W1L3 PDF - Traditional & Modern Memory Models
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Uploaded by FelicitousKazoo7765
University of Sydney
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Summary
These lecture notes cover various memory models including traditional and modern approaches to short-term and long-term memory, exploring capacity, forgetting rates, and coding types. They also discuss working memory, its components, and the concept of working memory capacity. The notes provide an overview of different memory types such as sensory memory (iconic and echoic), elaborating on duration and characteristics. This reading material further discusses the span of absolute judgment and channel capacity.
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# Traditional Approach to STM and LTM | Feature | STM (Short Term Memory) | LTM (Long Term Memory) | Notes | |---|---|---|---| | Capacity | Limited | Unlimited | If LTM is more massive, then STM is the only place we exist. | | Rate of forgetting | Decays within 20 secs if not rehearsed | Forgetting...
# Traditional Approach to STM and LTM | Feature | STM (Short Term Memory) | LTM (Long Term Memory) | Notes | |---|---|---|---| | Capacity | Limited | Unlimited | If LTM is more massive, then STM is the only place we exist. | | Rate of forgetting | Decays within 20 secs if not rehearsed | Forgetting due to interference rather than decay | We are about 100ms "behind reality". If you can't move a story in LTM then you are only "live a STM". | | Type of code | Phonological | Semantic | Clive Wearing: a man who only has STM; "a moment to moment conciousness". | ## Modern Version of Short Term Memory - Working memory - Central executive & episodic buffer - "Slave" systems - Phonological loop - Speed of speech impacts memory speed at language can impact this! - Visuo-spatial scratch pad # What is Memory? - Stored knowledge/active processes - Types of memory: - Iconic and echoic/sensory memory - Refered to as a sensory buffer - **Duration:** - Iconic: 80-200ms - Echoic: 2 seconds - Echoic memory lasts longer because it's less information. - Also because the nature of auditory information - Maybe it's language (needing to know entire language to make any sense of it) - **Short term memory:** - We will store things in sound (if we can convert them to serial position effects in short term memory). - Primacy transferred to LTM - Recency dumped # Working Memory - **Chunk:** A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit (i.e. a cell phone #) - Allows for expansion; you only need to have a capacity of 4 ± 1 in STM. - **Baddeley's Model of Working Memory (2001)** - Phonological loop - Central executive - Visuospatial Sketchpad - Episodic buffer - **Working memory capacity (WMC):** One's ability to hold and manipulate information in conscious attention # Long Term Memory - Long term memory (LTM): Unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time. - Flashbulb memories: Unusually vivid and detailed recollection of images usually in detailed, newsworthy events. # 31/8 WA Pre-Lecture 3 Reading - Limits on our capacity to process information - **Variance being applied to psychology:** - On making observations - More variance = more ignorant = more info learned from observation - Less variance = less ignorant = less info learned from observation - **Channel capacity:** The greatest amount of information that can be given by an observer in an absolute judgement test. - The span of absolute judgment and span of immediate memory impose several limitations on the amount of information we can actively remember. # Written Psychology Pages 279-282 - **Sensory input** -> **Sensory memory** -> **Attention** -> **Short term memory** -> **Rehearsal** -> **Storage** -> **Long term memory** - **Sensory Memory:** Preserves input in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only for a fraction of a second. - **Short-Term Memory:** AKA STM. Limited-capacity store that keeps un-rehearsed information for 10-20 seconds. - **Rehearsal:** The process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about the information
