Art Appreciation PDF

What is Art Introduction and Assumptions It was only during the Renaissance Period that the word reacquired a meaning that WHAT IS ART? was inherent in its ancient form of - Art is something that is perenially...

What is Art Introduction and Assumptions It was only during the Renaissance Period that the word reacquired a meaning that WHAT IS ART? was inherent in its ancient form of - Art is something that is perenially craft. Early Renaissance artist saw their around us. activities merely as craftsmanship, devoid of - It is indisputable that life presents us a whole lot of intonations that are with many forms of and attached to the word now. opportunities. It was during the 17th century when the WHY STUDY THE HUMANITIES? problem and idea of aesthetics, the study of For as long as man existed in this planet: beauty, began to unfold distinctly - he has cultivated the land - altered the conditions of the fauna It was finally in the 18th century when the and the flora, in order to survive. word has evolved to distinguish between the - through his bare hands, man fine arts and the useful arts. constructed infrastructures that tended to his needs, like his house. The fine arts would come to mean "not - sharpened swords and spears. delicate or highly skilled arts but "beautiful' - employed fire in order to melt gold arts" (Collingwood, 1938) The initial meaning of the word "art" has THE GALLOPING WILD BOAR (CAVE OF something to do with all these crafts. ALTAMIRA, SPAIN) - belong to Upper Paleolithic Age The word "art" comes from the ancient - even before, man is not just crafting Latin, ars which means a "craft" or tools to live and survive but also specialized form of skill, like carpentry or expressing his feelings and smithing or surgery" (Collingwood, 1938) thoughts. Art then suggested the capacity to produce ASSUMPTIONS OF ART an intended result from carefully planned steps or methods. 1. ART IS UNIVERSAL - Literature has provided key works of The Ancient World did not have any art. conceived notion of art in the same way that - Popular one being taught in school we do now. To them, art only meant using are the two Greek epics, "the lliad the bare hands to produce and the Odyssey" and something that will be useful to one's "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" day-to-day life. - Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning generations and Ars in Medieval Latin came to mean continents through and through. something different. It meant "any special form of book-learning, such as grammar or FLORANTE AT LAURA logic, magic or astrology" (Collingwood, - Never fails to teach us the beauty of 1938). love, one that is universal and pure. IBONG ADARNA 3. ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE - always captured the imagination of - Art does not require a full definition. the young with its timeless lessons Art is just experience - "The actual doing of something" 2. ART IS NOT NATURE (Dudley 1960) - In the Philippines, it is not entirely - In order to know what an artwork is, novel to hear some consumers of we have to sense it, see and hear it. local movies remark that these - Every experience with art is movies produced locally are accompanied by some emotion. unrealistic. Feelings and emotions are concrete - They contend that local movies work proofs that the artwork has been around certain formula to the experiences. detriment of substance and faithfulness to reality of the movies. NATURE OF ART WELL AND GRINDING WHEEL IN THE DANTE ALIGHIERI FOREST OF THE CHATEAU NOIR - Italian poet and scholar. - a french painter, Paul Cezanne, - Best known for his masterpiece La painted a scene from a reality Commedia (known in English as The - The said scene is inspired by a real Divine Comedy), which is universally scene in a forest around Chateau considered one of world literature’s Noir area near Aix in Cezanne's greatest poems. native Provence. - Cezanne has changed some - Bob Ross (October 29, 1942 - July patterns and details from the way 4, 1995) they were actually in the photograph. - “Wheat Field with Cypresses” - What he did is not nature. It is art. Vincent Van Gogh - Fernando Amorsolo One important characteristic of art is that it is not nature. THE 7 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF ART - Art is man's expression of his 1. Line reception of nature. - Most basic element of art. - Art is man's way of interpreting - If a line joins up it forms an outline nature. (also called a contour). An outline - Art is made by man. creates a shape. - What we find in nature should not be expected to be present in art too. 2. Shape - When a line meets up to enclose a The Starry Night (1889) Van Gogh space, a shape is formed. The Elephant and the Blind Men - If you are seeing faces, then you are seeing the black areas as the positive space, and the white area as the negative space. 3. Value “Islamic art emphasized geometric - how light or dark something is. figures emanating from the Ultimate reality Allah to human realities, as 4. Form one of the most powerful forms of - a three-dimensional object with sacred art.” - Critchlow, 1984 volume of height, width and depth. The Cebuanos weave “Baka” a large 5. Space basket-like container of braid - lies between, around or within an bamboo strips with a hexagram object. tessellation. The design of the “Baka” reflects the animistic belief of 6. Texture Handurawisim Kinasing - heart-like - used to represent how an object shape appears or feels. Binaki - frog-like shape 7. Color Manan-aw - cascading-like - is created when light is reflected into phalaenopsis shape the viewer’s eye. Binosa - fist-like shape Badbaranay - wad-like shape Oriental artists use nature with Tinigib - chisel-like shape beautiful landscape, seascape and select flora and fauna as a subject of FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL art. PERSPECTIVE OF ART Sumbanese weavers in Indonesia Aristotle claimed that every also featured images of crocodiles, particular substance in the world has horses, deer’s, lions, and sea an end or Telos which translates into creatures in the weaving of cloth "purpose" (Forshee, 2001) Man is bound to achieve a life of fulfillment and happiness, or in Yakan weavers in Basilan, Greek, eudaimonia. Philippines portray Peneh kenna-kenna (fish-like design), FUNCTIONS OF ART peneh sawe-sawe (snake-like design), peneh dawen-dawen (folial MOTIVATED (FUNCTIONAL) design) and peneh kule-kule - Example: Architecture, weaving, (turtle-like design) furniture-making Sufism belief is based on esoteric NON-MOTIVATED (NON-FUNCTIONAL) principle that reflects simplicity in the - Example: painting, sculpture, use of geometric shapes and forms literature, music, and theater arts. in Islamic art, because beauty is objective and self-expressive of the truth (Dabbour, 2012) PERSONAL FUNCTIONS OF ART - Plato was deeply suspicious of arts - This means that its functions depend and artists for two reasons: on the person. 1. they appeal to the emotion - Art can also be therapeutic than to the rational faculty of - Art helps us to educate our senses men and sharpen our perception of 2. they imitate rather than lead colors, forms, texture, design, one to reality. sounds, rhythm, and harmonies - Visual and auditory literacy ART AS A REPRESENTATION intensified awareness of the beauty - Aristotle agreed with Plato that art is in life a form of imitation. - Art allows for the experience of SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART pleasure - it seeks or tends to influence the - Art can also be instructive. collective behavior of people. - it is created to be seen or used ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGEMENT primarily in public situations. - In the third critique that Immanuel Art performs social when: Kant wrote, the "Critique of - Influence Social Behavior Judgment," Kant considered the - Display and Celebrations judgment of beauty, the cornerstone - Social Description of art, as something that can be universal despite its subjectivity. PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART - easiest to spot and understand ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF - art can be found in artwork that is EMOTION crafted in order to serve some - Leo Tolstoy, the author of War and physical purpose Peace and Anna Karenina, provided Examples: another perspective on what art is. - Form and Function In his book, What is Art, he - Architecture defended the production of the - Community Planning sometimes truly extravagant art, like operas despite extreme poverty in PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON ART the world. - Art serves as a language, a ART AS AN IMITATION communication device that - Plato in his masterpiece, The articulates feelings and emotions Republic, particularly paints a picture that are otherwise unavailable to the of artists as imitators and art as audience mere imitation. - In Plato's metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this world are only copies of the original, the eternal, and the true entities that can be only found in the World of Forms. CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION, AND ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION, EXPRESSION IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART - Imagination is more important than 1. It takes an artist to make art. One knowledge. For knowledge is limited may perceive beauty on a daily to all we know now and understand, basis. while imagination embraces the 2. Not everyone can be considered an entire world, and all there ever will artist, but all are spectators of art. be to know and understand" - Albert 3. Art is a product of man's creativity, Einstein imagination, and expression. 4. We are able to distinguish what is ART AS EXPRESSION fine and beautiful from what is not - Expressing emotions is something and what is good quality from poor. different from describing emotions. 5. This gives us a role in the field of art - There are countless ways of appreciation. expressing oneself through art. WHAT IS ART APPRECIATION? 1. VISUAL ARTS - referred to the knowledge of the - Creations that fall under this general and everlasting qualities that category are those that appeal to the classify all great art. It is seen used sense of sight and are mainly visual to refer to the exploration of art in nature. Artists produce visual arts forms or the introduction of basic driven by their desire to reproduce principles of Art Literacy. things that they have seen in the way they perceive them. ART APPRECIATION AS A WAY OF LIFE "The role of art as a creative work that 2. FILM depicts the world in a completely different - refers to the art of putting together light and perspective." - Jean-Paul Sartre successions of still images in order to create an illusion of movement. THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART - Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, MAKING cultural, and social value and is - Creativity requires thinking outside considered as both an art and an the box. industry. - In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork from another. 3. PERFORMANCE ART When can we say that something is - It is a live art and the artist's Creative? medium is mainly the human body - When we have not seen anything which he/she used to perform, but like it also employs other kinds of art such - When it is out of the ordinary as visual arts, props, or sound. - When it is not just a copy or imitation - It consists of 4 elements: time, the of someone's work performer's or performer's body, and relationship between the audience and the performer. 4. POETRY PERFORMANCE 8. THEATER - an art where the artist expresses his - uses live performers to present emotions not by using paint, accounts or imaginary events before charcoal, or camera, but expresses a live audience them through words. - Theater arts usually follow a script, - These are carefully selected to though they should not be confused exhibit clarity and beauty and to with literary arts. stimulate strong emotions of joy, - It is also a live performance; the anger, love, sorrow and the list goes participation of the viewer is an on. important element in theater arts. 5. ARCHITECTURE 9. APPLIED ARTS - making of beautiful buildings. - incorporating elements of style and However, not all buildings are design to everyday items with the beautiful. aim of increasing their aesthetical - Some buildings only embody the value. functionality they need, but the - Artist in this field bring beauty, structure, lines, forms, and colors charm, and comfort into many things are not beautifully expressed. Thus, that are useful in everyday life. not all buildings can be considered - industrial design, interior design, architecture. fashion design, and graphic design - Buildings should embody these 3 are considered applied arts. important elements- plan, construction, and design ELEMENTS AND FORM 6. DANCE 1. LINE - series of movements that follows - a mark made by a pointed tool such rhythm of the music accompaniment. as a brush, pen or stick; a moving - It is a creative form that allows point. people to freely express themselves. EXPRESSION OF LINES 7. LITERATURE ART A. MOVEMENT OF LINE - an artist who practice literary arts - vertical and horizontal lines convey use words-not paint, musical static and at rest impressions. instruments, or chisels - curved lines show expression of - To express themselves and relative activity. communicate emotions to the - diagonal lines are used by the artist readers. to express feelings of instability, - It goes beyond the usual tension or excitement. professional, academic, journalistic, - zigzag lines have been used to and other technical forms of writing, create feeling of confusion. - It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific formal or norm.  B. CONTOUR LINES - Geometric shape and free-form - These are applications of lines to shapes create edges or ridges of an object. 4. FORMS C. GESTURE DRAWING - Forms are three-dimensional - Are usually expressive movements aspects of spaces and shapes. which are intended to capture motion and activity. 5. SHAPE - Basically, the area around, above D. CALLIGRAPHIC DRAWING and within ran art piece - Beautiful handwriting. It is often associated with writing Asian 6. TEXTURE characters. - describes the feel of an actual surface. The surface quality of an 2. COLOR object; can be real or implied. - is one of the most dominant elements. Refers to the visible VISUAL ARTS spectrum of reflected light. - the arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion through an expression of PROPERTIES OF COLOR skill and imagination A. HUE DRAWINGS - it’s unique color name - process of moving an instrument over a smooth surface to leave a B. VALUE mark, mostly in the form of line. - Describe the lightness and darkness of a color PAINTINGS - an art process or media where the C. INTENSITY artist applies colors to surface using - Refers to how bright or dull the use paint brush, painting knives or of hue is. rollers. COLOR SCHEMES SCULPTURE - a type of three-dimensional art a. Monochromatic Colors where most of the media used are b. Analogous Colors clay, glass, plastics, wood, stone or c. Complementary Colors metals. d. Color Triads e. Split Complement CRAFTS f. Warm and Cool Colors - These are three-dimensional crafts that have utilitarian intentions. 3. SHAPE - A shape conveys a defined two-dimensional area. PRINTMAKING DANCE - an artistic process based on the - Non-verbal communication art that principle of transferring images from uses primarily body movements a matrix onto another surface, most within the use of music often paper or fabric. CLASSIFICATION OF DANCE - Solo Dance CASTING - Partner Dance - it comes in the manipulative process - Group Dance where materials like soft pliable materials are made into shapes MUSIC using manual hand force or machine - Art concerned with combining vocal manufacture or instrumental sounds for beauty of form or emotional expression, POTTERY usually according to cultural - the process and the products of standards. forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic THEATRE materials, which are fired at high - is a collaboration art form which temperatures to give them. combines words, voice, movement, and visual elements to express PHOTOGRAPHY meaning. The field of theater - technique of “capturing optical encompasses not only live images on light-sensitive camera.” improvised and scripted work, but also FILM MAKING - The process or art of making a MAGIC movie - Is a performing art in which audiences are entertained by tricks, ARCHITECTURE effects, or illusions of seemingly - the art and technique of designing impossible feats. and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with MIME construction. - The art or technique of portraying a character's mood, idea, or narration PERFORMING ARTS by gestures and bodily movements. ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS: SPOKEN POETRY - A performance art that transcends - TIME the written form - SPACE - BODY PUPPETRY - PERFORMER - The making and manipulation of - RELATION BETWEEN puppets for use in some kind of - PERFORMER AND AUDIENCE theatrical show. CIRCUS - A group of traveling entertainers including acrobats, clowns, and trained animals, or a performance by such a group.