Nanomaterials Lecture Notes PDF

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬  Nanomaterials By Dr. Eng. Alaa Meshref  Lecture 4 Chapter 2 An introduction to nanomaterials Outlines:  Introduction  Nanomaterials and bulk materials  History of Nanotechnology  Terms in nanotechnology  Importance of Nanosca...

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬  Nanomaterials By Dr. Eng. Alaa Meshref  Lecture 4 Chapter 2 An introduction to nanomaterials Outlines:  Introduction  Nanomaterials and bulk materials  History of Nanotechnology  Terms in nanotechnology  Importance of Nanoscale 1- Introduction Nano is a Greek word synonymous to dwarf, meaning extremely small.  Have at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm.  Idea is rearrangement the atoms.  Nanomaterials can be metallic, ceramics, polymers, composites, and semiconductors (raw materials).  The novel properties of nanomaterials can be attributed to their small size, unique shapes, high surface area. 3.5 gold atoms 4 iron atoms 6.67 nitrogen atoms. Size of different objects 2- Nanomaterials and bulk materials  Macro mm  Micro µm  Nano nm  Nanomaterials and nanocomposite will exist until ˷ 2080  Nanomaterials bulk materials surface area surface area excellent acceptable properties properties 3- History of Nanotechnology  1959, Richard Feynman question  1974, the Japanese researcher Noriutingoshi called the term nanotechnology for the first time.  1976, Munir Nayefeh introduced a method of laser called resonance ionization to detect individual atoms and measure them at the highest levels of precision and control. 1981, the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope STM.  1986, Eric published his book Engines of Creation.  1989, IBM scientists formed the letters IBM by STM  1991, Japanese researcher discovered carbon nanotubes.  1992, Munir naifah wrote the letter P and beside it heart by atoms. Rising nanocarbon from the chimneys of the brick factories Pharaonic plate written in nanoinks 4- Terms in nanotechnology 1. Nano: is used in scientific units to denote one-billionth (0.000 000 001) of the base unit. 2. Nanometer: refers to a metric unit = 1 million part of the mm = 10 -9 m. 3. Nanoscale: refers to a scale between 1and 100 nm. 4. Nanoscience : study of the properties of the materials at the nanoscale. 5- Nanotechnology: is the application of nanoscience to control processes at the nanoscale, i.e., between 1and 100 nm. 5- Importance of Nanoscale For (a) A = 6 X 1X1 = 6 cm2 For (b) A = 6 X (0.5x 0.5)X 8 = 12 cm2 For (c) A = 6 X (0.25 x 0.25)X 64 = 24 cm2 For (d) A = 6 X (0.125 x 0.125) X512 = 48 cm2 For (e) A = 6 X (0.0625 x 0.0625) X4096 = 96 cm2  We note that the surface area increases with the cube divided into several parts. Calculated surface area per unit volume as a function of nanoparticle size for particles of various shapes.  Thank you Any questions or comments?