Art PDF

LESSON 1 BOOK - “art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known’. Art Art is also an attempt at immortality...

LESSON 1 BOOK - “art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known’. Art Art is also an attempt at immortality” - embraces a diverse spectrum of human activities , yielding expressive products John Dewey that showcase not only technical - “ art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mastery but also the power to evoke mind- one that demands its own emotions, capture beauty, and convey satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of abstract ideas. matter to new and more significant form” - it constitutes an act of giving form to thoughts, sentiments, and observations, Plato serving as a bridge between the - “art is that which brings life in harmony tangible and the intangible. with the beauty of the world.” - enables communication of intricate concepts that elude verbal VALUE OF ART representation, encapsulating the nuances of human experience Hedonistic Theory - it extends to the realm of emotion, - this theory holds that the most valuable resonating uniquely with each aspect of art is the sens of pleasure that individual, as personal histories and is provided by the mediums of aesthetic stories shape the a conscious creation, expression the joy of colour, sound, and a result of cultivated skill and boundless the rhythm of the line and shape. imaginations finding embodiment in - it is particularly applicable to industrial mediums ranging from painting and art, where beauty is often associated sculpture to photography and with luxury rather than practicality; but installation art. also to painting and sculpture, when viewed as decorative object. DEFINITIONS OF ART PROMINENT FIGURES - partially true, as all the artistic media are IN PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE inherently pleasurable; and no one who does not possess a sensitivity to purely Dostoevsky sensual values can fully immerse - “ art is a much need for humanity as himself int he beauty of the artistic eating and drinking. the need for beit is experience. to be beautiful, a piece of inseparable from humanity and without art must not only provide beautiful it man perhaps might not want to live on colours, lines, and sounds, but it also earth. Man thirsts for beauty, finds and has purpose- it must communicate accepts beauty without any conditions something but just ass it is, simply because it is beauty; and he bows down before it with Moralistic or Platonic Theory reverence without asking what use it is - According to this theory, art is a and what one can buy with it.” representation of the good and is valuable inasmuch as it allows us to Nietzsche experience pleasurable feeling or to - “art is essentially the affirmation, the contemplate lofty objects. blessing and the defecation of existence’. Art is a means of coping with Intellectualistic Theory the world we live in, our own existence - This theory states that the object of art and making sense of it all is truth; Beaut is truth; Truth, beauty. the Pleasure derived from the beauty is the Oscar Wilde same pleasure derived from the apprehension of truth; there is no distinction between science and art in  terms of purpose or value, but rather a appreciated primarily for their beauty or difference in method- science presents emotional power truth in the abstract, art in the form of a Art Appreciation particular image or example ⮚ we need this to interpret the wide variety ASSUMPTION OF ARTS of artworks all around the world ⮚ this will teach you to appreciate artwork Universality of Arts and learn to interpret subjective - reveals its remarkable ability to opinions of people about art resonate with individuals regardless of their origin. time, or cultural background PHILOSOPHY OF ART - its enduring appeal creates a timeless connection, uniting people across ❖ there is no one universal definition of art generations and geographical divides, though there is a consensus that s it demonstrating its profound impact as a conscious creation of something medium of shared human expression beautiful or meaningful using skill and imagination Art as Distinct from Nature - everyone can define art - Arts distinctiveness emerges in its role as a reflection of human interpretation ❖ etymology: art is related to the Latin rather than a direct representation of word ‘ars’ which means art, skill or craft natures inherent beauty. ❖ the first known use of the word comes - it serves as lens through which people convey their unique, perspectives, from the 13th century manuscripts offering a personalised view of the intricate nuances and grandeur found in 3 CATEGORIES OF THE DEFINITION OF ART: the natural world Art as Representation ⮚ mimesis The Essence of Experiential Art - Embedded within arts essence is the ⮚ Plato first developed the idea of art as essential requirement for personal mimesis in Greek, meaning copying or experience, As succinctly stated, all arts imitation depends on for experience, and if one is to know art, he must know it not as fact ⮚ the primary meaning of art was for or information but as experience. centuries defined as the representation - this sentiment underscores that true or replication of somethings that is comprehension of art goes beyond beautiful or meaningful factual knowledge , necessitating a deep engagement that transforms ⮚ you use other art as basis to represent information into meaningful encounters something like a theme LESSON 1 Art as Expression of Emotional Content ⮚ expression became important during the Art Romantic Movement with artwork ⮚ passion, aesthetic, self-expression, expressing a definite feeling as in the creativity, critical thinking, sublime or dramatic understanding, element, reflection, ⮚ audience response was important for medium, imagination artwork was intended to evoke an ⮚ expression or application of human emotional response creative skill and imagination, typically ⮚ emotions trigger us to create art in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be  ⮚ focuses on ‘why?’ ❖ art is not a nature (we create art from Art as Form nature) ⮚ Immanuel Kant, influential theorist at the ❖ art involves experience end of 18th century, believed that art ❖ art is timeless should be judged only on its formal qualities because the content of the work of art is not of aesthetic interest WHY DO PEOPLE MAKE ART? to capture historical event and people ⮚ how the artwork was done or made? bring attention to ordinary objects to capture the beauty of nature ⮚ formal qualities became important when to make people think art became more abstract in the 20th to evoke emotions and feelings century and the principles of art and to tell story design (balance, rhythm, harmony, to create an optical illusions unity) were used to define and assess art IMPORTANCE AND CONTRIBUTION OF CREATIVITY Art Appreciation as a way of life thinking outside the box creativity allow us to view and solve Philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre problems - defined art as the process of depicting a creativity connects us to ourselves different view of the world creativity is what set apart one artwork - he believed that every artwork has its to another own beauty, and only those with a fine creativity sometimes is a quite sense of appreciation can truly challenging experience it Role of Creativity in Art Making LESSON 2 - Creativity requires thinking outside the box. HOW TO CRITIQUE ARTWORK - Creativity is what sets apart one artwork CONSTRUCTIVELY? from another. Describe - Being creative nowadays can be quite ⮚ tell what you see (visual facts) challenging. ⮚ when we look at a work of art, our minds Art as a Production of Imagination, Imagination as a Product of Art naturally take notice of the general - Imagination is not constrained by the information that’s present walls of the norm, but goes beyond that. Guide Questions: that is why people rely on curiosity and 1. What is the name of artist who created the imagination for advancement. artwork? 2. What kind of an artwork is it? Art as Expression 3. What is the name of the artwork? - Art is an expression made visible by a 4. When was the artwork created? form. the expression contains in the 5. Name some other major events in history that form is an attempt to translate the occurred at the same time this artwork unnamed and the unknown was created? ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 6. List the literal objects in the painting (trees, people, animals, mountains, rivers, etc.) ❖ art is universal 7. What do you notice first when you look at the work/s? Why? 8. What kind of colors do you see? How would 6. Do you think there are things in the artwork you describe them? that represent other things-symbols? 9. What shapes can we see? What kind of 7. Why do you think that the artist chose to work edges do the shapes have? in this manner and made these kinds of artistic Do the shapes have? decisions? 10. Are there lines in the work? If so, what kinds 8. Why did the artists create this artwork? of lines are they? 11. What sort of textures do you see? How Judgement would you describe them? ⮚ this is your personal evaluation based 12. What time of day/night is it? How can we tell? on the understanding of the artwork/s Guide Questions: Analyze 1. Why do you think that this work has intrinsic value or worth? What is the value do you find in ⮚ mentally separate the parts or elements the work? and principles of design 2. Does the work have benefit to others? Do you find that the work communicates an idea, feeling ⮚ describe how the artist used them to or principle that would have value for others? organize the different types of technique 3. What kind of effect do you think the work Guide Questions: could have for others? 1. How has the artist used colors in the work? 4. Does the work lack value or worth? Why do 2. What sort of effect do the colors have on the you think this is so? artwork? 5. Rather than seeing the work as being very 3. How has the artist used shapes within the effective or without total value, does the work fall work of art? somewhere in-between? Do you think the work 4. How have lines been used in the work? is just okay? What do you base this opinion on? 5. What role does texture play in the work? The use of elements of art? Lack of personal 6. How has the artist used light in the work? Is expression? The work lacks a major focus? there the illusion of a scene with lights and shadows or does the artist use light and dark HOW TO TAKE A CRITICISM LIKE A CHAMP? values in a more abstracted way? know your why 7. How has the overall visual effect or mood of consider the source, not all criticism has the work been achieved by the use of value elements of art and principles of design? take control of your initial reactions 8. How was the artist’s design tools used to remember the benefit of receiving achieve a particular look or focus? feedback listen carefully Interpretation appreciates others opinion ⮚ it seeks to explain the meaning of the art work based on what you have LESSON 3 learned so far about the artwork ⮚ what do you think the artist was trying to Frank Lloyd Wright say? ⮚ art is a discovery and development of Guide Questions: elementary principles of nature into 1. What was the artist’s statement in this work? beautiful forms suitable for human use 2. What do you think it means? (ex: wood to chair, tree to paper) 3. What does it mean to you? Leo Tolstoy 4. How does this relate to you and your life? 5. What feelings do you have when looking at ⮚ art is a human activity consisting in this, this artwork? that one man consciously employing certain external signs, hands-on to  others feelings he has lived through, including biblical subjects, Christian and that others are infected by feelings dogma, and classical mythology and also experience them ⮚ 3 periods: Romanesque, Gothic, When do we say that we are involved in art? we make art Byzantine we interpret an art ⮚ example: mosaic of Jesus Christ we are the subject Renaissance HISTORY OF ARTS ⮚ re-birth Ancient Art (3000 BC – 300 BC) ⮚ period of golden age painting ⮚ started during the old stone age ⮚ it place emphasis on paintings which ⮚ developing capacity in producing tools depicted man and nature in fresco and weapons for survival marked this technique with simplicity, gesture, and period expression ⮚ more on animals hunting (parietal art) ⮚ sought fulfilment in daily life and ⮚ examples: Caves of Lascaux, Venus of believed individuals had dignity and worth Willendorf, survival tools ⮚ examples: The Creation of Adam and Egyptian Art (31st century BC - 4th century David by Michael Angelo, Monalisa and AD) The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci ⮚ consisted of forms carved in stones and Baroque Period woods ⮚ artists make use different elements such ⮚ sun, moon, stars, and sacred animals as light and shadow to produce were common subject of art dramatic effects ⮚ artists also decorated the tombs of the ⮚ the paintings show figures in diagonal, dead with scenes from his life and signs twists, and zigzags of his rank and profession ⮚ elaborately covered with decorations ⮚ examples: carving stone, Tutankhamun tomb, Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563) Rococo Hellenistic Art (4th century - 1st BC) ⮚ ⮚ taken to begin with the death of Post Modern Art (1950 – mid 1980) Alexander the Great ⮚ Art aimed to please the public as artists ⮚ the death of Alexander made the were able to achieve the simplicity, dynasties and alliances broke up into brilliance, perfect balance, ad brightness smaller kingdoms infused with Greek of colors, and sense of depth in painting cultural elements ⮚ post modern sculpture, on the other ⮚ example: marble statue hand, showed realistic figures which depicted perfect human anatomy with a Medieval Art calm and reflective look ⮚ art evolves as humans continue Contemporary Period (20th century – present) addressing the traditional and the new,  ⮚ characterized by its diversity and difficult ⮚ works additionally promoted: justice, nature with a vibrant mixture of equality, social order materials, techniques, ideas that Realism challenge he traditional and defy simple ⮚ accurate, detailed, unembellished definition depiction of nature or contemporary life WESTERN ARTS ⮚ can be located in historic Hellenistic Greek sculptures precisely portraying Ancient Greece boxers and depict historical women The development of Greek art can be divided into 4 periods: ⮚ real, what you see Geometric Period ⮚ example: statue of Old Market Woman ⮚ comprised of vases adorned in Geometric fashion painted with ⮚ art movements that revolted against the horizontal bands crammed with emotional and exaggerated themes of patterns, much like the vase of the Romanticism (1840 - 1880) preceding Proto-Geometric style ⮚ try to depict the real world exactly as it ⮚ use of lines and numerical patterns appears Archaic Period ⮚ they painted everyday subjects and ⮚ paintings on vases evolved from people geometric designs to representations of ⮚ they didn't try to interpret the settings or human figures, regularly illustrating epic tales emotional meaning to the scenes Classical Period ⮚ example: Young Women from the Hellenistic Period Village by Gustave Courbet ⮚ origin of theater and drama Impressionism ⮚ followers of Dionysus (god of Fertility) ⮚ developed by Claude Monet and other began the Greek theater Paris-based artists from the early 1860s ⮚ lets in the artist to emphasize the Ancient Rome immediate impression he has of a ⮚ the fusion of Greek and Roman cultures specific moment or scene ⮚ acknowledged to be grasp builders, ⮚ example: Starry Night by Vincent Van which earned their popularity for grand Gogh monuments and architectural ⮚ began in France and wanted to capture infrastructures a moment in time Neoclassicism ⮚ began in the 1860s and became most ⮚ introduced a universal revival in the popular in 1870s and 1880s classical notion that mirrored what used ⮚ they were more concerned with the light to be going on in political and social and color of the moment than with the arenas of the time, leading to the details of objects they were painting French Revolution Romanticism ⮚ they painted outdoors and worked ⮚ emphasis on the goodness of mankind quickly to capture the light before it changed  ⮚ example: Paris Street Rainy Day by ⮚ example: Lady in a Green Jacket by Gustave Caillebotte August Macke Post-Impressionism Fauvism ⮚ a subjective approach to painting, as ⮚ complementary colorings are pairs of artists opted to evoke emotion than shades that appear contrary to the other realism in their work on scientific models such as the color wheel, and when used side-by-side in ⮚ these include symbolic motifs, unnatural the painting make every other seem color, and painterly brushstrokes brighter ⮚ example: Artist’s Garden at Giverny by ⮚ optimistic realism Claude Monet ⮚ it is presenting the real life subject with ⮚ began from 1885 to 1910 the use of bright colors suggesting ⮚ had learned about using light, shadows, comfort, joy, and pleasure and colors in their art from ⮚ bright colors than natural colors Impressionists Cubism ⮚ wanted to add their new ideas to art ⮚ use of cubes and other patterns ⮚ began to try new subjects, techniques, ⮚ example: Bowl of Fruit Violin and Bottle perspective, and shapes to express (1914) by Pablo Picasso their thoughts and emotions to art Futurism ⮚ example: The Sleeping Gypsy by Henri ⮚ common themes were focused on the Rousseau restlessness and fast-pace of modern Neo-Impressionism life ⮚ characterized by the use of the ⮚ it highlighted the speed, energy, divisionist technique dynamism, and power of machines ⮚ divisionism attempted to put ⮚ future impressionist painting of light and color on a scientific basis by using an optical THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ART mixture of colors APPRECIATION AND ART HISTORY ⮚ example: Le Bec Hoc, Grandcamp by Art Appreciation Georges Seurat Expressionism ⮚ application of basic tools of visual ⮚ started from Germany, early part of the literacy in order to understand and appreciate works of art 1900s ⮚ it is done without knowledge and ⮚ artist wanted to paint about emotions historical content of the work (anger, anxiety, fear or peacefulness) ⮚ can be subjective depending on ⮚ convey emotions rather than reality personal preference to aesthetics and ⮚ each artist had their own way to convey form emotions, to express emotions ⮚ focused on study in order to better ⮚ the subject are often distorted or understand and analyze an art exaggerated ⮚ describes and criticize every form of art Art History ⮚ to learn the history and development of art in order to understand it as part of a large historical context ⮚ an ability to examine and interpret work based on its historical content ⮚ objective since it talks about the origins of artworks ⮚ focused to know everything about the civilization of art ⮚ provides the knowledge to the person to provide and produce progress about art