Dental Office History PDF

THE DENTAL OFFICE a sheltered system that required architectural considerations, mechanical facilities, pharmaceutical supplies, industrial devices and business where a dentist performs and carry out his duty. - ideal office is located in a quiet neighborhood or in a qu...

THE DENTAL OFFICE a sheltered system that required architectural considerations, mechanical facilities, pharmaceutical supplies, industrial devices and business where a dentist performs and carry out his duty. - ideal office is located in a quiet neighborhood or in a quiet commercial building. Important things to consider:  accessibility of transportation  ventilation  light  absence of pollution PARTS OF A DENTAL OFFICE  1. Fundamental Compartments – parts of the dental office that are essential for the practice of dentistry. a.Reception Room or Waiting room b.Operating Room or Clinic c. Laboratory room d.Lavatory Facilities / Comfort Room e.Infirmary Aids for emergency cases  2. Optional Compartments a.Business and secretary’s office b.Rest or recovery room c. Dark room – for developing radiographs d. Store room  The reception room or waiting room Desirable but optional features: 1. receptionist 2. reading materials of general interest 3. basic items in a homey living room 4. correct interior decoration like educational work of art  The operating room / clinic Stationary Equipment 1. Dental Chair 2. Dental Unit  usually comes as one set of stationary equipment, manufactured to suit either a right or left-handed operators  installed in the clinic more or less at permanent places.  Dental Chair a. Portable dental chair b. Non-portable or - also called field chair stationary dental chair - used for a makeshift place -characterized by a wide base and is too heavy - for mobile clinic -designed to conform with the approximate -parts are easy removable or contour of the patient’s detachable and made anatomy convenient for packing and transporting -usually upholstered for utmost comfort of patients Three types according to function: a. standard or all-purpose chair b. exodontist’s chair c. child’s chair  The Dental Unit 1. Cuspidor or spittoon – a bowl-like receptacle for the reception of saliva, fluids and debris coming from the mouth of the patient, usually provided with water pipes to cleanse the bowl to push them toward the drain. 2. Saliva ejector – a metal / plastic holed mouthpiece which helps in keeping the mouth and the field of operation free from the interference of saliva. 3. Tumbler holder – holds the glass / tumbler used by the patient, generally provided with a faucet that automatically fills the tumbler with tap water. 4. Air syringes – gives off air blasts directly aimed to the tooth being treated. 5. Water syringes – gives off a fine, thin stream of water for flushing or cleaning the tooth being treated. 2. Pilot light – a strong shaded electric bulb that can be swung in all direction to light up the mouth. 3. Opaque glass plate / x- ray viewer – holds radiograph in place for reading and interpretation. 8. Bracket table – holds the hand instruments and other materials such as cottons, cotton holder and the like used by the operators. 9. High and low speed adaptors – devices used to hold the handpieces used by the operators. Other parts of a dental chair/ units:  foot control – allows the handpiece to function as needed  push bottoms to allow adjustments of the chair to permit the dentist to place the patient in convenient positions  Movable Equipment Dental X-ray X-ray machine – a diagnostic apparatus used to reveal conditions of tissues not visible during clinical visual examination. X-ray – a form of energy, of very short wave-lengths that penetrate opaque substance / tissue. Radiopaque shadow ( lighter ) – objects that are resistant to x-rays ; e.g bone, enamel Radiolucent shadow ( darker ) – objects that are less resistant to x-rays; e.g soft tissues of the mouth  Types of Radiographic Films: 1. Intra-oral -standard film or periapical film ( include 2 or 3 teeth) -Child-sized film 2. Extra-oral panoramic film cephalometric film  Hygiene for the Clinic Attire for the dental staff and patient 1. Laboratory gowns 2. Comfortable shoes 3. Gloves ( disposable) 4. Headdresses / Head cap 5. Face mask Sanitation in a Dental office the cleanliness of the instruments in the clinic as a protection not only to the patients ( prevent transmission of germs from one patient to another), protection to the dentists and his clinical staff. Dental Office – can be sanitized with the use of: 1. Aerosol – chemical compounds that mix well with room air, intended to sweeten air 2. Disinfectant – substances which stops or prevents the growth of microorganism.  Sterilizer – special equipment used to kill or free instruments from bacteria, fungi, virus, spores and/or microorganisms Sterilization – the destruction of all life for the purpose of preventing diseases  Methods of Sterilization 1. Simple Boiling 2. Steam under pressure ( e.g. autoclave) 3. By hot air or dry heat sterilization 4. By flame 5. Intermittent or fractional sterilization utilizing moist heat – most effective in killing spores 6. Chemical / cold sterilization – sterilization in the liquid form Disinfection – the process of destroying pathogenic microorganisms by the use of chemical agents known as disinfectants, the term is synonymous with germicide. Antisepsis – the process whereby the growth and development of microorganisms are merely inhibited.  Pre-Operative Requirements (Patient’s Chart) 1. Patient’s personal information 2. Case History Medical ( past and present) Dental (past and present) 3. Clinical Examination -General (systemic conditions) - Regional – oral with supplemental diagnostic aids - Conditions of the teeth and other structures using a dental charts -Radiographs 4. Diagnosis, Treatment Plan and Treatment  Home Care Regimen ( of the Patient) Toothbrush – one of the indispensable hand instruments in the cleaning the teeth and other structures such as the tongue and gums. Regular toothbrushing of 3x a day:  can prevent the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases by controlling the presence of virulent microorganisms.  Can prevent halitosis  Gives patient a pleasant feeling of cleanliness in the mouth  Dentifrices – paste of whitening and cleansing agent with appropriate amount of fluoride for caries prevention. · pea-sized amount is sufficient · fluoride concentration of 1,000ppm to 1,500ppm Dental Floss – or dental tape, used for interdental cleaning method · waxed or unwaxed · 18-inch length of floss is recommended Mouthwashes / mouth rinses – substances that temporarily reduces oral malodor, leaving a pleasant taste  Dental Instruments refers to a wide variety of highly specific instruments held in hand and applied during the actual treatment procedure. General Classification of Dental Instruments  A. Operative Instruments Restorative DentistryRestorative Set : Dentistry Set : Hoe Gingival Margin Trimmer 1. Hand Hatchet –Hatchets –Chisels Gingival Hatchet –Hoes Margin Trimmer Hoe –Excavators Restorative Dentistry Set : Angle Former Scientific Hybrid Design: Scientific Hybrid Design: Cutting Instruments: Gingival Margin Trimmer – produce proper bevel on Hoe Cutting Instrument: proximoocclusal preparation Hatchet is used for sharpening Internal Line Angles, To refine gingival axial retention particularly in preparations for gold restoration) Scrape and flatten the axial wall and forming line angles (Anterior & Posterior Teeth) Angle Former Scientific Hybrid Design: 2. Rotary Burs Stones Discs  3. Condensing Instruments e.g.Dentistry Restorative pluggers Set : Plugger Plugger 4. Plastic Instruments Restorative Dentistry Set : Hollen Back Restorative Dentistry Set : Hollen Back –Spatulas –Carvers –Burnishers Hollen Back Hollen Back Restorative Dentistry Set : Restorative Dentistry Set : –Packing Frahm Amalgam Carrier Scientific Hybrid Design: Scientific Hybri instruments Carving Instruments: ( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite ) Carving Instru ( Hollen Back Carving Amalg Frahm Amalgam carrier Scientific Hybrid Design: Scientific Hybrid Design: Carving Instruments: Amalgam Carrier: 5. Finishing and Polishing Instruments Hand: –Polishing points –Finishing strips Rotary: –Finishing burs –Rubber cups 6. Miscellaneous Instruments –E.g. scissors  B. Prophylaxis and Diagnostic Gracey Scalers : 1. explorers 2. probes 3. scalers Posterior 11/12 Posterior 13/14 4. curettes 5. files + 5/6 7/8 11/12 13/14 Towners Jaquette C. General Surgical Instruments forceps elevators bone chisels mallet curettes  Four Basic Hand Instruments Mouth mirror Cotton Pliers Spoon excavators Restorative Dentistry Set 4 Basic I nstruments : Mouth Mirror Explorer S. Excavator Explorers Tweeser Mouth Spoon Explorer Tweeser Mirror Excavator  Finger Positions REST - position assumed by the third and fourth fingers to stabilize the position of the instrument - position of the thumb resting somewhere on the teeth or gums.  FINGER GUARD – position assumed by the fingers of the non- operating hand to protect the parts being worked upon from injury.  Essential Parts of a Hand Instrument Handle or shaft Shank – connects the shaft and the blade or nib Blade or nib – point or head functional end Parts of Hand Instrument : Working Tip Blade Shank Handle  Basic Instruments Grasps 1. Pen grasp 2. Inverted pen grasp 3. Palm and Thumb grasp 4. Position where no rest is needed END OF LECTURE