Lecture 1: Introduction and Importance of Agricultural Industry to the Country (PDF)

LECTURE 1 INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY TO THE COUNTRY  LEARNING OUTCOMES From this lecture, students are able to: – Understand the world agriculture civilization – Identify the major sectors in agriculture industry – Understand the rol...

LECTURE 1 INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY TO THE COUNTRY  LEARNING OUTCOMES From this lecture, students are able to: – Understand the world agriculture civilization – Identify the major sectors in agriculture industry – Understand the roles of agricultural agencies – Describing the importance of agriculture industry  INTRODUCTION AGRICULTURE is derived from Latin word: Agri Field Ager AGRICULTURE Culture Cultivation/ Cultura tillage of the soil The science or art of cultivation of the soil or the culture of plants or animals in the water systems and associated activities that may be required to produce, harvest and market useful crops and/or to raise animal for profit (Lewis, R. A. (2002). Crc dictionary of Agricultural Sciences. CRC Press.) Agriculture Sector in Malaysia ❑ This sector experienced positive growth that indicates the positive effect of the strategies outlined in the master plan ❑ The production of all agro-food commodities increased marginally due to low productivity. ❑ The production growth is smaller than the growth in demand. ❑ Malaysia still relies on the import of agro-food commodities from global markets.  NATIONAL AGRO-FOOD POLICY, 2021-2030 (2.0) (DAN 2.0 / NAP 2.0) ❑ The National Agrofood Policy 2021- 2030 (DAN 2.0 / NAP 2.0) was enacted as an effort to; ❑ drive economic growth, ❑ improve the well-being of the people ❑ prioritizing food security and nutrition  NATIONAL AGRO-FOOD POLICY, 2021-2030 (2.0) (DAN 2.0) ❑ Focuses on TWO main aspects: ❑ Food security - ensuring the availability of food supplies so that all people always have access to sufficient and nutritious food; and ❑ Economic growth and the contribution of the Agrofood sector to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as well as increasing the income level of food producers to ensure their well-being. ❑ Focuses to 4 sub-sectors including paddy and rice-based products, fruits and vegetables, livestock, and fisheries and aquaculture Agriculture Sector in Malaysia ❑ the value-added contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP has shrunk ❑ the transition in this sector to other economic activities  Agriculture Sector in Malaysia ❑ Rice, vegetables and chicken/duck eggs experienced Self-Sufficient Level of an increase in SSL. Agro-food Commodities ❑ Other major agro-food commodities experienced a reduction. ❑ Poultry meat and poultry eggs managed to remain above 100.00% SSL from 2010 to 2020. ❑ The SSL of fresh milk decreased dramatically by 37.35% in 2020 compared to 2010 due to the increase in consumption. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN GENERAL  A transition from low-tech mechanization to high- tech mechanization.  Low tech High tech Replaced or supported the Support or replace human mechanical functionalities of the functionalities and capabilities human. Replaces and supports only in More flexible with respect to the relatively simple tasks and does not task(s) to perform have much flexibility A human operator is still in charge Contains a considerable amount of supervision of the operation and software-based ‘Artificial maintaining safety Intelligence Does not contain much electronics, based on a mix of mechanics and sensors, or software, nor, if you will, electronics, or so-called ‘intelligence’. ‘mechatronics’ or robotics Tractors, ploughs, seeders, Autonomous tractors planters, and harvesters Autonomous harvesting Low Technology High Technology Practices in agriculture can be broadly categorized into: Subsistence Commercialized Subsistence Commercialized Farming Farming ing arming Subsistence Farming Production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer and their family. Mostly found in less developed countries.  Subsistence Farming Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Most abundant type of agriculture practiced around the world. Highly labor-intensive. Limited space and limited waste. East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia where population densities are high, and land use is limited. Subsistence Farming Shifting Cultivation Farmers shift around to new locations every few years to farm new land. Common method of farming in the first agricultural revolution. Two processes in shifting cultivation; slash-and-burn agriculture. grow crops on the cleared land for 2-3 years until the soil is depleted of its nutrients. Commercialized Farming Primary objective is to make a profit. Produce food for sale in the global marketplace called agribusiness. Rarely sold directly to the consumer; old to a food-processing company where it is processed into a product. Commercialized Farming Monoculture or combination of few crops. Used of high yielding, modern varieties or clones. Large chemical inputs (pesticides, fertilizers). Used of modern facilities, technology and dependent on machines for planting, crop maintenance and harvesting. Commercialized Farming Plantation Crops Aquaculture Livestock Farming Horticulture Food crops Livestock Crop Fisheries MAJOR SECTORS IN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY  CROPS The crop components divided into several important groups according to usage such as:  LIVESTOCK Livestock are domesticated animals reared for food. Livestock are normally grouped into three categories: Subsector of Fisheries Industry  Identify ministries, departments, and agencies involved in agriculture development in Malaysia and their ACTIVITY roles/functions. Share the information with your friends! ROLES OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ROLES OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT To achieve the objectives of the National Agriculture Policy, the government has set up ministries, departments and other agricultural agencies: – to hasten agricultural developments. – help farmers, smallholders, fishermen and livestock breeders. 27 Ministries involved in agriculture development Ministries Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Rural Agriculture and Plantation and and Regional Food Security Commodities Development Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS)  Ministry of Plantation and Commodities  Ministry of Rural and Regional Development  FARMERS’ ROLES to have bargaining power in relation to better price for their produce and wellbeing of the members. 32  FARMERS’ ROLES Some of these associations are: - Persatuan Peladang, at district and state levels. - Persatuan Pekebun-pekebun Kecil Malaysia. - Persatuan Penternak (cow, goat, chicken) - Dairy Farmers Association - Persatuan Nelayan - Koperasi Nelayan 33  CORPORATE AND ESTATE AGENCIES (PRIVATE AGENCIES) There are many corporate sectors and estate agencies involved in agriculture developments, especially in the cultivation and management of: – oil palm, – rubber, – cocoa, – fruit, – coconut and – related industries such as processing, manufacturing and export. 34  Amongst major corporate agencies are: Sime Darby (merged with Guthrie + Golden Hope) IOI FELDA and FGV Lembaga Tabung Haji Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera (LTAT) Borneo Samudera & SLDB (in Sabah) Others: Dunlop, Socfin, KL-Kepong etc. 35  SUMMARY: AGRICULTURE AGENCIES and POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS OF AGRIC GRADUATES. Universities AGRI Private sectors Gov’t Agencies Fig 1. The supporting government agencies, private sectors and universities involved in agriculture development. 36  IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY  1. Support Livelihood Agriculture can help reduce poverty, raise incomes and improve food security for 80% of the world's poor, who live in rural areas and work mainly in farming. It sustains village economy by generating food, employment and other related means of livelihood. Agriculture sector is the huge employment provider in rural areas. It provides employment to daily wage labours as well as skilled work force in fields as well as other agriculture related activities.  2. Providing Raw Materials Many raw materials derive from agriculture — from lumber for construction materials to herbs for adding flavor to food. – Corn, for example, is used to produce foods and serves as a foundation for ethanol, a type of fuel – Resins: plant products used in various industrial applications, such as adhesives, coatings, and paints used in construction.  3. Encouraging Economic Development Agriculture impacts global trade because it’s tied to other sectors of the economy, supporting job creation and encouraging economic development. Countries with strong agricultural sectors experience – employment growth in other sectors. – higher per capita incomes. – technology innovation and farm management practices to boost agricultural productivity and profitability.  How Is Agriculture Important? Agriculture also plays a central role in meeting consumer and business market demand in a world with interconnected economies. Here are different types of products derived from agriculture: ❑ Fruits and Vegetables ❑ Animal Feed ❑ Natural Rubber Production ❑ Cotton for Clothing ❑ Biofuels ❑ Industrial Products ❑ Pharmaceutical Products Importance of Agriculture in Everyday Life  Importance of Agriculture in Everyday Life Shelter. Wood and plant-based materials, such as bamboo, can be used for indoor décor and construction materials. Morning routine. Mint is often an ingredient in toothpaste, adding flavor while brushing your teeth, and the caffeine in coffee that keeps you awake is derived from the coffee bean. Dressing up. In addition to cotton, clothing can be manufactured from hemp, ramie, and flax. Bio-based materials can be used to produce grooming products such as skin creams and shampoos.  Importance of Agriculture in Everyday Life Cleaning. Two types of chemicals used in detergents, cleaning products, and bath or hand soap — surfactants and solvents — can be produced from biomass. Driving to work. Plants make it possible to get to and from work. Think of rubber (sourced from rubber trees) and biodiesel fuel, which often includes ethanol (sourced from corn). Entertainment. Paper from trees enables you to write, and some musical instruments, such as reed instruments, require materials made from plants. Education. From pencils (still often made of wood) to paper textbooks, students rely on agricultural products everyday. THE END