AGR 2350 Handout Swine Lecture 16 2025 PDF

Announcements Hot Topic #3 due next Tuesday Labs: No Labs – In-person next week Even: Meet at 2:30pm Odd: Meet at 4pm Pick-up midterm in lab next week Swine Production  Definitions Gilt Starter/Nursery Pig...

Announcements Hot Topic #3 due next Tuesday Labs: No Labs – In-person next week Even: Meet at 2:30pm Odd: Meet at 4pm Pick-up midterm in lab next week Swine Production  Definitions Gilt Starter/Nursery Pig Young female: until slaughter or first farrowing From weaning to approximately 25 kg Sow Reproducing Female Grower Pig Boar 25-60kg Reproducing Male Finisher Pig Barrow 60+ kg to market at 105-110 kg Castrated Male About 6 months old Nursing Pigs 1 kg at birth Hog Growing/Finishing pig Weaning age 2-5 weeks Weaner Pig Newly weaned ~3 wks old About 6 Kg Pork Production – Supply Chain Structure Pig Breeders Feeder Pig Unit Farrow to Finish Unit Grower Finisher Unit Pork Producers’ Marketing Board Dec 4, 2010 Slaughtering /Processing Plants Dec 4, 2010 Processing Plants Retailer More vertical Consumer integration  Canadian Pork Industry Free Market – Large price volatility – Heavily export dependent – No supply management Pork marketed through Provincial Pork Marketing boards (mostly) – Rule changed in 2010 Priced on “value” of 7 market cutouts – Rib, belly, butt, loin, picnic, ham, carcass www.pork.org  Swine Industry in Canada Farm cash receipts: $5.9 billion – 5.8% of total in 2023 Live exports $735.3 million – 6.75 million hogs 60% are weanling…to be finished in the US Pork exports $4.71 billion – 21.76 million hogs processed domestically – 2.29 million tonnes of pork https://agriculture.canada.ca/en/sector/animal-industry/red-meat-and-livestock-market-information/hogs-pork  2023-31% 2023-26% 2023-24% https://www.vitaplus.com/swine-performance/articles/overview-canadian-pork-industry-part-one#.We4gXhSnS-8 2021: 14.3 2022: 14.17 2023:13.9 million pigs 2021: 7,635 2022: 7,330 2023: 7,160 pig farms  H1N1 COOL = ? H1N1 = ?  Pre-ASF www.pork.org  Canada 3rd largest exporter of pork Exports about 2/3 of production www.pork.org ~1.30 Million Tonnes Exported = ~$4.82 billion in trade https://www.cpc-ccp.com/foreign-trade  Swine Industry- Caught in Political Crossfire? https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-once-a-success-story-canadas-pork-industry-faces-a-painful-reckoning/ Pig Production Cycle About 5-6 months of age  Yorkshire Yorkshire (Erect Ears) Landrace (Floppy Ears) Duroc Hampshire  Comparison Of Major Breeds Sow Productivity Rate & Efficiency of Carcass Merit Growth (low heritability trait) (medium to high (medium to high heritability trait) heritability trait) Yorkshire Landrace Hampshire Duroc Lacombe  ‘Typical’ Breeding Program Selection in pure breeds / lines of pigs Male x Female Grandparent Landrace Yorkshire Crossbred Sow (F1) x Terminal Sire (York, Hamp, Duroc or Cross) Crossbred (F2)  Pig Breeding Companies Specialize in maximizing genetic progress (using advanced technologies) and producing specific lines of healthy breeding pigs that can be used effectively in cross-breeding programs Best lines of gilts and boars and suggested cross- breeding program will vary with production facilities and market situations Compete favorably with on-farm selection of breeding stock Companies become increasingly multi-national, capitalizing on advanced technologies and large gene pools  Genetic Improvement Eg. # piglets per litter Langemeier, 20221 https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/home/resource/2021/02/long-term-trends-in-pigs-per-litter-2/  Reproduction Sows First estrus about 120kg body weight, target breeding at 2nd estrus ~150kg ~21 d estrus cycle Approximately 2.3 litters per year – 114-115 day gestation – 17-28 days of lactation Approx 5 litters per lifetime Approximately 9-12+ pigs born alive per litter Can range 6-24 piglets Re-breed 4-7 d after weaning  Signs of Estrus in Sows Swollen, red vulva – Mucous discharge https://www.thepigsite.com/news/2020/08/how-to-farm-pigs-breeding Stands to be mounted – By boar, pen-mates, or back pressure test Seeking boar – Increased vocalizations  Breeding using AI Cervical https://morningchores.com/ai-breeding-pigs/ Soriano-Ubeda et al., 2013 Post-Cervical  Reproduction Boars About 1 boar per 20 sows with natural breeding Much higher ratio with AI 85% of breeding is AI (teaser boars still used)  Teaser Boars Help with estrus detection Help stimulate sows to ovulate – Pheromones shown to increase reproductive performance (McGlone et al., 2019) https://www.pig333.com/articles/tips-for-heat-detection-in-gilts-and-sows_15469/  Reproduction Goals: Maximize number of pigs born alive Minimize pre-weaning mortality Increase longevity  Maximum Lifetime Efficiency Number of Number of Pigs weaned Litters per per Litter Year Reproductive Weaning Life Span # of Healthy Weight Pigs per Sow per Lifetime