Dental Instruments Lecture 4 PDF

Course Title: Clinical Fixed Prosthodontics I Course Code: PRO 221 Topic of Lecture : DENTAL INSTRUMENTS A.PROF: Dr. Ziad Hassan Rabie Post :Lecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics F A C U L T Y O F D e n t i s t r y T h e F u t u r e S t a r t s...

Course Title: Clinical Fixed Prosthodontics I Course Code: PRO 221 Topic of Lecture : DENTAL INSTRUMENTS A.PROF: Dr. Ziad Hassan Rabie Post :Lecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics F A C U L T Y O F D e n t i s t r y T h e F u t u r e S t a r t s H e r e S p r i n g 2 0 2 3 DENTAL EQUIPMENT DENTAL INSTRUMENTS  EQUIPMENT THE NECESSARY ITEMS FOR PARTICULAR USE DENTAL UNIT  DENTAL EQUIPMENT DENTAL PATIENT CHAIRS STERILIZATION EQUIPMENT X-RAY IMAGING INSTRUMENTS DENTAL OPERATING LIGHTS OPERATORY CABINETRY HANDPIECES.  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Protective clothing: Gowns or lab coats with long sleeves are worn to protect the forearms when splash, spatter, or spray of blood. Gloves: are worn to prevent or reduce the risk of contaminating the hands with blood and to prevent or reduce the risk of cross-infecting in the clinical process. Surgical masks: cover both the nose and the mouth are worn during clinical activities likely to generate splash, splatter, and aerosols. Protective eyewear: with solid side shields or a face shield is worn during the clinical process likely TO DEVELOP AN ORDERLY PROCEDURE OF TOOTH PREPARATION SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES MUST BE FOLLOWED 1. THE AREA OF THE TOOTH BEING RESTORED MUST BE IN FULL VISION. 2. THE ACCESS TO THE LIMITS OF THE PREPARATION MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED WITH GOOD SELECTED INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT. 3. THE INSTRUMENT MUST BE SUFFICIENTLY HARD TO RESIST  DENTAL INSTRUMENTS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR USES INTO: 1.DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS ALLOW THE DENTIST TO EXAMINE THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE TEETH AND ORAL CAVITY 2.CUTTING INSTRUMENTS ALLOW THE DENTIST TO MANUALLY REMOVE DECAY AND TO SMOOTH, FINISH, AND PREPARE THE TOOTH STRUCTURE TO BE RESTORED BACK TO ITS NORMAL FUNCTION 3.RESTORING INSTRUMENTS ALLOW THE DENTIST TO PLACE, CONDENSE, AND CARVE THE DENTAL MATERIAL TO THE ORIGINAL ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH STRUCTURE  CUTTING INSTRUMENTS HAND CUTTING INSTRUMENTS ROTARY (POWERED) CUTTING INSTRUMENTS LASER EQUIPMENT AIR ABRASIVE EQUIPMENT  HAND CUTTING INSTRUMENTS MATERIAL CARBON STEEL HARDER THAN ST. ST. BUT CORRODES WHEN UNPROTECTED STAINLESS STEEL REMAINS BRIGHT UNDER MOST CONDITIONS BUT DULLS RAPIDLY CARBIDE DURABLE, HARD AND WEAR RESISTANT BUT BRITTLE NI, CO, CR USUALLY RESTRICTED TO INSTRUMENTS OTHER THAN USED FOR CUTTING  INSTRUMENT DESIGN a. WORKING END PORTION OF THE INSTRUMENT WITH A SPECIFIC FUNCTION. THIS END CAN HAVE A POINT, BLADE, OR NIB FOR USE ON THE TOOTH STRUCTURE OR SOFT TISSUE. b. SHANK PORTION OF THE INSTRUMENT THAT CONNECTS THE HANDLE AND THE WORKING END. MAY CONTAIN BENDS AND ANGLES TO ALLOW THE OPERATOR BETTER ACCESSIBILITY. c. HANDLE PORTION OF THE INSTRUMENT WHERE THE OPERATOR GRASPS OR HOLDS THE INSTRUMENT. DESIGNED IN VARIOUS SHAPES, SIZES, AND TEXTURES TO ACCOMMODATE HANDLING THE INSTRUMENT  CLASSIFICATION OF HAND INSTRUMENTS DENTAL HAND INSTRUMENTS ARE NAMED SO BECAUSE THEY ARE HELD AND MANIPULATED BY THE HAND. CUTTING INSTRUMENTS EXCAVATORS (ALLOW THE DENTIST TO MANUALLY REMOVE DECAY) CHISELS AND GINGIVAL MARGINAL TRIMMER (REMOVAL OF UNSUPPORTED ENAMEL AT THE MARGINS) OTHER NON-CUTTING INSTRUMENTS MIRRORS PROBES  HAND CUTTING INSTRUMENTS Used for removal of soft caries  NON-CUTTING INSTRUMENTS Mirror: Allows vision, light reflection, retraction, and tissue protection Explorer: Touches tooth structure to distinguish between healthy and diseased tooth structure and check restoration margins  Single-ended instruments Double-ended instruments  POWERED (ROTARY) CUTTING EQUIPMENT SOURCE OF ENERGY: ELECTRIC MOTOR COMPRESSED AIR (AIR TURBINE)- THE MOST COMMON POWER SOURCE OF POWER FOR DENTAL UNITS HAND-PIECES: STRAIGHT CONTRA-ANGLED  ACCORDING TO THE POWER SOURCE I. AIR TURBINE II. ELECTRIC MOTOR Dental device that rotates at high speed and Electric motors are designed for working on uses compressed air as the driving force. models, finishing and polishing of restorations  Contra-angled hand-piece Straight hand-piece: Used mainly for laboratory processes Contra angled handpiece: A handpiece with two opposite bends so that the shaft of the rotary instrument is at an angle to the handpiece to reach less accessible areas of the mouth for dental work.  ROTARY SPEED RANGES VERY LOW-SLOW SPEED BELOW 10,000 RPM (DRILLING FOR IMPLANT INSERTION- FINISHING OF HYBRID MATERIALS) LOW SPEED (MICROMOTOR RANGE) 10,000- 50,000 RPM MEDIUM OR INTERMEDIATE SPEED (PRODUCED BY MULTIPLYING HANDPIECES WHICH CAN MULTIPLY THE LOW-SPEED RANGE BY 4 OR 5 TIMES) 80,000 RPM TO 100,000 RPM HIGH –ULTRAHIGH SPEED (PRODUCED BY COMPRESSED AIR (AIR-OTOR) UP TO 400,000 RPM  LOW SPEED CUTTING LOW SPEED HANDPIECE + AIR-MOTOR Low speed air-motors connect to handpiece attachments  LOW SPEED CUTTING INEFFECTIVE TIME CONSUMING REQUIRES HEAVY FORCE APPLICATION HEAT PRODUCTION  USES OF LOW-SPEED CUTTING: INITIAL PREPARATION OF GROOVES AND PINHOLES. CLEANING TEETH OCCASIONAL CARIES EXCAVATION FINISHING AND POLISHING PROCEDURES ADVANTAGES OF HIGH SPEED: USED FOR TOOTH PREPARATION AND REMOVING OLD RESTORATIONS FASTER REMOVAL OF TOOTH STRUCTURE WITH LESS PRESSURE, VIBRATION AND HEAT GENERATION BETTER OPERATOR CONTROL INSTRUMENTS LAST LONGER PATIENTS ARE LESS APPREHENSIVE SEVERAL TEETH CAN BE TREATED IN THE SAME APPOINTMENT