World Civilizations PDF

**rican States** Location Key City(s) Key Ruler(s) Economy Society/Culture **Ethiopia** East Africa     King Lalibela- Built 11 stone churches Merchants close to Saudi Arabia Christianity gave them a unifying identity in Ethiopia **Swahili** East African Coast Mongadishu, Mombasa, Kil...

**rican States** Location Key City(s) Key Ruler(s) Economy Society/Culture **Ethiopia** East Africa     King Lalibela- Built 11 stone churches Merchants close to Saudi Arabia Christianity gave them a unifying identity in Ethiopia **Swahili** East African Coast Mongadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa, Sofala   Oversea trade Anamism, Blended Islam with local religions (sacritism) **Ghana** West Africa   Koumbi- Saleh, (Ghana\'s capital) located between gold mines Ghana\'s king, who made taxes, forbade anyone from owning gold nuggets, and had a lavish lifestyle due to protecting his trade routes and conquering areas near them Trading had a vast control over the Empire of Ghana, accounting for Ghana\'s riches (gold) and ability to conquer. TAXES Rich and powerful due to value of gold, lavish lifestyles **Mali** West Africa   Timbuktu- many schools Momsa Musa, Sundiata Armies, taxation of gold and major salt trade *ON TEST* Great Muslim influence over Momsa Musas reign **Songhai** Eastern part of Mali alongside Usmiasm River   Goa- trading cities Askia Muhammad- leader, Sunni Ali- military leader Wealthy from trading along Niger River *Riverside trade!* *Golden age under Askia* *Trade increased commerce* Islam is important in their society and culture, war in expanding territories *Strong Navy and war canoes*   +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Civilizations | **Maya** | **Aztec** | **Inca** | | ** | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Government/Po | -  functioned | -  Created by | -  Leader | | litics** | as | a tribe of | Pachacuti | | | city-states | farmers | used | | | - | form the | political | | | each had | Mayan | alliances + | | | its own | empire | military | | | ruler + | | force to | | | government | - Made people | gain | | | | pay taxes ( | control of | | | - No ruler | tribunes) | huge | | | united | in many | territory | | | Mayan | forms ex. | | | | empire | Pottery | - Emperor had | | | | blankets, | the most | | | - Trade | crops, | power | | | linked the | feathers | | | | city states | etc. | - Didn't want | | | together | | local | | | | - Merchants | leaders to | | | - Warfare | would | gain | | | also linked | sometimes | control so | | | cities by | act as | made | | | kings | spies for | leaders of | | | trying to | the emperor | conquered | | | gain money | | places move | | | and power |   | out + | | | for | | replaced | | | themselves | | them with | | | | | trustworthy | | | | | people | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Economy** | -  run by | -  Gained | -  Common | | | trade | wealth + | people had | | | | strength | to pay | | | - Things like | through | labor tax | | | Jade, | trade + | called | | | cotton, | tribune | \"Mita\" | | | rubber | | | | | obsidian, | - System of | - Women | | | and cacao | roads | fulfilled | | | were traded | helped | tax by | | | | trade | doing | | | - Kings | | things ex. | | | gained and | - Merchants | Weaving | | | lost land | sold luxury | clothes for | | | during | goods all | army | | | battles in | over the | | | | hope for | empire | - Men payed | | | more power | | tax by | | | |   | working on | | | | | govt owned | | | |   | farms, | | | | | mines, or | | | | | built roads | | | | | | | | | | - No | | | | | merchants; | | | | | govt moved | | | | | goods | | | | | around | | | | | empire | | | | | | | | | | - Used Quipu | | | | | to track | | | | | movement of | | | | | goods | | | | | | | | | | - No written | | | | | language | | | | | | | | | | - Used Quipus | | | | | for tax | | | | | records, | | | | | quantities | | | | | for | | | | | livestock + | | | | | Census | | | | | | | | | | - Roads | | | | | linked | | | | | empire + | | | | | helped | | | | | Quipu | | | | | keepers | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Society/Cultu | -  believed | -  strictly | -  In | | re** | kings | divided | Centeral | | | communicate | into | Andes each | | | d | different | family was | | | with gods | classes | grouped in | | | | | a | | | - Performed | - Top: king + | cooperative | | | public and | family ( | group | | | private | who had to | called a | | | ceremonies | be elected) | Allyu - | | | for the | Next: | worked | | | gods | Priests | together in | | | | Next: | activities | | | - Priests who | Warriors | ex. | | | led | | Farming, | | | religious | - Lower class | building, | | | ceremonies) | farmers | cerimonies | | | were on the | could raise | etc. | | | upper | class by | | | | class, | becoming | - Each group | | | warriors | warrior or | of ten | | | (responsibl | studying | allyus had | | | e | | a chief- | | | for getting | - Boys + | reported to | | | war victims | girls | higher govt | | | to | required to | | | | religiously | go to | - Clear class | | | sacrifice) | school | divisions | | | | until age | | | | - Below upper | 15 | - No slaves | | | classmen | | but most | | | were | - Slaves at | belonged to | | | merchants | bottom of | the lower | | | | class, | class | | | - Lower | their | | | | class- | children | - Las | | | peasants + | were born | restricted | | | slaves ( | free | to wearing | | | provided | | simple | | | services to | - | clothes + | | | the wealthy | | own the | | | upper |   | bare | | | class) | | necessities | | | |   | | | |   | | - The upper | | | |   | class lived | | | | | in the | | | | | capitol | | | | | city + had | | | | | fine | | | | | houses + | | | | | clothes | | | | | | | | | | - Religion | | | | | key | | | | | | | | | | - People | | | | | allowed to | | | | | worships | | | | | gods but | | | | | sun god was | | | | | the most | | | | | important | | | | | | | | | | - Kings | | | | | related to | | | | | the sun god | | | | | | | | | | - Mummies of | | | | | kings kept | | | | | and | | | | | worshipped | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Achievements* | - Advanced in | -  artisans | - Organizatio | | * | architectur | made | n | | | e | head-dresse | led to many | | | ( canals) | s, | achievement | | | math, | shields, + | s | | | astronomy + | warrior | in | | | writing | costumes | engineering | | | | | and art | | | - Made 265 | - Metalworker | | | | day | s | -  Talented | | | calendar | made jewels | builders - | | | for | and masks | built | | | farming + | | temples, | | | 260 day | - Stoneworker | forts, | | | religious | s | roads | | | calendar | decorated | | | | MORE | temples + | - Cut blocks | | | ACCURATE | made | so evenly | | | THAN | sculptures | that mortar | | | EUROPEAN | | was not | | | CALENDAR AT | - Kept | needed | | | THE TIME | written | | | | | records | - Skilled in | | | - Created a | | metal | | | number | - Accurately | work + | | | system + | calculated | weaving - | | | new | the | made | | | concepts in | movement of | interacted | | | math ex. | some | ornaments + | | | Concept of | planets | life-size | | | 0 | | field of | | | |   | corn out of | | | - Created a | | silver and | | | writing | | gold | | | system | | | | | called | | - Worked with | | | glyphs ( | | cotton + | | | symbols) | | wool, | | | and written | | particular | | | pieces ( | | patterns | | | codex) | | were used | | | | | to indicate | | | | | high | | | | | statues | | | | | members of | | | | | society | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Decline** | -  Enviroment | -  In the | -  Began to | | | al | early 1500s | suffer form | | | change + | contact | internal | | | drought to | with | conflict | | | feed | Euorpeans | | | | everyone | brought an | - Lasted only | | | | end to the | 100 years | | | - Warfare | empire | | | | increased | | - Arrival of | | | want for | | Spanish in | | | land | | Peru in | | | | | 1532 marked | | | - Abuse of | | the end of | | | power by | | the Incan | | | kings such | | empire\ | | | as Yax Pak | | \ | | | of Copan | | \ | | | | | \ | | | - Declined | | \ | | | around 900 | |   | | | but did not | | | | | disappear | | | | | | | | | | -   | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Due Date** | **Chapter and | | | | | Section Number | | | | | Name Period | | | | | \#** | | | | | | | | | | ** ** | | | | | | | | | | **Title Teacher | | | | | Name** | | | | | | | | | | ** ** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | ** ** |   | | | | | | | | | **. The song |  ** ** | | | | dynasty** | | | | | | China split | | | |   | apart after | | | | | Tang dynasty. | | | |   | | | | | | Reunified | | | |   | with Song | | | | | dynasty in 960. | | | |   | | | | | | Ruled for 300 | | | |   | years, ending | | | | | in 1279. | | | |   | | | | | | Produced | | | | **The | significant | | | | government + | achievements | | | | civil Service** | and prosperity. | | | | | | | | |   | Chinese | | | | | civilization | | | |   | became the | | | | | world\'s most | | | |   | advanced under | | | | | Song | | | |   | | | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | | Established a | | | |   | capital at | | | | | Kaifeng and | | | |   | restored | | | | | centralized | | | |   | government | | | | | control | | | | **The southern | | | | | song** | Expanded | | | | | government | | | |   | bureaucracy for | | | | | empire | | | |   | management. | | | | | | | | |   | Reformed | | | | | civil service | | | |   | examination | | | | | system → helped | | | |   | ensure govt | | | | | officials were | | | |   | talented | | | | | | | | | **Cultural | - Tested | | | | achievements** | grasp of | | | | | Confusionis | | | |   | m + | | | | | related | | | |   | ideas | | | | | | | | |   | Introduced | | | | | new form of | | | |   | Confusionism | | | | | Neo | | | | **Literature + | (New)-Confucian | | | | Art** | ism, | | | | | emphasized | | | |   | ethics + | | | | | spiritual | | | | **Poetry** | matters | | | | | | | | |   | Civil service | | | | | exams were | | | |   | difficult, but | | | | | those who | | | | **Art** | passed became | | | | | scholar-officia | | | |   | ls-elite | | | | | educated | | | |   | members of govt | | | | | | | | |   | Exams became | | | | | a pathway to | | | | **Pottery** | wealth and | | | | | status, making | | | |   | them more | | | | | accessible to | | | |   | ordinary | | | | | people. | | | | **Architecture* | | | | | * |   | | | | | | | | |   | Despite | | | | | achievements, | | | |   | Song rulers | | | | | couldn\'t | | | | **Inventions + | regain lost | | | | Innovations** | northern and | | | | | western lands | | | |   | that Tang lost | | | | | | | | |   | Nomads | | | | | threatened Song | | | |   | borders, | | | | | despite | | | | **Tang** | attempts to buy | | | | | peace. | | | |   | | | | | | **Jurchen**, | | | |   | a nomadic | | | | | people, | | | |   | conquered | | | | | northern China | | | |   | in the 1120s. | | | | | | | | |   | Despite this, | | | | | the Song | | | |   | dynasty | | | | | continued to | | | |   | rule in the | | | | | south for 150 | | | | **Song** | years as the | | | | | Southern Song | | | |   | dynasty | | | | | | | | |   | \* * | | | | | | | | |   | \* * | | | | | | | | |   | Tong + Song | | | | | periods of | | | |   | Enhanced art | | | | | and literature | | | |   | | | | | | Boost in | | | |   | science + | | | | | technology | | | |   | | | | | |   | | | | **Prosperity + | | | | | society** |   | | | | | | | | |   | \* * | | | | | | | | |   | Tang period | | | | | produced | | | |   | China\'s | | | | | greatest poets: | | | | **Agriculture** | Du Fu and Li | | | | | Bo. | | | |   | | | | | | Du Fu\'s | | | |   | poems expressed | | | | | Confucian | | | |   | ideals + war | | | | | horrors. | | | |   | | | | | | Li Bo\'s | | | |   | poems focused | | | | | on friendship, | | | |   | life joys, | | | | | nature, and | | | |   | solitude. | | | | | | | | | **Trade** | Li Bo\'s poem | | | | | expresses | | | |   | nighttime | | | | | homesickness. | | | |   | | | | | | Tang artist | | | |   | Wu Daozi | | | | | created | | | |   | lifelike murals | | | | | celebrating | | | |   | Buddhism and | | | | | nature | | | |   | | | | | | - Really | | | |   | lifelike-so | | | | | me | | | |   | thought he | | | | | had powers | | | |   | | | | | | Song artists | | | |   | created | | | | | landscapes | | | | **City Life** | using black | | | | | ink. | | | |   | | | | | | Tang period | | | |   | is known for | | | | | pottery | | | |   | figurines ( to | | | | | go in tombs), | | | |   | often depicting | | | | | horses or | | | |   | entertainment ( | | | | | dancing, polo, | | | |   | other games) | | | | | | | | |   | Song artisans | | | | | excelled in | | | |   | making | | | | | **porcelain** | | | |   | | | | | | - Porcelain | | | |   | covered in | | | | | white, | | | |   | black or | | | | | green | | | | **Society** | glazes | | | | | | | | | | Song | | | | | porcelain was | | | | | admired | | | | | globally due to | | | | | its quality. | | | | | | | | | | - Indian | | | | | Bhuddism | | | | | temples | | | | | inspired | | | | | Chinese | | | | | **Pagodas** | | | | | | | | | | - Multistory | | | | | buildings | | | | | w/ roofs | | | | | that curled | | | | | upward at | | | | | each corner | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | **Major | | | | | invention**: | | | | | Gunpowder, used | | | | | in fireworks in | | | | | China | | | | | | | | | | - Spread | | | | | around | | | | | world + | | | | | used as | | | | | firearms, | | | | | and | | | | | cannons, | | | | | [transforme | | | | | d | | | | | warfare]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | | | | | | T**echnical | | | | | advance Tang**: | | | | | Perfection of | | | | | the magnetic | | | | | compass, | | | | | revolutionizing | | | | | sea travel and | | | | | increasing | | | | | world | | | | | exploration. | | | | | | | | | | - Paper + ink | | | | | made in | | | | | china | | | | | | | | | | **Printing | | | | | invention | | | | | Tang**: | | | | | Woodblock | | | | | printing, a | | | | | method where | | | | | text is carved | | | | | into a wood | | | | | block, coated | | | | | with ink, and | | | | | pressed against | | | | | paper. | | | | | | | | | | Blocks could | | | | | be reused for | | | | | other prints. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | \* * | | | | | | | | | | - Inventors | | | | | during Song | | | | | dynasty | | | | | developed | | | | | **movable | | | | | type**, a | | | | | faster | | | | | method | | | | | using | | | | | blocks for | | | | | carving | | | | | individual | | | | | letters or | | | | | characters, | | | | | blocks + | | | | | letters | | | | | could be | | | | | re-arranged | | | | | based on | | | | | needs | | | | | | | | | | Despite being | | | | | faster than | | | | | woodblock | | | | | printing, it | | | | | was | | | | | [infrequently | | | | | used]{.underlin | | | | | e} | | | | | in China due to | | | | | the vast number | | | | | of Chinese | | | | | characters. | | | | | | | | | | Paper money, | | | | | a lighter and | | | | | easier form of | | | | | currency, | | | | | quickly spread | | | | | in Song China | | | | | due to its | | | | | convenience. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | \* * | | | | | | | | | | Improved trade | | | | | and | | | | | agriculture. | | | | | | | | | | Growth of | | | | | cities. | | | | | | | | | | Societal | | | | | changes | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Increased | | | | | Agricultural | | | | | productivity | | | | | due to new | | | | | irrigation | | | | | techniques ( | | | | | increased | | | | | farming land) | | | | | and | | | | | fast-ripening | | | | | rice ( from | | | | | Southwest | | | | | Asia)- could | | | | | grow 2-3 crops | | | | | a year | | | | | | | | | | Increased | | | | | production of | | | | | cotton and tea, | | | | | making them | | | | | important | | | | | crops. | | | | | | | | | | Tea became | | | | | popular during | | | | | the Song | | | | | dynasty. | | | | | | | | | | Increased | | | | | food production | | | | | led to | | | | | population | | | | | growth, | | | | | reaching around | | | | | 70 million by | | | | | the 740s of | | | | | tang. | | | | | | | | | | - Song | | | | | dynasty | | | | | farmers fed | | | | | 100million | | | | | people- | | | | | made China | | | | | most | | | | | populous | | | | | country in | | | | | the world | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | - Agriculture | | | | | and trade | | | | | expanded | | | | | due to road | | | | | and canal | | | | | improvement | | | | | s. | | | | | | | | | | Rural farm | | | | | products+ other | | | | | goods could be | | | | | transported to | | | | | local markets. | | | | | | | | | | Foreign trade | | | | | expanded | | | | | through land | | | | | routes - Tang | | | | | dynasty mostly | | | | | Silk Roads for | | | | | foreign trade | | | | | | | | | | - Routes | | | | | connected | | | | | China to | | | | | Central | | | | | Asia, + | | | | | Indian | | | | | subcontinen | | | | | t | | | | | | | | | | Sea trade | | | | | with Japan, | | | | | Korea, and | | | | | Southeast Asia | | | | | also | | | | | flourished. | | | | | | | | | | Sea trade | | | | | became more | | | | | important in | | | | | due to loss of | | | | | Tang land in | | | | | Central Asian | | | | | lands. | | | | | | | | | | Advances in | | | | | sailing and | | | | | shipbuilding | | | | | techniques | | | | | facilitated | | | | | this shift. | | | | | | | | | | During the | | | | | Song dynasty, | | | | | foreign | | | | | merchants | | | | | filled China\'s | | | | | port cities. | | | | | | | | | | Enhanced | | | | | importance of | | | | | merchants | | | | | during Song | | | | | dynasty. | | | | | | | | | | Development | | | | | of money and | | | | | banking system. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Growing farming | | | | | and trade led | | | | | to urban | | | | | expansion in | | | | | China. | | | | | | | | | | City streets | | | | | were bustling | | | | | with shops, | | | | | teahouses, | | | | | restaurants, | | | | | and markets. | | | | | | | | | | - City | | | | | bustled w/ | | | | | activity + | | | | | provided | | | | | foreign | | | | | goods | | | | | | | | | | Entertainment | | | | | districts | | | | | provided | | | | | entertainment. | | | | | | | | | | Tang capital, | | | | | **Chang'an**, | | | | | had over 1 | | | | | million people | | | | | ( also had 1 | | | | | mill, living | | | | | around it) and | | | | | was a major | | | | | trade center. | | | | | | | | | | During the | | | | | Song dynasty, | | | | | cities had | | | | | millions or | | | | | more people. | | | | | | | | | | Sea trade | | | | | boosted | | | | | China\'s port | | | | | cities. | | | | | | | | | | Despite | | | | | urbanization, | | | | | most Chinese | | | | | lived in the | | | | | countryside and | | | | | farmed. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Decline in | | | | | aristocratic | | | | | families and | | | | | rise of | | | | | **gentry** | | | | | class. | | | | | | | | | | **Gentry** | | | | | included | | | | | scholar-officia | | | | | ls | | | | | and powerful | | | | | leading | | | | | landowners. | | | | | | | | | | [Most Chinese | | | | | were | | | | | peasants]{.unde | | | | | rline}, | | | | | farming, paying | | | | | taxes, and | | | | | receiving | | | | | little formal | | | | | education. | | | | | | | | | | In Song, | | | | | Women\'s status | | | | | declined, | | | | | especially | | | | | among upper | | | | | class women who | | | | | were encouraged | | | | | to stay home | | | | | | | | | | **Foot | | | | | binding** | | | | | practice ( wrap | | | | | cloth around | | | | | feet starting | | | | | from young age) | | | | | was done for | | | | | desire of | | | | | small, dainty | | | | | feet - deformed | | | | | foot overtime + | | | | | painful | | | | | | | | | | Women with | | | | | bound feet had | | | | | difficulty | | | | | walking or | | | | | other | | | | | activities. | | | | | | | | | | - Bound feet | | | | | became | | | | | symbol of | | | | | husbands | | | | | authority | | | | | over wife | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | \* * | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | \* * | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | \* * | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ |   |   | | | | | | | | |   | pg 312. | | | | | | | | | **Summary** | The Song | | | | | dynasty ruled | | | |   | China for 300 | | | | | years, marked | | | |   | by significant | | | | | cultural and | | | | | economic | | | | | achievements. | | | | | Their inability | | | | | to reclaim lost | | | | | territories | | | | | ultimately led | | | | | to their | | | | | downfall. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Pg.313 | | | | | | | | | | The Tang and | | | | | Song dynasties | | | | | were periods of | | | | | significant | | | | | cultural and | | | | | technological | | | | | advancement in | | | | | China. Chinese | | | | | art flourished, | | | | | particularly in | | | | | painting and | | | | | ceramics. The | | | | | Chinese also | | | | | made | | | | | groundbreaking | | | | | innovations in | | | | | technology: | | | | | gunpowder, the | | | | | magnetic | | | | | compass, and | | | | | woodblock | | | | | printing, which | | | | | had a profound | | | | | impact on the | | | | | world. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | PG.314 | | | | | | | | | | The Song | | | | | dynasty\'s | | | | | innovations, | | | | | particularly | | | | | movable type | | | | | printing and | | | | | paper money, | | | | | significantly | | | | | impacted world | | | | | history. These | | | | | innovations, | | | | | and | | | | | advancements in | | | | | agriculture and | | | | | technology, | | | | | contributed to | | | | | the prosperity | | | | | and cultural | | | | | achievements of | | | | | the Song | | | | | dynasty and had | | | | | a lasting | | | | | influence on | | | | | global | | | | | development. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Pg. 315 | | | | | | | | | | During the Tang | | | | | and Song | | | | | dynasties, | | | | | China | | | | | experienced | | | | | significant | | | | | growth in | | | | | population, | | | | | trade, cities, | | | | | and economy. | | | | | this progress | | | | | was accompanied | | | | | by a decline in | | | | | the status of | | | | | women, | | | | | particularly | | | | | among the upper | | | | | class. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Due Date | Chapter and | | | | | Section Number | | | | | Name Period \# | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Title Teacher | | | | | Name | | | | | | | | | |   | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ |   |   | | | | | | | | | The Zhou | Taken over | | | | dynasty | from Shang | | | | | around 1100 BC. | | | |   | | | | | | Divided into | | | |   | two periods: | | | | | Western Zhou | | | |   | (ruled from | | | | | Xian) and | | | |   | Eastern Zhou | | | | | (response to | | | |   | Chinese | | | | | conflict). | | | |   | | | | | | Western Zhou | | | | The government | period marked | | | | | by cultural | | | |   | achievements | | | | | and peaceful | | | |   | rule. | | | | | | | | | Mandate of | Eastern Zhou | | | | heaven | period marked | | | | | by eastern | | | |   | expansion to | | | | | Luoyang. | | | |   | | | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | | Zhou leaders | | | | Dynastic cycle | feared Chinese | | | | | rejection after | | | |   | overthrowing | | | | | Shang | | | |   | | | | | | Introduced | | | |   | Mandate of | | | | | Heaven | | | |   | principle for | | | | | rule | | | | Zhou | acceptance. | | | | Achievements | | | | | | Mandate: Gods | | | |   | supported just | | | | | rulers, not | | | |   | corrupt ones. | | | | | | | | |   | Zhou | | | | | overthrew | | | |   | Shanghai due to | | | | | losing gods\' | | | |   | favor, due to | | | | | Mandate | | | |   | | | | | | Mandate of | | | |   | Heaven used by | | | | | later Chinese | | | |   | rulers to | | | | | explain the | | | | Decline of Zhou | dynastic cycle: | | | | | The rise+ falls | | | |   | of dynasties in | | | | | China | | | |   | | | | | | Dynasties | | | | Warring States | losing power | | | | Period | were deemed | | | | | corrupt. | | | |   | | | | | | Overthrown | | | |   | dynasties were | | | | | god\'s will. | | | |   | | | | | | Historians | | | |   | still use | | | | | dynasty cycle | | | |   | in early | | | | | Chinese history | | | |   | studies. | | | | | | | | | New |   | | | | philosophies | | | | | | Learned to | | | |   | use iron → | | | | | backbone of | | | |   | economy. | | | | | | | | |   | - Iron | | | | | strong+ | | | |   | cast more | | | | | cheaply | | | |   | than bronze | | | | | | | | |   | Iron weapons | | | | | strengthened | | | |   | the Zhou army. | | | | | | | | |   | New weapons | | | | | like catapult | | | |   | and China\'s | | | | | first cavalry | | | |   | were developed. | | | | | | | | |   |   | | | | | | | | |   | - Under Zhou | | | | | Chinas pop. | | | |   | grew | | | | | | | | |   | Pop. growth | | | | | led to | | | |   | increased | | | | | harvest size | | | |   | and food | | | | | surpluses. | | | |   | | | | | | Cities also | | | |   | grew, | | | | | facilitating | | | |   | better | | | | | transportation | | | |   | and | | | | | communication. | | | |   | → Canals, roads | | | | | | | | | Confucianism | Zhou | | | | | introduced | | | |   | coins and | | | | | chopsticks, | | | |   | still used | | | | | today. | | | |   | | | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | | Conflict | | | |   | arose in late | | | | | Zhou dynasty. | | | |   | | | | | | Clan leaders | | | |   | rebelled | | | | | against king. | | | |   | | | | | | Local leaders | | | |   | turned against | | | | | Zhou, weakening | | | |   | rule. | | | | | | | | |   |   | | | | | | | | |   | - Result of | | | | | rebellion | | | |   | known as | | | | | Warring | | | |   | states | | | | | Period | | | |   | | | | | | 403 BC - 221 | | | |   | BC: Small | | | | | states headed | | | |   | by nobled | | | | | fought for land | | | |   | and power | | | | | | | | |   | Zhou dynasty | | | | | nominally in | | | |   | charge, power | | | | | nearly | | | | Key details | nonexistent by | | | | | mid-200s BC. | | | |   | | | | | | Qin dynasty | | | |   | emerged to end | | | | | Warring States | | | |   | Period and Zhou | | | | | dynasty. | | | |   | | | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | |   | | | |   | | | | | | Conflicts | | | |   | sparked | | | | | questioning the | | | |   | nature of | | | | | society and | | | |   | peoples\' role | | | | | in it | | | |   | | | | | | Creation of | | | |   | new Chinese | | | | | philosophies( | | | |   | ways of looking | | | | | at the world) | | | | Daoism | to understand | | | | | chaos. | | | | | | | | | | Two | | | | | influential | | | | | philosophies | | | | | created during | | | | | the late Zhou | | | | | period: | | | | | Confucianism | | | | | and Daoism. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Confucius | | | | | Laozi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 551-479 | | | | | BC | | | | | Born to | | | | | a poor but nobl | | | | | e family. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 500s BC< | | | | | /p> | | | | | | | | | | Laozi | | | | | the author of D | | | | | ao De Jin, (lar | | | | | gely unknown) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | Based on | | | | | teachings of | | | | | Kongfuzi, known | | | | | as Confucius. | | | | | | | | | | Believes in | | | | | treating others | | | | | humanely. | | | | | | | | | | Promotes love | | | | | and respect | | | | | through | | | | | traditional | | | | | rituals. | | | | | | | | | | Includes | | | | | honoring | | | | | ancestors. | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | - Believed | | | | | love and | | | | | respect | | | | | were | | | | | disappearin | | | | | g | | | | | in his | | | | | lifetime | | | | | | | | | | Believed this | | | | | disappearance | | | | | caused societal | | | | | violence. | | | | | | | | | | Advocated for | | | | | restoring | | | | | respect for | | | | | tradition for | | | | | stability. | | | | | | | | | | Thoughts on | | | | | how to improve | | | | | society | | | | | collected in | | | | | the Analects | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | - Believed | | | | | Rulers | | | | | should |