Solid Waste Disposal PDF

L6 Solid waste Disposal  Introduction: growth of people, products and places lead to increase the quantities of solid wastes. Wastes from chemical industries need proper disposal due to its dangerous to the environment and living organism.  Concept and composition of solid...

L6 Solid waste Disposal  Introduction: growth of people, products and places lead to increase the quantities of solid wastes. Wastes from chemical industries need proper disposal due to its dangerous to the environment and living organism.  Concept and composition of solid wastes disposal :- The general sources of community wastes include household wastes, commercial wastes and industrial wastes. The term solid wastes are used to include all discarded solid materials.  Types of solid wastes (refuse):- 1. Domestic refuse: Usually consists of remaining of food, waste paper, cloths, bottles, dusts,. 2. Street refuse: Consists mainly of papers, food, commercial refuse around markets, hotels and other public places.  Types of solid wastes (refuse):- 3. Industrial refuse: Various according to the type of industry. Some of it may be dangerous and need special disposal. 4. Hospital refuse: Including hospitals, health centers and units, laboratories. It contains pathogenic materials which may infect healthy peoples.  Associated risks: 1. Disease transmission Decomposing organic waste attracts animals, and flies. Flies may play a major role in the transmission of fecal-oral diseases members of the affected population may be attracted to waste to scavenge for food; this is likely to increase the risk of gastro-enteritis.  Associated risks: 2.Pollution Poor management of the collection and disposal lead to pollution to surface water or groundwater especially if the waste contains toxic substances. Storing large quantities of dry waste in hot climates may cause a fire.  Associated risks: 3. Effect on morale The effect of living in an unhygienic environment may lead people to become less motivated to improve conditions around them. Waste attracts more waste and leads to less hygienic behavior in general.  Associated risks: 3. Effect on morale… The daily quantity collected of solid wastes ranges from 0.25 to 2.5 Kg per person per day. - Solid waste management can be described as how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource. - Proper waste management is an essential part of society’s public and environmental health.  Objectives of waste management: The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and eliminating the negative impacts of waste materials on human health and the environment to support economic development and improve the quality of life. This must be done in the most efficient way possible, to keep costs low and to prevent the accumulation of waste.  Stages of solid wastes disposal I. Storage II.Collection III.Final disposal  Stages of solid wastes disposal: I. Storage: During this period of storage indwelling wastes should be kept dry. Accumulation of moist or wet refuse is not only offensive and difficult to remove, but forms an excellent breeding medium for flies. The general container outdoor must be set on a place of easy access to people and be protected , and out of reach of domestic animals, flies and rats.  Stages of solid wastes disposal: II. Collection and transportation Solid waste collection and transportation in residential areas is either weekly, every other day, or daily. The containers made of metal or rubber and prevent water leakage, not allow entry of insects. Easily cleaned and a tight fitting lid is required. People who collect and dispose of solid waste should wear protective clothing. Removal of house wastes must be responsibility of local authorities as part of public services.  Stages of solid wastes disposal II. Collection and transportation… Some aspects should be fulfilled in the collection and transportation of garbage: It must take place at fixed hours, to avoid overload of containers. Frequency of collection depends on the type of wastes. if wastes is putrid or there is a fire risk, so wastes collection should be carried on every other day, or daily.  Stages of solid wastes disposal: III. Final disposal 1. Incineration 2. Open dumps (crude tipping) 3. Dumping at sea 4. Sanitary Land filling (control tipping) 5. Composting 6. Recycling (salvage)