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Deraya University

Mohamed Tareq Fahmi

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dental instruments dental tools dental equipment dentistry

Summary

This presentation provides an overview of dental instruments, covering various types, classifications, and uses within the field of dentistry. It includes details about hand and rotary instruments, their design components, materials, and various functionalities.

Full Transcript

eq ar d T Dr. Mohamed Tareq Fahmi e am Lecturer of fixed prosthodontics oh M Dental Instruments In Fixed Prosthodontics work we use...

eq ar d T Dr. Mohamed Tareq Fahmi e am Lecturer of fixed prosthodontics oh M Dental Instruments In Fixed Prosthodontics work we use instruments to cut and reduce enamel eq ar d T e am oh M e q e q ar a r d T d T e e q am am re o h oh T a M M e d am o h Dental Instruments M eq Dental Instrument: refers to a tool ar T or a device used for speci c type d of work or procedure. e m Cu ng Instruments: are used to cut, le, grind, plane, or smoothen ha o dental structures M tti fi fi Cutting instruments Classified according to their mode of ar cutting into: d T Hand cutting instrument e Powered (rotary) cutting instruments am Laser equipments Other equipments oh M Hand instruments r Cutting Instruments a. Excavators ( hatchets, hoes, angle formers and spoons). Ta b. Chisels (straight chisel, curved chisel, enamel hatchet and gingival ed marginal trimmers) am h c. Other cutting instruments may be subdivided as o knives, files, scalers and carvers Non-cutting Instruments (amalgam condensers, mirrors, probes and explorers) M eq ar d T e am Hand Cutting Instruments oh M eq ar d T Hand Non-Cutting Instruments e am oh M Hand Instruments Hand powered Light in weight ar Material of d T a. Carbon steel e b. Stainless steel am c. Carbide oh M Instrument Design A. Blade B. Shank C. Hand eq ar d T e Rotary Cutting am h Instruments o M eq ar The rotary cutting d T instruments are held e and operated by am removable shank oh M called (Hand piece) Hand pieces are classified as : eq According to the shape: ar a. Straight Hand piece d T e b. Contra Angle hand piece am h According to the power source: eq r A- Air turbine Ta B- Electric motor ed am oh Rotary Speed Ranges The rotational speed of an instrument is measured in a revolution per minute (rpm) Three speed ranges are recognized: d T Low or slow speeds (below 12.000 rpm) Medium or intermediate speeds (12.000 to 200.000 rpm)e High or ultrahigh speeds (above 200.000 rpm ) am oh M Rotary cutting Instruments Design Common design : A. Head B. Neck C. Shank Shank Design A. Straight shank B. Latch-type shank C. Grip-type shank Head Design ar According to the mode of cutting it is classified into: d T e A: Abrasive instruments am B: Dental burs oh M Dental burs ar Cutting instruments that have bladed cutting heads d T e Material of construction : am A: steel oh M B: carbide Classification Size: Number giving to the head diameter in tenth of millimeter ar Shape: d T e m Round Inverted cone ha o Taper fissure End cutting M Abrasive instruments ar small, angular particles of a hard substance held in d T a matrix of softer material e am Abrasive instrument classified into : A: Diamond instruments oh B: Other abrasives M eq Diamond instrument ar Consists of three parts: d T Metal blank e Powder diamond abrasive Metallic bonding material am oh M Classification size and shape : A. Rounded end wheel B. Flame shape C. Fine taper D. Taper stone with flat end E. Taper stone with round ended eq ar d T e Other Abrasive Instruments am oh M Other abrasive instruments Molded abrasive instruments pressing or molding a uniform mixture of abrasive particles and matrix around roughened end of the shank According to the matrix rigid polymer or ceramic flexible rubber Coated abrasive instruments : Layer of thin abrasive cemented to flexible backing Dental rotary instruments are supplied in two categories: Mounted type : ar Supplied with their mandrel firmly attached to the working d T points. e Demounted type: am These are mounted to shank oh (mandrel), which carries a variety of interchangeable M demounted rotary points Abrasive vs Burs Mechanism of cutting Abrasives: ar Abrading or wearing d T Burs: e Shearing am Cutting primary from the sides of the instrument oh M Abrasive vs Burs Cutting efficiency Diamonds : ar More efficient but rough surfaces d T e and irregular finish lines Carbide Burs: am More slowly but smooth finish lines oh M Laser equipment eq Laser : ar Are devices that produce d T beams of very high intensity e light am Uses : oh Treatment of soft tissue Modification of hard tooth structure M Abrasive equipment Hard tooth structures are removed by rapid continuous air driven abrasive action of aluminum oxide Clinical problems : No tactile sense Determination of cutting progress eq Interfere visibility Control inhalation ar Uses : d T Stain removal e De-pridment of pit and fissure prior to sealing am Micro-mechanical roughening oh M Thank you r Ta ed am oh M

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