Fundamentals of Arts PDF

CPAR Fundamentals of Arts Arts - is a visual object or experience consciously created through an expression of skill or imagination. Art according to Plato An idealist It is merely an imitation or a copy of reality. It Is an illusion, a...

CPAR Fundamentals of Arts Arts - is a visual object or experience consciously created through an expression of skill or imagination. Art according to Plato An idealist It is merely an imitation or a copy of reality. It Is an illusion, a collection of reflections. He stated that true forms were created by God and they are all perfect and therefore cannot be replicated. Art according to Leo Tolstoy Expression of feelings and sentiments or intentions of the artist. It is the production of objects or elements from the external environment that pleases the environment. The best way to interpret art is by trying to understand the original intention of the maker of the artwork. Why do we make art? We make art because….. It expresses our emotions, to communicate our thoughts and feelings, and explores the depths of our imaginations. By engaging with art, we can discover more about ourselves and the world around us, and cultivate empathy and understanding. Medium Classification of Arts 1. Visual Arts These are works created primarily for visual perception, imagination, and expression. These are classified as two-dimensional arts and three-dimensional arts. CPAR Two-dimensional Three-dimensional Painting Sculpture Mixed Media Jewelry Graphic Arts Furniture Monuments 2.) Architecture Art and method of building and designing structures with an artistic element instead of relying solely on construction abilities. DIFFERENT TYPES: a.Religious b.Residential c.Industrial d.Commercial 3.) Dance Is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. TYPES OF DANCES: Ballet, Folk, Indigenous, Street, Modern, Popular, Hiphop and etc. 4.) Photography This is art through photos taken by the photographer. This may be inspired by people, objects, events, or the environment. The process of capturing light to create an image. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY? a.Fine Art Photography b.Photojournalism c.Commercial Photography CPAR A. Fine Art Photography- Imbues photos with an artistic statement and selective vision of reality. B. Photojournalism - Documentary visual account of specific subjects and events, literally representing object reality rather than the subject intent of the photographer. 5.) Theater is a collaborative art form that combines words, voice, movement, and visual elements to express meaning. composed of dialogue between various characters and divided into acts and scenes to increase the dramatic effect. Examples: Street, school plays, ritual, protest theater, stand-up comedy, and puppetry 6.) Broadcast and Televisual It is the distribution of audio and video content or other messages to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium. Examples: Television, Radio, Internet, Videoke, MTV, Youtube and Etc. 7.) Digital Arts and Computer-Mediated Works It is a comprehensive term for any manifestation of arts where computer or digital technology has been utilized in its creation. Examples: Pixilated designs, Virtual reality, Animation, and Game art 8.) Installations describe large-scale, mixed-media constructions, often designed for a specific place or for a temporary period of time. involves the installation or configuration of objects in a space, where the totality of objects and space comprise the artwork. 9.) Music An art that involves the creative use of sound to express insights and emotions. CPAR Its elements include rhythm, harmony, and pitch which creates a pattern or a composition together with a song and even the playing of an accompanying instrument. TYPES OF MUSIC - Folk, Indigenous, Popular, Conservatory, Reggae, Blues, Country, Rock And Pop ————————————————————————————————————————— Values of Art 1.) Aesthetic Value - It refers to the value which causes an obįect to be a “work of art”. This is a quality which appeals to our sense of beauty. 2.) Intellectual Value - an artwork that stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by making us realize fundamental truths about ourselves, about other human beings, and about the world around us. 3.) Suggestiveness Value- This is the quality associated with the emotional power of art. Great works of art move us deeply and stir our feelings and imagination, evoking visions above and beyond the plain ordinary of life. 4.) Spiritual Value - Art elevates the spirit by bringing moral values that make us better persons. The capacity to inspire is part of the spiritual value of art. 5.) Permanence Value - A great work of art endures. It can be viewed again and again as each encounter gives fresh delight and new insights and opens new worlds of meaning and experience. Its appeal is lasting. 6.) Universality Value - Great art is timeless and timely. It is forever relevant and appeals to one and all, anytime, anywhere because it deals with elemental feelings, fundamental truths, and universal conditions. Ex. Mona Lisa, Starry Night, etc. 7.) Style Value - This is the peculiar way in which an artist sees his subįect, forms his ideas, and expresses them. Great artworks are marked as much by their memorable substance as well as by their style. —————————————————————————————————————————— CPAR Elements of Art 1.) Form - the physical structure or shape of a work of art. Artists can represent three-dimensional form on a two dimensional surface by rendering shapes, highlights, and shadows. 2.) Lines the act of creating an illustration using basic strokes of varying weights and angles that demonstrate form and depth. used to define shapes and figures, but also to indicate motion, emotion, and other elements. used to define shapes and figures, but also to indicate motion, emotion, and other elements. 3.) Color - Is the element that is produced when light strikes an image. Creates the mood of the artist. Hue - a particular variety of a color. The term or title we assign to colors such as yellow, black, blue, or red. Intensity - the vividness of the color. It is the saturation strength or intensity of the image’s color. Value – the lightness or darkness of the color. 4.) Space - refer to the artist's use of the area within the picture plane. the area around, above, and within an object. TWO AREAS: 1. Negative Area - the area around the primary objects 2. Positive Area - the space occupied by the primary objects. 5.) Texture - Denotes the smoothness, and ruggedness of the image or object. the perceived surface quality of a work of art. It may be perceived physically, through the sense of touch, or visually, or both. CPAR 6.) Shape a flat, enclosed area of an artwork created through lines, textures, or colors. define the outline or the boundary of an object have two dimensions–height and width–and are usually defined by lines. —————————————————————————————————————————— PHILIPPINE ART TIMELINE PRE-COLONIAL ARTS 1.) Literature Came in the form of folk speeches, songs, and narratives. This folk literature verbalized their experiences. A. Folk Speeches Riddles - a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question posed as a problem to be solved or guessed Other name of Riddle in different Regions >Tigno-Cebuano >Bugtong-Tagalog >Paktakon-Ilonggo >Patototdon-Bicol B. Proverbs or Aphorisms - Rules of conduct and community beliefs that instill values through short verses with rhyme and full of wisdom. EXAMPLE: TANAGA – an indigenous Filipino poem, traditionally in the Tagalog language consisting of four lines with seven syllables each. These are insights and lessons on life according to life experiences. CPAR C. Folk Narratives- These are stories handed down from remote past by words of mouth from one generation to another reflecting people’s traditions, feelings, beliefs, and judgments. 2.) Visual Arts - Pottery, weaving, wood carving, and metal crafting were dominant during the pre-colonial period making use of the available materials surrounding them. A.Pottery - consists of objects made of clay and hardened with heat. This is one of the most ancient arts during the pre-colonial Philippines. B. Weaving - the process of producing fabric by interlacing warp and weft threads. It evolved from pre-colonial communities and has been a traditional source of living. -Textiles and blankets with blackstrap loom for daily needs. It is used in religious rites and rituals. EXAMPLE: T’nalak- Tboli Tribe (South Cotabato) C. Sculpture - three-dimensional artwork which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width, and depth. EXAMPLES: 1. BULUL - (ancestral spirits and gods) 2. Okir- Ornate curvilinear designs carved in woods (Maranao & Tausug) 3. Sarimanok- bird painted in multi-color D. Jewelry Making - Pre-colonial dwellers adorn themselves with highly intricate ornaments made of precious metals such as gold. ————————————————————————————————————————— CPAR HISPANIC PERIOD Literary works could be classified into religious and secular prose and poetry. 1. Poetry - a type of literature, or artistic writing, that attempts to stir a reader's imagination or emotions. Examples: DALIT- has no fixed rhyme scheme and they are identifiable only by their solemn tone and spiritual topic. PASYON- religion narrative poetry which recounts the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. AWIT o KORIDO- prominent secular poetry is the metrical romance which are colorful tales of chivalry in Europe made for singing and chanting such as Ibong Adarna and Francisco Balagtas "Florante at Laura" 2. Prose a style in writing that does not follow a structure of rhyming or meter. Religious narrative prose consists of those written to prescribe proper behavior. Manual de Urbanidad- which contains prescriptions on social propriety in the form of proverbs, maxims, dialogues and short illustrative tales of devout behavior. Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at ni Feliza-1864 by Modesto de Castro shows a dialogue about how behavior can be learned through exchange of insights. 3.) Architecture mostly depicted religious subject matters. Manifested of building churches in every town and plaza all over the archipelago. EXAMPLES: Indigenous design and European classical or baroque. Carrozas/floats- silver orname (images of the Santos). CPAR 4.) Printmaking -artistic process based on the principle of transferring images from a matrix onto another surface, most often paper or fabric. Xylographic Method- using woodblocks Examples: Doctrina Christiana or Christian Doctrine ( first published book in the Philippines ) In Defense of the True Religion -Dominican order 1593 5.) Painting practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface Focus of the painting during Spanish rule were indigenous icons, saints and religious scenes were evident in the stone walls and ceilings of the churches, monasteries, schools, chapels, conventos or friar residence. Juan Luna on his SPOLARIUM and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo on his "CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE" which won the 1884 Madrid Exposition. —————————————————————————————————————————— AMERICAN PERIOD Marked the profound changes in Philippine Arts as the introduction of public education brought literacy and the further westernization of the Filipinos. The Spaniards sell the Filipinos to the Americans worth $20,000. First teaches Filipinos - Thomasites 1.) LITERARY ART Imposed English as the medium of instruction. Development of the free verse, modern short story and critical essay which were Written in English. University of the Philippines became the center of modern writing through College Folio and the Literacy Apprentice. Jose Garcia Villa- Art for art's sake inspired the Filipino writers to use vernacular or native languages published in Liwayway and Bisaya, Hiligaynon and Bannawag. CPAR Essay Carlos P. Romulo and Jorge Bocobo These essays embarked on the social, political and economic realities of those times. 2.) VISUAL ART Visual arts illustration and cartoons of the American controlled textbooks and publications. Sarcastic and critical impressions on the colonial system. Painting Modernism- Fernando Amorsolo and Victorio Edades (bright sparkling colors' and bursting sunlight) Fernando Amorsolo- developed the backlighting technique Theme of their Artwork are: ~ Rural Life of working men and women either farming or fishing ~ Commercial purposes (advertising and commercial products. ~ Sweat and grime work (figures are distorted and naked) ~ Hardships of the working class in the Philippines. Sculpture Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon Abueva Learned a wide variety of materials and techniques. Wood (narra and molave) Metal-brass, bronze and aluminum. UP Oblation -symmetry, restrain and discipline which classical ideals. Arms- wide open knowledge that will bring change. MacArthur Leyte Landing Memorial National Park (also known as the Leyte Landing Memorial Park and MacArthur Park) is a protected area of the Philippines that commemorates the historic landing of General Douglas MacArthur in Leyte Gulf lat the start of the campaign to recapture and liberate the Philippines from Japanese occupation on 20 October 1944. CPAR This event led to the largest naval battle of World War I| and Japan's eventual defeat and surrender after almost three years. 1. Poetry Theme- love of country, rural life, religion and arts. HAIKU- free verse (short with wide meaning, 3 short lines that do not rhyme) TANAGA- SHORT WITH RHYME AND MEASURE 2. Short Story Narciso Reyes- Lupang Tinubuan Liwayway Arceo- Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa NVM Gonzales- Lunsod, Nayon at Dagat-Dagatan Leon Ma. Guerero, Raul Manglapuz and Carlos Bulusan- uses English (wrote propaganda reiterating on the their nationalist sentiments) Evident in short stories focus in Nationalism as well as the concerns of the National interest during Japanese Occupation VISUAL ART 1.) Painting - is used to produce materials for propaganda. Leaflets, flyers and posters which were graphically designed carrying propaganda slogans. Imposition of Nihonggo and awarding off American influence Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco and Galo Ocampo. (fluid and brilliant colors) Flagellants (penitence lent and Images of war) Christmas Eve- Emilio Santiago (nostalgia about peace and others depicting the atrocities of war) 2.) Sculpture Luz and Eduardo Castrillo created large-scale outdoor sculptures produced minimalist and geometric sculpture. Manifest absence of peace and the presence of chaos as evident in the distorted and emotional figures. MODERN ART CONTEMPORARY ART CPAR an expression of individuality more about experimentation and freedom arts refers to the period that began in the art of today 1880s and that lasted until the 1970s or so. denotes the styles and philosophies of the focuses on social impact, with society as art produced during that era. the primary focus. — happening or beginning now or in recent times. — Produced by artists living in the 21st century. —————————————————————————————————————————— Philippine Art Timeline NCCA ( National Commission For Culture And The Arts ) It is the overall policy-making body, coordinating, and grants-giving agency for the preservation, development, and promoti of Philippine arts and culture. Executive Order No. 118 - Presidential Commission on Culture and the Arts (1987) R.A. 7356 - Establishment of NCCA Also, an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts programs and projects. CPAR Alab ng Haraya, (The Flame of Imagination), which symbolizes the wellspring of Filipino art and culture. It is composed of two basic elements – the fire and the censer The fire is a stylized letter K in Philippine indigenous script that stands for kadakilaan or greatness. The fire represents the highest level of imagination and emanates from a three-tiered censer The three tiers stand for organization, economic support, and an orientation rooted in a thorough grasp of tradition and history, which the NCCA provides. Done in gold to symbolize the immense wealth of Philippine culture it was designed by the late Romeo “Boy” Togonon. ———————————————————————————————————————— NATIONAL ARTISTS The Order of National Artists (Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts, namely: Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film, Broadcast Arts, and Architecture and Allied Arts. The order is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the Cultural Center of the Philippines and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions. The Order of National Artists (Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts, namely. Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film, Broadcast Arts, and Architecture and Allied Arts. CPAR The order is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the Cultural Center of the Philippines and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both instructions. Artists who have created a significant body of works andlor have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, enriching artistic expression or style; and Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through prestigious national andlor international recognition, Awai a in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline. Benefits: 1. a cash Award of one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) net of taxes, for living awardees; 2. a cash Award of seventy-five thousand pesos (P75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir/s; 3. a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits 4. life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable; 5. a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani; 6. a place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events. LEANDRO V. LOCSIN National Artist for Architecture, 1990 (August 15, 1928 – November 15, 1994) CPAR reshaped the urban landscape with a distinctive architecture reflective of Philippine Art and Culture. born in Silay City, Negros Occidental on August 15, 1928. He went to De La Salle College Manila. Produced 75 residences and 88 buildings, including 11 churches and chapels, 23 public buildings, 48 commercial buildings, six major hotels, and an airport terminal building. Notable Works: Istana Nurul Iman - the palace of the Sultan of Brunei CCP Complex - a virtual Locsin Complex with all five buildings designed by him NORA C. VILLAMOR a.k.a Nora Aunor National Artist for Film and Broadcast Arts (2022) The “Superstar” has an extensive filmography— 170 films—is exceeded only by the number of awards and citations she has received from local and international organizations. Notable Works: And God Smiled at Me - In 1972, her performance earned, her first ever Best Actress trophy at the Quezon City Film Festival. CPAR Andrea, Paano ba ang Maging Isang Ina? - In 1990, she scored a grandslam: all of the five award-giving bodies Urian, FAMAS, FAP, MMFF and PMPC— gave her the Best Actress trophy LINO BROCKA National Artist for Film and Broadcast Arts (1997) (April 3, 1939 - May 22, 1991) took his social activist spirit to the screen leaving behind 66 films which breathed life and hope for the marginalized sectors of society - slum-dwellers, prostitutes, construction workers, etc. Notable Works: "Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang" - Considered one of Brocka's most important films,it won six awards (including Best Picture) at the 23rd FAMAS Awards in 1975. Andrea, Paano ba ang Maging Isang Ina? 1992 FAMAS Awards, Best Child Actress, Nominated 1992 Gawad Urian Awards, Best Supporting Actor FERNANDO AMORSOLO National Artist for Visual Arts (May 30, 1892 - April 24, 1972) CPAR The first National Artist The official title "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art" Amorsolo developed the backlighting technique that became his trademark. Notable Works: Sunday Morning Going to Town (1958)- Ayala Museum Collection. Planting Rice (1946)- UCPB collection GUILLERMO TOLENTINO National Artist for Sculpture (1973) (July 24, 1890 - July 12, 1976) a product of the Revival period in Philippine art. well-known sculptor and considered The Father of the Philippine Arts and his substantial contributions not only to the local or foreign art scene, but also to Notable Works: He also designed the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay Award life-size busts of Jose Rizal at UP and UE CPAR EDITH L. TIEMPO National Artist for Literature (1999) (April 22, 1919 - August 21, 2011) A poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic, Edith L. Tiempo is one of the finest Filipino writers in English. Her works are characterized by a remarkable fusion of style and substance, of craftsmanship and insight. Notable Works: Tiempo's published works include the novel A Blade of Fern (1978), The Native Coast (1979), and The Alien Corn (1992); The poetry collections, The Tracks of Babylon and Other Poems (1966), and The Charmer's Box and Other Poems(1993); Short story collection Abide, Joshua, and Other Stories(1964). ALICE REYES National Artist for Dance (2014) CPAR As a dancer, choreographer, teacher, and director, she made an impact on the development and promotion of contemporary dance in the Phi. Perhaps the biggest contribution of Alice Reyes to Philippine dance is the development of a distinctly Filipino modern dance idiom. Notable Works: First staged by Ms. Reyes when she was artistic director and founder of Ballet Philippines, Rama Hari was hailed as a masterpiece—a product of the milestone collaboration of Alice Reyes (ballet choreography) Bayanihan Remembered (1987) RYAN CAYABYAB National Artist for Music (2018) Birthday: 4 May 1954 Conservatory or art compositions -concert, religious, music, symphonic work, arT song, opera, concerto Mainstream popular - in the music industry and in live contemporary multimedia shows (musical theater, dance, and film). CPAR Notable Works: Smokey Mountain (Pop CD album, 1990) Ryan Cayabyab- ONE JOVITA FUENTES National Artist for Music (1976) (February 15, 1895 - August 7, 1978) Her dream to develop the love for opera among her countrymen led her to found the Artists' Guild of the Philippines, which was responsible for the periodic "Tour of Operaland" productions. Notable Works: JOVITA FUENTES - Puccini - 'Sì, mi chiamano Mimi' from La boheme JOVITA FUENTES: NASAAN KA IROG? (circa 1928) AMELIA LAPEÑA-BONIFACIO National Artist for Theater (2018) CPAR Birthday: 4 April 1930 She has written most of the plays performed by the group based on materials culled from painstaking researches. She has also been involved in the production and design of puppets. Notable Works: 6 na Dulang Filipino Para Sa Mga Bata, 1976 Tat-lu-han (Three Plays), 1975 Ang Paglalakbay ni Sisa: Isang Noh Sa Laguna, 1998 Isang Kyogen sa Pritil, 1977 Sepang Loca, 1957 Papet Pasyon, 1985 Abadeja: Ang Ating Sinderela, 1977 The National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA) plays a vital role in preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines, ensuring CPAR that the country's diverse artistic expressions are celebrated and sustained. By recognizing and supporting National Artists, the NCCA honors individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts, serving as cultural icons and inspiring future generations. The collaboration between the NCCA and National Artists helps to elevate the nation's cultural identity on both local and global stages. ——————————————————————————————————————— Art Criticism An art critique is a detailed analysis and evaluation of a work of art. While no two people will experience the same reaction to a work of art,or interpret it the same way, there are a few basic guidelines you can follow to achieve a thoughtful, thorough critique. The basic elements of an art critique Description CPAR Analysis Interpretation Judgment Description 1. ) Gather basic information about the work. a.Title of the work b.Artist’s name c.When the piece was created d.Where it was made e.The types of media used to create the work (e.g., oil paint on canvas) f.The exact size of the work 2.) Describe what you see. Using neutral terms, describe the artwork. Your description should include things like the form and scale of the work. If the art depicts figures or objects rather than abstract shapes, describe what is represented. 3.) Discuss the elements of the work. Talk about the way the art uses these five basic elements of art and design: CPAR a.Line b.Color c.Space d.Light e.Shape Describe the use of line. Different types of lines can create different moods or effects. EXAMPLE: Curved lines can create a calming effect, while jagged lines might feel harsher and wild, or create a sense of energy. Talk about how color is used in the work Make note of characteristics like hue (red, green, blue, etc.), value (lightness or darkness), and intensity. Look at overall color schemes, and think about how the colors work together. Describe the use of space in the work CPAR When talking about space, focus on things like depth and perspective, overlapping of objects, and the use of empty space versus space crowded with details. Describe the use of light in the work Light in a work of art can look warm or cool, bright or dim, natural or artificial. Make note of the way shape is used in the work. Are the shapes in the work geometric, with straight lines and perfect curves, or are they more natural? Is the work dominated by any one particular type of shape, or a variety of different shapes? Analysis Discuss how the work uses the principles of composition. Once you have described the work, it's time to analyze it. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION? 1. Balance: How do the colors, shapes, and textures in the piece work together? Do they create a balance? A harmonious effect? or imbalance? 2. Contrast: Does the work make use of contrasting colors, textures, or lighting? 3. Movement: How does the work create a sense of movement? Is your eye drawn through the composition in a particular way? CPAR 4. Proportion: If the work shows a group of people, do any of the figures look larger or smaller than they would in real life? Identify the points) of focus of the work Most works of art have one or more points that are designed to catch your attention and draw your eye. Look at the work and make note of which feature(s) jump out at you right away, or keep drawing your eye back to them. Look for themes in the work Identify a few key themes, and discuss how the artist used the elements of design (color, light, space, shape, and line) to express these themes. EXAMPLE: The use of a color scheme to give the work a particular mood or meaning. Symbolism and religious or mythological imagery. Repeating images or motifs within a work or group of works. Interpret Try to identify the purpose of the work What do you think the artist was trying to say with the work? Why did they create the work? Try to summarize the overall meaning of the work, as you see it. CPAR Describe your own reaction to the work Think about how you feel while looking at the work. What do you think is the overall mood of the work? Does it remind you of ideas, experiences, or other works of art? Use expressive language to talk about your reaction to the work. Is the mood of the work sad? Hopeful? Peaceful? Back up your interpretation with examples Use examples from your description and analysis of the work to explain why you think and feel the way you do about the piece. Judgement Decide whether you think the work is successful or not Your goal here isn't necessarily to decide whether the art is "good" or "bad." Instead, focus on whether you think the work is "successful." EXAMPLE: Do you think the work says what the artist wanted it to say? Did the artist use their tools and techniques well? Is the art original, or does it imitate other works? CPAR Explain how you are judging the work Once you have decided on a few aspects of the work to judge, clearly state the focus of your evaluation. You might say that you are judging the piece on how well organized it is, how well done it is technically, and how successfully it portrays the intended mood or themes. Summarize why you think the work is successful or unsuccessful In a few sentences, explain your judgment of the work. Give specific reasons for your judgment, using your interpretation and analysis of the work. EXAMPLE: "I believe this work is successful because the use of light, shape, gesture, and line all work together harmoniously to portray the mood of the subject." CPAR CPAR