Nanotechnology in Textiles PDF

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES  Nanotechnology also has real commercial potential for the textile industry. This is mainly due to the fact that conventional methods used to impart different properties to fabrics often do not lead to permanent effects, and will lose their functions after Laun...

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES  Nanotechnology also has real commercial potential for the textile industry. This is mainly due to the fact that conventional methods used to impart different properties to fabrics often do not lead to permanent effects, and will lose their functions after Laundering or wearing. Can provide high durability for fabrics, because nano particles have large surface area to volume ratio and high nanoparticles in fabrics will not affect their breathability or hand feel.  Nanotechnology in manufacturing composite fibres include the following topics. Carbon nano fibres and carbon nano particles. Clay nano particles Metal Oxide Nano particles. Carbon nano tubes Nano Cellular foam structures.  Application in apparel industry Examples of industries where nanotech-enhanced textiles are already seeing some application include the sporting industry, skincare space technology and clothing and material technology for better protection in extreme environments. Treating textiles with nanotechnology materials is a method to improve the properties of the textiles making it longer, durable and colorful. Stain repellent and wrinkle-resistant threads woven in textiles. Body warmers use phase change materials (PMS) responding to changing body temperatures. Nano socks treated with silver nano particles - the silver acts against infection and odour.  Swimming suit The most widely recognized application is in the shark- skin suit worn during world record breaking Olympic swimming championship. The suit, which includes a plasma layer enhanced by nanotechnology to repel water molecules is designed to help the swimmer glide through the Water and has become a common feature of major swimming events as all competitors attempt to enhance their chances of winning.  Sporting Goods Running shoes, tennis racquets, golf balls, skin creams, and a range other sporting goods have also been enhanced by nanotechnology. As well as developing textiles to withstand extreme environments, scientists have looked to naturally existing viral nano particles that live in some of the harshest environments on earth, for new building blocks for nanotechnology. A Garment that senses their surroundings and interacts with the wearer is an area of considerable interests such textile based nano sensors could provide a personalized health care system, monitoring your vital signs as you run up a hill or responding to changes in the weather.  Lifestyle application The earliest Commercialized applications of nanotechnology are seen in lifestyles applications. Textiles and Cosmetics are among first the products to use nano materials. The examples of nanotechnology materials and technology in life styles application are bullet proof vests. Nanotubes fibres are used to make a material seventeen times tougher than kevlar  Application in properties of textile material The properties imparted to textiles using nanotechnology include water repellence, soil resistance, Wrinkle resistance, anti bacteria, anti static and UV protection, flame retardation improvement of dye ability, self cleaning fabrics and so on.  Water repellence: Nano-Tex improves the water-repellent property of fabric by creating nano-whiskers, which are hydrocarbons and 1/1000 of the size of typical cotton fibre, that are added to the fabric to create a peach fuzz effect without lowering. the strength of cotton. UV protective finish: The most important functions performed by the garment are to protect the wearer from the weather. However it is also to protect the wearer from the harmful rays of the sun. The rays in the Wavelength region of 150 to 400nm are known as ultraviolet radiations. Metal oxides like ZnO as UV-blocker are more stable when compared to organic UV-blocking agents. Hence, nano ZnO will really enhance the UV-blocking property due to their increase surface area and intense absorption in the UV region. For antibacterial finishing, ZnO nano particles scores over nano-silver in cost-effectiveness, whiteness, and UV-blocking property. Fabric treated with UV absorbers ensures that the clothes deflect the Harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, reducing a persons UVR exposure and protecting the skin from potential damage.  Self cleaning fabrics: A self cleaning cotton fabric known as nano care was developed and is marketed by american Company, Nanotex and Stain resistant jeans and Khakis are available since 1990. Nanocore fabrics are created by modifying the cylindrical structure of the cotton fibres making up the fabric. Anti bacterial finishes: For importing Anti bacterial properties, nano-sized silver, titanium dioxide and zinc Oxide are used. Metallic ions and metallic compounds display a certain degree of sterilizing effect. It is considered that part of the oxygen in the air & Water is turned into active oxygen by means of Catalysis with the metallic ion.  Clothes make the man Body armour – In 1881, Dr. George Emery Goodfellow – examined a gunned-down fellow – noted that the bullet had not harmed the silk handkerchief the man carried. In 1960 DuPont developed KEVLAR, a strong polymer fibre is 5 times stronger than steel of the same weight the key to bullet proof vest is dispersing the energy of the bullet over a wide area - similar to what happens when you hit a soccer ball into a goal the net backing absorbs the energy of the ball dispersing it over a wide area. The Kevlar fibres are also interlaced - when the bullet hits horizontal fiber that fibre pulls on every interlaced vertical fibre. Additionally each vertical fiber continues to push on each subsequent horizontal fiber this allows entire sheet of kevlar to absorb the energy of the bullet regardless where the bullet actually hits  Kevlar aramid nanofibers (KANFs), a nanoscale version of poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide), are a fascinating class of one-dimensional organic nanomaterials with a combination of electrical conductivity, flexibility, mechanical robustness, physical stability and resistance to solvents.  Spider silk - Nexia Biotechnologies breeding genetically engineered goats to produce milk high in spider silk proteins – spun into a fibre – called Biosteel – 20 times stronger than an equivalent strand of steel Carbon Nanotube fibres – even stronger than Biosteel – 100 times stronger than steel – used in bulletproof vests - Weaving Nano tube fibres in with those in existing clothes can become a way to store energy like a battery which could then power various electrical devices and sensors to monitor human vital signs- possibilities are endless! Eddie Bauer and Dockers have embraced Nano-Tex’s spill – resistant fabric nanotech. We suspect they coat the fibres with the specific polymer. Since the fibres are coated and integrated into the fabrics weave the cloth maintains its resistance even after many washes not to mention allowing the fabric to maintain its soft texture and feel.  Other technologies are quick-drying cloth (whisks away moisture so you feel cooler) and cloth that feels just like cotton but is really a synthetic that maintains colour, durability and wrinkle-resistance but still feel soft. Clemson University researchers have also integrated a polymer film mixed with silver nanoparticles to produce a self- cleaning coating for clothes. This coating is infused into the fabric creating a series of microscopic bumps that cause dirt to bounce off when water is applied. This is different than other water repellent materials like Teflon because this film is integrated into the fabric and not applied as an additional layer to the fabric allowing it to last longer also the particles are too small to be seen since their size is smaller than the wavelength of light.  Outdoor items such as convertible car tops and lawn furniture assured to take advantage of this nanomaterial just imagine being able to simply hose something down and wipe it off. Additionally the need for less detergent could help our environment - self cleaning, wrinkle-resistant, bulletproof clothes that keep us cool in even the most tropical of climes