Connective Tissue & Muscle PDF

Connective tissue, Muscle & nervous tissues Connective tissue  Classes of Connective Tissue Mesothelium t h a t e l i u m...

Connective tissue, Muscle & nervous tissues Connective tissue  Classes of Connective Tissue Mesothelium t h a t e l i u m e p i t h n d o u s u r a l a q u a m l , p l e t h e p l e s o n e a o v er s Sim p e r it a n d c s t h e i t i e s line l c a v a rd i a peric. c e r a vis  A-Mesenchymal connective tissue Description: embryonic connective tissue; gel like substance containing fibers; star shape mesenchymal cells. Location: primarily in embryo. Function: Give rise to all types of connective tissue  B- Connective tissue proper Loose Dense connective connective tissue tissue  Loose connective tissue Loose connective tissue Areolar Adipose reticular  1- Areolar Description: Loose connective tissue that consists of three types of fibers that form the mesh structure of areolar tissue include: Collagen Fibers Elastic Fibers Reticular Fibers The different types of cells embedded within the areolar tissue include: Fibroblasts, Adipocytes, Mast Cells, and Macrophages. All of the above (fibres and cells) are embedded in a semi-fluid ground substance. Location: - Beneath epithelium (forms lamina propria), - Package organs - surrounding capillaries. Function: Strength - Elasticity - Support 2- Adipose connective tissue Description: Closely packed with adipocytes Which have nucleus pushed to one side by large fat droplet. Location: under skin, around kidney and eye ball, within abdomen and in breasts. Function: - Reduces heat loss - Energy reservoir - Supports and protects  3- Reticular connective tissue Description: network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance. Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow). Function: support other cell types includes WBCs, mast cell and macrophage. Dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue Regular Irregular Elastic  1- Dense regular connective tissue Description: Primary parallel collagen fibers, some elastic fibers, major cells are fibroblasts. Location: Tendon, ligaments. Function: Provides strength  2-Dense irregular connective tissue Description: irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers, major cells are fibroblasts. Location: - Dermis of the skin. - Submucosa of digestive tract. - Fibrous capsule of organs and joints. Function: provide strength.  3- Elastic connective tissue Description: Wavy bands of Elastic fibers (darkly stained) and branching in all directions  Fibroblasts may present in between. - Location: - Wall of Elastic artery - Respiratory tracts - Vocal cords  C- Cartilage Fibrocartila Hyaline Elastic ge  1- Hyaline cartilage Description: Consist of: - Chondrocytes lying in lacunae - Basophilic homogenus matrix contains Type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which often has a glassy appearance. Location: - Ends of long bone - Cartilaginous ring of nose, trachea and larynx. - Fetal skeleton - Costal cartilage of the ribs. Function: - Smooth surface for joint movement - Flexibility - Support  2- Elastic cartilage Description: similar to hyaline cartilage but more elastic fibers. Location: - supports external ear (pinna). - Epiglottis, Function: - Support - Maintain shape  3- Fibrocartilage Description: Matrix similar but more firm than hyaline cartilage, has thick bundles of collagen fibers. Location: - Pubic symphysis - Intervertebral disk Function: - Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock  D- Osseous tissue Description: - Hard, calcified matrix Osteons - Haversian canal in the middle - Lacunae and canaliculi for osteocytes - Cementing line between the lacunae Function: - Support - Protection - Storage - Movement  Muscular tissue Skeletal Cardiac Smooth muscle muscle muscle  1- Skeletal muscle Description: long, cylindrical, multinucleated cell, notice striation. Location: - Skeletal muscle attached to bone Function: - Voluntary movement. - Locomotion. - Manipulation  2- Cardiac muscle Description: Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junction (intercalated discs) Location: -Wall of the heart Function: - As it contract, it pushes blood to the circulation. - Involuntary movement  3- Smooth muscle Description: spindle shaped cells with single nuclei. No striation. Cells arranged closely to form sheet. Location: - Wall of hollow organs Function: - Push substances along internal passage ways, involuntary movements.  Skeletal M. F Cardiac M. F Smooth M. F. Shape Long cylindrical , Branching and Spindle with striated anastomosing pointed ends cylinder Non Striated Striated Nucleus Single, oval Multinucleated, Single, Spherical, centrally located flat , peripherally centrally located located Present Absent Intercalated disc Absent Involuntary Involuntary Type of contraction Voluntary 23  Nervous tissue Description: neuron formed of Cell Body: The central cell body contains the neuron's nucleus. Nerve processes: from the cell body There are two types: Axons - typically carry signals away from the cell body. Dendrites - typically carry signals toward the cell body. Location: -Brain, spinal cord and nerves Function: -Transmit electrical signal.