Exploitation of Minors.....237 b. Article 263 - Serious Physical Injuries.. 212 e. Article 279 – Additional Penalties for Other c. Article 264 - Administering Injurious Offenses.........................................................238 Substances or Beverages.............................. 214 f. Article 280 - Qualified Trespass to Dwelling d. Article 265 - Less Serious Physical Injuries.........................................................................238......................................................................... 214 g. Article 281 - Other Forms of Trespass.240 e. Article 266 - Slight Physical Injuries and h. Article 282 - Grave Threats....................240 Maltreatment................................................. 214 i. Article 283 - Light Threats.......................241 3. Chapter 3: Rape............................................. 215 j. Article 284 - Bond for Good Behavior..242 a. Article 266-A – Rape (as amended by R.A. k. Article 285 – Other Light Threats.........242 8353 and R.A. 11648).................................. 215 l. Article 286 - Grave Coercions.................242 b. Article 266 - B - Qualified Rape............ 220 m. Article 287 - Light Coercions................243 c. Article 266 - C - Effect of Pardon......... 220 n. Article 288 - Other Similar Coercions..244 d. Article 266-D - Presumptions................ 220 n. Article 289 - Formation, Maintenance, and 4. Chapter 4: Special Penal Laws.................... 221 Prohibition of Combination of Capital or a. Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 Labor through Violence or Threats (repealed (R.A. 9208, as amended by R.A. 11862)... 221 by Labor Code).............................................244 b. Anti-Violence Against Women and Their 3. Chapter 3: Discovery and Revelation of Children Act of 2004 (R.A. 9262).............. 225 Secrets.................................................................244 Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 (R.A. a. Article 290 - Discovering Secrets through 9775)............................................................... 228 Seizure of Correspondence.........................244 d. Special Protection of Children Against b. Article 291 - Revealing Secrets with Abuse Child Abuse, Exploitation, and of Office.........................................................245 Discrimination Act (R.A. 7610, as amended) c. Article 292 - Revelation of Industrial......................................................................... 229 Secrets.............................................................245 e. Prohibition of Child Marriage Law (R.A. 4. Chapter 4: Special Penal Law......................246 11596)............................................................. 230 a. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (R.A. 10175).............................................................246 00009CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY J. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY...........246 d. Article 318 - Other Deceits.....................269 1. Chapter I: Robbery in General................... 246 e. P.D. 1689 – Syndicated Estafa...............269 a. Article 293 – Who Are Guilty of Robbery 7. Chapter VII: Chattel Mortgage...................269......................................................................... 246 a. Article 319 - Removal, Sale, or Pledge of b. Article 294 – Robbery with Violence or Mortgaged Property.....................................269 Intimidation of Persons............................... 248 8. Chapter VIII: Arson and Other Crimes c. Art. 295 – Robbery with Physical Injuries Involving Destruction......................................269 Committed in an Uninhabited Place and by a a. Articles 320-326B (Repealed by P.D. 1613, Band or With the Use of a Firearm on a Street, as amended by R.A. 7659)...........................269 Road or Alley................................................ 251 9. Chapter IX – Malicious Mischief...............272 d. Art. 296 - Definition of a Band and Penalty a. Art. 327 - Who are Liable for Malicious Incurred by the Members thereof.............. 251 Mischief..........................................................272 e. Article 297 – Attempted and Frustrated b. Art. 328 - Special Cases of Malicious Robbery Committed under Circumstances Mischief..........................................................272......................................................................... 252 c. Art. 329 - Other Mischiefs......................273 f. Article 298 – Execution of Deeds by Means d. Art. 330 - Damage and Obstruction to of Violence or Intimidation........................ 253 Means of Communication...........................273 g. Article 299 – Robbery in an Inhabited e. Art. 331 - Destroying or Damaging Statues, House/Public Building or Edifice Devoted to Public Monuments or Paintings.................273 Worship.......................................................... 253 10. Chapter X – Exemption from Criminal h. Article 300 - Robbery in an Uninhabited Liability Against Property................................273 Place and by a Band..................................... 254 a. Art. 332 - Persons Exempt from Criminal i. Article 301 - What is an Inhabited House, Liability...........................................................273 Public Building or Building Dedicated to 11. Chapter XI – Special Penal Laws.............274 Religious Worship and Their Dependencies a. Anti-Fencing Law (P.D. 1612)................274......................................................................... 254 K. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY [ARTS. j. Article 302 - Robbery in an Uninhabited 333 - 346]...................................................... 274 Place or in a Private Building...................... 255 1. Chapter 1: Adultery and Concubinage.......274 k. Article 303 - Robbery of Cereals, Fruits, or a. Article 333 - Adultery...............................274 Firewood in an Uninhabited Place or Private b. Article 334 - Concubinage......................276 Building.......................................................... 255 2. Chapter 2: Rape and Acts of Lasciviousness l. Article 304 - Possession of Picklocks or..............................................................................276 Similar Tools................................................. 255 a. Article 335 - When and How Rape is m. Article 305 - False Keys......................... 256 Committed (repealed by R.A. 8353)..........276 2. Chapter II: Brigandage................................. 256 b. Article 336 - Acts of Lasciviousness.....277 a. P.D. 532: Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway 3. Chapter 3 – Seduction, Corruption of Minors Robbery Law of 1974.................................. 256 and White Slave Trade......................................278 b. Article 306 – Brigandage......................... 256 a. Article 337 - Qualified Seduction...........278 c. Article 307 - Aiding and Abetting a Band of b. Article 338 - Simple Seduction...............279 Brigands......................................................... 257 c. Article 339 - Acts of Lasciviousness with 3. Chapter III: Theft......................................... 257 the Consent of the Offended Party...........280 a. Article 308 - Who are Liable for Theft. 257 d. Article 340 - Corruption of Minors (as b. Article 309 - Penalties.............................. 259 amended by B.P. Blg. 92)............................281 c. Article 310 - Qualified Theft.................. 259 e. Article 341 - White Slave Trade..............281 d. Article 311 - Theft of Property of the 4. Chapter 4: Abduction...................................282 National Library and National Museum... 260 a. Article 342 - Forcible Abduction...........282 4. Chapter IV: Usurpation............................... 260 b. Article 343 - Consented Abduction.......283 a. Article 312 – Occupation of Real Property 5. Chapter 5: Provisions Relating to the or Usurpation of Real Rights in Property. 260 Preceding Chapters of Title XI.......................283 b. Article 313 - Altering Boundaries or a. Article 344 - Prosecution of Private Landmarks..................................................... 261 Offenses.........................................................283 5. Chapter V: Culpable Insolvency................. 261 b. Article 345 - Civil Liability of Persons a. Article 314 - Fraudulent Insolvency...... 261 Guilty of Crimes Against Chastity.............284 6. Chapter VI: Swindling and Other Deceits 261 c. Article 346 – Liability of Ascendants, a. Article 315 - Swindling or Estafa........... 261 Guardians, Teachers and Other Persons b. Article 316 - Other Forms of Swindling Entrusted with the Custody of the Offended......................................................................... 267 Party................................................................285 c. Article 317 - Swindling a Minor............. 269 6. Chapter 6: Special Penal Laws....................285 00010CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY a. Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of a. Article 353 - Libel.....................................293 2009 (Secs. 3 and 4, R.A. 9995).................. 285 b. Article 354 - Requirement for Publicity 295 b. Special Protection of Children Against c. Article 355 - Libel By Means of Writings or Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Similar Means................................................298 Discrimination Act (Secs. 3(a), 5 and 10, R.A. d. Article 356 - Threatening to Publish and 7610)............................................................... 287 Offer to Prevent such Publication for a Compensation...............................................298 L. CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL STATUS e. Article 357 - Prohibited Publication of Acts OF PERSONS [ARTS. 347 - 352]...............290 Referred to in the Course of Official 1. Chapter 1: Simulation of Births and Proceedings....................................................298 Usurpation of Civil Status................................ 290 f. Article 358 - Slander.................................299 a. Article 347 - Simulation of Births, g. Article 359 - Slander by Deed.................299 Substitution of One Child for Another, and h. Art. 360 - Persons Responsible for Libel Concealment or Abandonment of a.........................................................................300 Legitimate Child............................................ 290 i. Art. 361 - Proof of Truth.........................301 b. Article 348 - Usurpation of Civil Status291 j. Art. 362 - Libelous Remarks....................301 2. Chapter 2: Illegal Marriages......................... 291 2. Chapter 2: Incriminatory Machinations...302 a. Article 349 – Bigamy................................ 291 a. Art. 363 - Incriminating Innocent Persons b. Article 350 - Marriage Contracted against.........................................................................302 Provisions of Laws....................................... 293 b. Art. 364 - Intriguing Against Honor.....302 c. Article 351 - Premature Marriage (Repealed c. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (R.A. by R.A. 10655).............................................. 293 10175) - Libel [Sec. 4 (c)(4)]........................302 d. Article 352 - Performance of Illegal Marriage Ceremony...................................... 293 N. Criminal Negligence or Quasi-Offenses (Article 365)................................................. 304 M. CRIMES AGAINST HONOR [ARTS. 353 a. Article 365 - Criminal Negligence..........304 - 364] 293 1. Chapter 1: Libel............................................. 293 00011CRIM  FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW I CRIMINAL LAW 00012CRIM  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW Mala in Se Mala I. Book I [Articles 1-99 of (“Evil in Itself”) Prohibita (“Prohibited the Revised Penal Code] Evil”) Art. 220 (RPC) (technical malversation) of RPC is A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES malum prohibitum [Ysidoro v. 1. Mala In Se and Mala Prohibita People, 685 SCRA 637 Mala in Se Mala (2012)]. (“Evil in Prohibita Valid defense General Itself”) (“Prohibited Rule: Not a Evil”) valid defense A crime or an An act that is [People v. act that is considered a Neri, G.R. No. inherently crime L-37762 immoral, such because it is (1985)]. as murder, prohibited by Exceptions: arson, or rape statute, 1. Civilian Definition [Black’s Law although the guards acting Dictionary, 9th act itself is not in good faith ed.]. necessarily in carrying immoral firearms with [Black’s Law no intention of Dictionary, 9th committing an ed.]. offense were General Rule: Special Laws able to claim RPC lack of intent As to Use as a defense Exception: A of Good [See People crime is mala in Faith as a v. Estoista, se, even if Defense G.R. No. L- punishable 5793 (1953)]. under a special law, when the 2. Accused acts are has a pending As to inherently application for Laws immoral (e.g., permanent Violated plunder) permit to [Estrada v. possess a Sandiganbayan firearm , G.R. No. [People v. 148560 (2001); Mallari, G.R. Garcia v. Court No. L-58886 of Appeals, 484 (1988)]. SCRA 617 (2006)] 3. The act complained Exception: of, dagdag 00013CRIM Page 1 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW Mala in Se Mala Mala in Se Mala (“Evil in Prohibita (“Evil in Prohibita Itself”) (“Prohibited Itself”) (“Prohibited Evil”) Evil”) bawas, is 93028 cheating and (1994)]. inherently Mala in Se Mala immoral (“Evil in Prohibita [Garcia v. Itself”) (“Prohibited Court of Evil”) Appeals, 484 Degree of Degree of SCRA 617 As to participation of participation (2006)]. Degree of each offender of each Participati is taken into offender is not Criminal intent Criminal intent on account. taken into As to is necessary. is not account and Criminal [See People v. necessary. *Presuppo all who Intent as Pacana, G.R. [U.S v. Go ses more participated in an No. 22642- Chico, G.R. than one the act are Element 22644 (1924)] No. 4963 (1) punished to (1909)] offender the same Taken into Not taken into extent. account in account; the Principal, Only the As to determining the act is accomplice & principal is Degree of penalty to be punishable accessory. liable. Accompli imposed. only when Penalty is shment consummated computed Penalty of As to. based whether offenders is Persons Taken into Not taken into he is a principal the same Criminally account in account in offender or whether they Liable determining the determining merely an acted as mere imposable the imposable accomplice or accomplices penalty. penalty, accessory. or unless accessories. provided for by special There are three No stages of law. As to stages: execution. As to Stages of attempted, Effect of Exception: Execution frustrated & Mitigating When the consummated. and special law Penalties may There is no Aggravati uses the be divided into such division ng nomenclature degrees and of penalties. Circumsta of the periods. nces penalties in Exception: As to the RPC or When the Division when it uses special law of the duration of uses the Penalties the penalties nomenclature defined in the of the RPC [People penalties in v. Simon, the RPC or G.R. No. when it uses 00014CRIM Page 2 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW Mala in Se Mala under Philippine (“Evil in Prohibita laws. Itself”) (“Prohibited Crime is The Philippines has Evil”) punishable under primary but the duration of both US and concurrent the penalties Philippine laws. jurisdiction with the defined in the US. RPC [People v. Simon, Rules on Concurrent Jurisdiction [Art. V (3), G.R. No. VFA] 93028 General Rule: Philippine authorities shall have (1994)]. the primary right to exercise jurisdiction over offenses committed by United States personnel. 2. Scope and Characteristics Exceptions: a. Generality 1. If the offense was committed solely against the property or security of the General Rule: United States. Penal laws are obligatory on all persons who 2. If the offense was solely against the live or sojourn in Philippine territory, regardless property or person of United States of nationality, gender, or other personal personnel. circumstances, subject to the principles of 3. If the offense arose out of any act or public international law and to treaty omission done in performance of official stipulations [Art. 14, NCC]. duty. Exceptions: Note: The authorities of the Philippines and the a. Treaty Stipulations United States shall notify each other of the b. Laws of Preferential Application disposition of all cases in which both the c. Principles of Public International Law authorities of the Philippines and the United d. Warship Rule States have the right to exercise jurisdiction. Treaty Stipulations [Art. 2, RPC and 14, Offenses Relating to Security for purposes NCC] of the VFA [Art. V (2)(c), VFA] 1. Treason The Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA), which 2. Sabotage was signed on Feb. 10, 1998, and came into 3. Espionage force on June 1, 1999, is an agreement 4. Violation of any law relating to national between the Philippine and US Government defense regarding the treatment of US Armed Forces visiting the Philippines [See Bayan v. Zamora, Waiver of Jurisdiction G.R. No. 138570 (2000)]. The authorities of either government may request the authorities of the other government Rules on Jurisdiction under the VFA to waive their primary right to exercise Crime Jurisdiction jurisdiction in a particular case. Crime is The Philippines has punishable under exclusive General Rule: Philippine authorities will, upon Philippine laws, but jurisdiction. request by the United States, waive their not under US laws. primary right to exercise jurisdiction. Crime is The US has punishable under exclusive Exceptions: In cases of particular importance US laws, but not jurisdiction. to the Philippines, for example, crimes punishable under: 00015CRIM Page 3 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW 1. R.A. 7659 (Heinous crimes) provide similar protection to our diplomatic 2. R.A. 7610 (Child Abuse cases) representatives [Sec. 7, R.A. 75]. 3. R.A. 9165 (Dangerous Drugs cases) Principles of Public International Law Laws of Preferential Application [Art. 2, RPC] Who are Exempt [SCAMMP] 1. Sovereigns and other heads of state R.A. 75 penalizes acts which would impair the 2. Charges d’ affaires proper observance by the Republic and 3. Ambassadors inhabitants of the Philippines of the immunities, 4. Ministers rights, and privileges of duly accredited foreign 5. Minister resident diplomatic representatives in the Philippines. 6. Plenipotentiary [Art. 14, Vienna Rules on Jurisdiction [Secs. 4 to 5, R.A. 75] Convention on Diplomatic Relations] General Rule: The following persons are Who are Not Exempt [CVC] exempt from arrest and imprisonment, and 1. Consuls their properties exempt from distraint, seizure 2. Vice-consuls and attachment [AMS]: 3. Other Commercial representatives of 1. Ambassadors foreign nations who do not possess 2. Public Ministers such status and cannot claim the 3. Domestic Servants of ambassadors or privileges and immunities accorded to ministers ambassadors and ministers [Sec. 249, Wheaton, International Law]. Exceptions: If the writ or process sued out or prosecuted is [PhDs]: Condition for Immunity to Apply 1. Against a person who is a citizen or Diplomatic immunity only applies when the inhabitant of the Philippines, diplomatic officer is engaged in the provided: performance of his official functions [Minucher a. The person is in the service of v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142396 (2003)]. an ambassador or a public minister; and Warship Rule b. Process is founded upon a debt contracted before he A warship of another country, even though entered upon such service. docked in the Philippines, is considered an extension of the territory of its respective 2. Against the Domestic Servant of an country [Art. 27, United Nations Convention on ambassador or a public minister, the Laws of the Sea]. provided: a. The name of the servant has b. Territoriality been registered in the Department of Foreign Affairs General Rule: (DFA), and transmitted by the Penal laws of the country have force and effect Secretary of Foreign Affairs to only within its territory. It cannot penalize the Chief of Police of the City of crimes committed outside its territory. Manila; but b. The registration was only Scope of Territory made after the writ or process The territory of the country is not limited to the has been issued or land where its sovereignty resides but also commenced. includes its maritime and interior waters as well as its atmosphere [Art. 2, RPC]. Note: R.A. No. 75 is not applicable when the foreign country adversely affected does not Theory on Aerial Jurisdiction – Absolute Theory 00016CRIM Page 4 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW The subjacent state has complete jurisdiction a merchant vessel if they disturb the order of over the atmosphere above it subject only to the country [US v. Bull, G.R. No. 5270 (1910)]. the innocent passage by aircraft of a foreign country. Foreign Warships are reputed to be the territory of the country to which they belong and If the crime is committed in an aircraft, no are not subject to the laws of another state [US matter how high, as long as it is within the v. Fowler, G.R. No. 496 (1902)]. Philippine atmosphere, Philippine criminal law Nationality of Vessel – determined by will govern. The Philippines has complete and the country of registry and not its exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above ownership. its territory [Art. 1, Convention on International Example: A Filipino-owned vessel Civil Aviation]. registered in China must fly the Chinese flag. Exceptions [SCIONS] [Art. 2, RPC]: a. Crimes committed while on a Philippine Forging/Counterfeiting of Coins or Ship or airship Currency Notes in the Philippines [Art. b. Forging/Counterfeiting of Coins or 2 (2), RPC] Currency Notes in the Philippines c. Introduction of obligations and Forgery securities [those mentioned in b] into Committed by giving a treasury or bank note or the country any instrument payable to bearer or to order d. Offenses committed by public officers the appearance of a true genuine document or or employees in the exercise of their by erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or functions altering, by any means, the figures, letters, e. Crimes against National Security and words, or signs contained therein [Art. 169, the law of nations, defined in Title One RPC]. of Book Two of this Code Introduction of Forged or Counterfeited Crimes committed aboard a Philippine Obligations and Securities in the ship or airship [Art. 2 (1), RPC] Country [Art. 2 (3), RPC] Requisites: Those who introduced the counterfeit items are 1. Crime is committed while the ship is criminally liable even if they were not the ones treading in: who counterfeited the obligations and a. Philippine waters securities. On the other hand, those who (intraterritorial), or counterfeited the items are criminally liable b. The high seas (extraterritorial). even if they did not introduce the counterfeit 2. The ship or airship must not be within items. the territorial jurisdiction of another country. When Public Officers or Employees 3. The ship or airship must be registered Commit an Offense in the Exercise of in the Philippines under Philippine laws [US v. Fowler, G.R. No. 496 (1902)]. their Functions [Art. 2 (4), RPC] Difference between jurisdiction of Merchant Crimes committed in the exercise of their Vessels and Foreign Warships Merchant functions Vessels (applying English Rule) 1. Direct bribery [Art. 210] Acts committed on a merchant vessel within 2. Qualified Bribery [Art. 211-A] the territorial limits of the Philippines are 3. Indirect bribery [Art. 211] subject to Philippine penal laws if they breach 4. Corruption [Art. 212] public order [People v. Wong Cheng, G.R. No. 5. Frauds against the public treasury [Art. L-18924 (1922)] and local courts are not 213] deprived of jurisdiction over offenses on board 6. Possession of prohibited interest [Art. 216] 00017CRIM Page 5 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW 7. Malversation of public funds or 1. Filipino Citizens or Nationals property [Art. 217] Who commit any of the acts defined 8. Failure to render accounts [Art. 218] and penalized under Sec. 4–12 of this 9. Illegal use of public funds or property Act Outside the territorial jurisdiction of [Art. 220] the Philippines; 10. Failure to make delivery of public funds or property [Art. 221] 2. Individual Persons, although 11. Falsification by a public officer or physically outside the territorial employee by abuse of his official limits of the Philippines – who position [Art. 171] commit any of the said crimes: 12. Crimes committed in relation to the Inside the Territorial limits of performance of a public officer or the Philippines; employee of his/her duties in a foreign On board Philippine Ship or country. Philippine airship; Within any Embassy, Embassy consulate, or diplomatic Embassy grounds are considered as premises belonging to or extensions of the sovereignty of the country occupied by the Philippine occupying them [Minucher v. Court of Appeals, government in an official G.R. No. 142396 (2003)]. capacity; Against Philippine Citizens or Crimes against National Security and persons of Philippine descent, the Law of Nations [Art. 2 (5), RPC] where their citizenship or ethnicity was a factor in the Crimes against national security commission of the crime; and 1. Treason [Art. 114] Directly against the Philippine 2. Conspiracy and proposal to commit Government. treason [Art. 115] 3. Misprision of treason [Art. 116] Specific Rule for Aliens: 4. Espionage [Art. 117] If the individual who committed said crimes 5. Terrorism [R.A. 11479] outside the territorial limits of the Philippines is neither a citizen nor a national, the Philippines Crimes against the law of nations shall exercise jurisdiction only when such 1. Inciting to war or giving motives for individual enters or is inside the territory of the reprisals [Art.118] Philippines. 2. Violation of neutrality [Art. 119] 3. Correspondence with hostile country In the absence of any request for extradition or [Art. 120] denial thereof, from the State where the crime 4. Flight to enemy’s country [Art.121] was committed or where such alien was a 5. Piracy in general and mutiny on the citizen or national, the Anti-Terrorism Council high seas or in Philippine waters [Art. (ATC) shall refer the case to the: 122] 1. Bureau of Immigration (BI) for 6. Terrorism [R.A. 11479] deportation; or 2. Department of Justice (DOJ) for Note: Crimes against public order (e.g., prosecution...in the same manner as if rebellion, coup d’état, sedition) committed the act constituting the offense had abroad is under the jurisdiction of the host been committed in the Philippines country. [Sec. 49, RA No. 11479]. ANTI-TERRORISM ACT OF 2020 Repealed the Human Security Act of 2007. Sec. 49 of the Anti-Terror Law now provides that extraterritoriality shall apply to [OTSECG]: 00018CRIM Page 6 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW c. Prospectivity [Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096 (1999)]. No felony shall be punishable by any penalty not prescribed by law prior to its commission What are Considered Ex Post Facto laws [Art. 21, RPC]. [Lacson v. Executive Secretary, supra] Makes criminal an action done before the Without prejudice to Art. 22, felonies and passage of the law which was innocent misdemeanors, committed prior to the when done, and punishes such action. effectivity of the RPC, shall be punished in Aggravates a crime or makes it greater accordance with the Code or Acts in force at than when it was committed. the time of their commission [Art. 366, RPC]. Changes the punishment and inflicts a greater punishment than the law annexed 3. Pro Reo Principle to the crime when it was committed. Alters the legal rules of evidence and receives less or different testimony than Applicability of Principle the law required at the time of the Penal statutes should be strictly construed commission of the offense in order to against the State only when the law is convict the defendant [Mekin v. Wolfe, G.R. ambiguous and there is doubt regarding its No. 1251 (1903)]. interpretation. Where the law is clear and Assumes to regulate civil rights and unambiguous, there is no room for the rule to remedies only but in effect imposes a apply. [People v. Gatchalian, G.R. No. L- penalty or deprivation of a right which when 12011-14 (1958)] done was lawful. Deprives a person accused of a crime of Cf. Rule of Lenity some lawful protection of a former Between two potential interpretations of a conviction or acquittal, or a proclamation of penal law, one prejudicial and another amnesty [In re Kay Villegas Kami, G.R. No. favorable, the one more lenient to the accused L-32485 (1970)]. must be adopted. [Ient v. Tullett, G.R. No. 189158 (2017)] Characteristics of an ex post facto law (CReP) Basis: All doubts shall be construed in favor of 1. Refer to Criminal matters; the accused and on the presumption of his 2. Be Retroactive in its application; innocence [Art. III, Sec. 14(2), 1987 3. To the Prejudice of the accused. [Cruz, p. Constitution; See Intestate Estate of Manolita 591] Gonzales vda. de Carungcong, G.R. No. 181409 (2010)] The prohibition applies only to criminal or penal matters and not to laws which concern civil 4. Ex Post Facto Law matters or proceedings generally, or which affect or regulate civil or private rights Definition [Republic v. Vda. de Fernandez, G.R. No. L- An ex post facto law is one that would make a 9141 (1956)]. previous act criminal although it was not so at the time it was committed [CRUZ at 589]. [An] Ex post facto law, generally, prohibits retrospectivity of penal laws…Penal laws are Concept those acts of the Legislature which prohibit In general, ex post facto laws prohibit certain acts and establish penalties for their retrospectivity of penal laws. Moreover, the violations; or those that define crimes, treat of mode of procedure provided for in the right to their nature, and provide for their punishment appeal, which is statutory and not natural, is not [Lacson v. Executive Secretary, supra]. included in the prohibition against ex post facto laws. It does not mete out a penalty and, therefore, does not come within the prohibition 00019CRIM Page 7 of 305 UP Law Bar Operations Commission 2023  CRIMINAL LAW I FOR UP CANDIDATES ONLY CRIMINAL LAW Examples pronounced and the convict is serving the 1. In Bayot v. Sandiganbayan [G.R. Nos. same [Art. 22, RPC].