Cardiovascular System Questions (PDF)

Q1: Which nerve preferentially innervates the sinoatrial (SA) node? A: Right vagus nerve B: Left vagus nerve C: Right sympathetic nerve D: Left sympathetic nerve Ans: A Q2: What effect does vagal activation have on heart rate? A: Increases heart rate B: Decreases heart rate C: No effect on heart ra...

Q1: Which nerve preferentially innervates the sinoatrial (SA) node? A: Right vagus nerve B: Left vagus nerve C: Right sympathetic nerve D: Left sympathetic nerve Ans: A Q2: What effect does vagal activation have on heart rate? A: Increases heart rate B: Decreases heart rate C: No effect on heart rate D: Increases conduction velocity Ans: B Q3: What is the main difference between the right and left sides of the heart in terms of pressure? A: Right side has higher pressure B: Left side has higher pressure C: Both sides have equal pressure D: Right side pressure is always zero Ans: B Q4: What phase of the cardiac cycle is initiated by the P wave in the electrocardiogram? A: Isovolumetric contraction B: Atrial systole C: Rapid ejection D: Reduced filling Ans: B Q5: What causes the First Heart Sound (S1)? A: Closure of the aortic valve B: Opening of the AV valves C: Closure of the AV valves D: Opening of the aortic valve Ans: C Q6: During which phase are all valves closed and ventricular pressure increases without a change in volume? A: Rapid ejection B: Reduced ejection C: Isovolumetric relaxation D: Isovolumetric contraction Ans: D Q7: What typically represents the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in the left ventricle? A: 50 mL B: 70 mL C: 120 mL D: 140 mL Ans: C Q8: What is the function of the papillary muscles during ventricular contraction? A: Open the AV valves B: Close the semilunar valves C: Prevent AV valve prolapse D: Increase heart rate Ans: C Q9: What is the stroke volume (SV) if the EDV is 120 mL and the ESV is 50 mL? A: 50 mL B: 60 mL C: 70 mL D: 80 mL Ans: C Q10: What heart sound is associated with the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves? A: S1 B: S2 C: S3 D: S4 Ans: B Q11: Which phase is sometimes referred to as "ventricular diastasis"? A: Rapid filling B: Reduced filling C: Atrial systole D: Reduced ejection Ans: B Q12: What causes the "a wave" in atrial pressure? A: Ventricular contraction B: Atrial contraction C: AV valve closure D: Semilunar valve closure Ans: B Q13: Which part of the cardiac cycle is associated with ventricular relaxation and filling? A: Systole B: Diastole C: Isovolumetric contraction D: Rapid ejection Ans: B Q14: What is the normal percentage of ejection fraction (EF) in a healthy heart? A: >0.45 B: >0.55 C: >0.65 D: >0.75 Ans: B Q15: What does the "x descent" in atrial pressure represent? A: Atrial contraction B: Atrial relaxation C: Ventricular systole D: Ventricular diastole Ans: B