Solid Environment PDF

# Solid Environment - What is Solid Waste? - What is Solid Waste Management and its Importance? - Hazardous Materials & Who Produces It - Associated Risks - Treatments and Disposal - Reduce - Reuse - Recycle - Composition - Emmisions - Land Fills & Dumps ## Solid Waste Soli...

# Solid Environment - What is Solid Waste? - What is Solid Waste Management and its Importance? - Hazardous Materials & Who Produces It - Associated Risks - Treatments and Disposal - Reduce - Reuse - Recycle - Composition - Emmisions - Land Fills & Dumps ## Solid Waste Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. ### Sources of Solid Waste It may be categorized by: - According to its origin - Domestic - Industrial - Commercial - Construction or Institutional - According to its contents - Organic - Material - Glass - Metal - Plastic Paper - According to hazard Potential - Toxic - Non-toxin - Flammable - Radioactive - Infectious ## Types of Solid Wastes: The variety of materials referred to as solid waste or refuse is broken into several categories: - Garbage - Strictly refers to animal or vegetable wastes, particularly by- products of food preparation. - Garbage decomposes rapidly if exposed to the elements and creates offensive odors. - Trash - Refers to solid waste that does not decompose (e.g., packaging, bootles, cans, building materials). - Hazardous waste - Refers to waste that is ignitable, corrosive or reactive (explosive) or that contains certain concentration of toxic chemicals. ## Republic Act No. 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 "AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PUPOSES" ## The importance of Solid Waste Management Solid waste management is extremely important in our community mainly because it will prevent your household from experiencing the hazardous outcomes of solid waste material. By getting rid most of these waste matter properly, you can protect your loved ones along with the environment. ## Hazardous Materials: - It can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. - They can be discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or by-products of manufacturing processes. ### Classifications of Hazardous Materials: - **Flammable/Combustible** ignites easily and burns rapidly. - Example: - Butane - Propane - Hygrogen gas - acetone - gasoline - kerosene etc. - **Explosive/Reactive** Explosive chemicals produces a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to abrupt shock, hight tempt. Reactive Chemicals vigorously undergo a chemical change under conditions of shock pressure and temperature. - Example: - Black Powder - Flash Powder - Ammonium nitrate - **Corrosive** causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. - Example: - Bleach - Ammonia - Vinegar (acetic acid? - **Toxic** Poisonous to living organisms when they are ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. - Example: - Mercury - Arsenic - Petroleum etc. ## Who Produces Hazardous Waste? Although industrial sources comprise the primary producers, users, and disposers of hazardous substances, hazardous products are found in almost every households substances improperly used or disposed of can be released into the environment, sometimes with serios consequences. ## Associated Risks By law, hazardous products must bear labels that explain the hazards associated with them and how to prevent injury and damage. The following signal words determined by law express the relative risk associated with a product. - No signal word - nonhazardous - Caution or Warning - generally mildly to moderately hazardous or toxic: can cause temporary adverse health effects, such as skin irritation or vomiting. - Poison - highly toxic: can be fatal if ingested ## Treatment & Disposal - **REDUCE** - **Source Reduction** involves efforts to reduce hazardous waste and other materials by modifiying industrial production. Source reduction methods involve changes inputs, and product formulation. - **Waste Minimization** is a process and policy of reducing the amount of waste produced by a person or a society. Waste minimization usually requires knowledge of the production process, craddle to grave (now cradle-to-cradle) anal - **Reuse of Scrap Materials** Scraps can be immediately re-incorporated at the beginning of the manufacturing line so that they do not become a waste production. - **Monitoring** Steps can be taken to ensure that the number of rejectd batches is kept to a minimum. This is achieved by increasing the frequency of inspection and the number of points of inspection. - **Waste Exchange** This is where the waste product of one process becomes thr raw material for a second process. Waste exchanges represents another way of reducinf waste disposal volumes fot waste that cannot be eliminated. - **REUSE** is the action or practice of using something again, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfill a different function (creative reuse or repurposing) - To reuse is to use an item more than once. - **RECYCLE** it is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save materials and help lower greenhouse emissions. - **What's Recyclable?** Materials currently recycled in substantial quantities include office paper, magazines, plastic soft-drink bottles, milk jugs, glass containers, demolition debris, wood, aluminum and other nonferrous metals, iron and steel. Most commonly recycled items are papers, metal, glass and plastics. - **Advantages of Recycling** - Rcycling minimizes pollution - Protects the environment - Recysling minimizes global warming - Conserves natural resources - Reduces energy consumption - **Disadvantages of Recycling** - High upfront capital lost - Recycling sites are unhygienic, unsafe and unsightly - Products from recycled waste may not be durable - Recycling might not be inexpensive - **COMPOSTING** - Composting is the controlled biological process of turning organic waste into a soil conditioner. - Composting produces a nutrient-rich soil additive called compost. - Compost can be used as an additive to soil, or other matrices such as coir and peat, a a tilth improver, supplying humus and nutrients. - **Types of Composting** - Yard trimmings - Food wastes - Leaves - Manure (cow, horse, sheep, poultry) - Mushroom compost - Vermicomposting - **Why Compost?** - Save money - Save Resources - Improve your soil - Reduce your Impact - **EMISSIONS** Most energy-recovery facilities use sophisticated combustion-control systems designed to optimize combustion, minimize ash for disposal, and optimize clean burning by reducing the formation of Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs). Some of the waste that goes through the incineration process, however, might exit the system in one of the following forms: - **Combustion Gases** can exit through the stack if they are not completely removed by air-pollution-device. - **Particulate emmisions** lightweight particles can exit the combustion chamber along with combuction gases, if they are small enough to get past pollution-control-devices. - **Bottom ash** uncombusted waste such as glass and metal, generally considered nontoxic; approximately 75% of all incinerator ash. - **Fly ash** toxic particles light enough to be borne upward with combucting gases; a portion of these might not be heavy enough to fall or might not be large enough to be captured by pollution-control-devices before exiting the stack. - **LANDFILLS & DUMPS** - It is the most traditional method of waste disposal. - Waste is directly dumped into discused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. - Disposed waste is compacted and covered with soil. - Gases generated by the decomposing waste materials are often burnt to generated power. - It is generally used for Domestic waste. ## THANK YOU