Anaphy Lab Reviewer 2024 PDF

## Connective Tissue - holds all parts of the body in place - conducts nerve impulses. - designed for power-producing contractions. ## Kinds of Muscle Tissue - Skeletal muscle - muscle for locomotion - Cardiac muscle - muscle of the heart - Visceral (smooth) muscle - muscle of viscera organs. #...

## Connective Tissue - holds all parts of the body in place - conducts nerve impulses. - designed for power-producing contractions. ## Kinds of Muscle Tissue - Skeletal muscle - muscle for locomotion - Cardiac muscle - muscle of the heart - Visceral (smooth) muscle - muscle of viscera organs. ## BODY TEMPERATURE AND ITS REGULATION **Q. Fill in the blanks.** **A.** | Organ | Function | |:--------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | **1** | A part constructed to exercise a special function. | | **2** | A series of parts or organs concerned in a basic function. | | **3** | The movement of molecule from a region of relatively high concentration to one of lower concentration. | | **4** | The passage of a solvent, usually water, through a semipermeable membrane, with the molecules, going from the less concentrated solution to the one that is more concentrated. | | **5** | The passage of water containing dissolved materials through a membrane as a result of a greater mechanical force on one side. | | **6** | The sac that covers the heart. | | **7** | The maintenance of a constant temperature in spite of both internal and external influences. | | **8** | The travel of heat from its source in the form of heat waves or rays. | | **9** | Outer covering of the body consisting of epidermis and its appendages. | | **10** | Pigment of skin. | ## THE SKIN **Q. Discuss briefly the functions of the skin.** **A.** Although the skin has several functions, the 3 which are by far the most important are: 1. Protection of deeper tissue against invasion by pathogenic organisms or their toxins. 2. Regulation of body temperature by dissipating heat to the surrounding air. 3. Obtaining information about the environment by means of the nerve endings which are profusely distributed in the skin. **Q. Enumerate the factors on which the color of the skin are dependent.** **A.** 1. The amount of pigment in the epidermis. 2. The quantity of blood circulating in the surface blood vessels. 3. The concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. 4. The presence or absence of oxygen in the blood. 5. The existence of such substances as bile, silver compounds or other chemicals in the blood. **Q. What are the appendages of the skin?** **A.** The nails, hair, and the glands of the skin are the appendages of the skin. ## SKELETAL SYSTEM **Q. Draw and label completely the female pelvis.** **A.** - iliac crest - body of sacrum - sacrum - anterior superior iliac spine - ischial spine - symphysis pubis - ischium - pubic arch ­- ilium - false pelvis - true pelvis - coccyx - acetabulum (socket for femur) - obturator foramen - pubis ## Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. **A.** 1. **e.** The vertebral Column is composed of: - 7 cervical vertebrae - 12 thoracic vertebrae - 5 lumbar vertebrae - Sacral and coccygeal vertebrae - all of the above 2. **e.** The pelvic girdle is formed by: - ilium, ischium and pubis - ilium, ischium and sacrum - ischium, pubis and sacrum - ilium, pubis and sacrum - none of the above 3. **d.** Bones are covered on the outside by a membrane called - endosteum - sesamoid - phalanx - periosteum ­ - marrow 4. **c.** A type of adequate female pelvis is known as: - android type pelvis - andropoid type pelvis - gynecoid type pelvis - platypeloid type pelvis - none of the above. 5. **d.** The highest point of the iliac crest marks the level of the body of the - 1st lumbar vertebrae - 2nd lumbar vertebrae - 3rd lumbar vertebrae - 4th lumbar vertebrae - 5th lumbar vertebra 6. **b.** The parts of the bones that form the pelvis: - hip bone, 2 sacrum, and coссух - 2 hip bones, sacrum and coссух - hip bone, sacrum and 2 cocсух - 2 hip bones, 2 sacrum and coccyx - 2 hip bones, sacrum and 2 cоссух ## Outline the main functions of bones. **A.** Bones have a number of functions, many of which are not at all obvious - some of these are: 1. To serve as a firm framework for the entire body 2. To protect such delicate structures as the brain and the spinal cord. 3. To serve as levers, which are actuated by the muscles that are attached to them. 4. To serve as a storehouse for calcium, which may be removed and become a part of the blood if there is not enough calcium in the diet. 5. To produce blood cells. **Q. Name the bones that form the cranium.** **A.** 1. Frontal bone 2. 2 parietal bones 3. 2 temporal bones 4. ethmoid bone 5. Sphenoid bone 6. occipital bone **Q. What are the chief functions of the joint. Explain briefly.** **A.** 1. **Flexion** - is a bending motion decreasing the angle between 2 parts. 2. **Extension** - is a straightening or stretching the reverse of flexion. 3. **Abduction** - means motion away from the midline of the body. 4. **Adduction** means motion toward the midline. 5. **Rotation** - means motion around a central axis. **Q. True or False** **A.** 1. **True** The bony framework of the head is called the skull 2. **True** The mandible is the only movable bone of the skull 3. **True** The female pelvis is of gynecoid type. 4. **True** The ossicles are the smallest bones in the body. 5. **True** The ischial spine at the back of the pelvic outlet, is used as a point of reference during childbirth to indicate the progress of the presenting part. 6. **True** The longest bone in the body is femur bones. 7. **False** There are 20 permanent teeth. 8. **False** False ribs are the first 7 pairs of ribs 9. **True** Symphysis pubis is a joint form by union of 2 pubic bones. 10. **True** The chief function of the freely movable joints is to allow for changes of position and to provide for motion. **Q. Fill in the blank with the correct answer.** **A.** 1. **Ligaments** 1. Connective tissue bands, hold the bones together and are connected with all the freely movable joints and many of the less movable articulations. 2. **18 months** 2. Closure of anterior fontanel is about what months old of child. 3. **Cranium** 3. Rounded box that encloses the brain and made up of 8 distinct bones. 4. **Foramina** 4. Holes that extend into or through bones. 5. **Fourth lumbar vertebrae** 5. In what level of the body is the highest point of the iliac crest. **Q. In tabulation form, differentiate male and female pelvis.** | Differential Point | Male Pelvis | Female Pelvis | |-----------------------|------------|-----------------| | Depth | more | less | | Mascular impression | more marked | less marked | | Anterior superior iliac spine | less widely | more widely | | Superior aperture of less pelvis | smaller and oblong | larger and circular | | Соссух | less movable | more movable | | pubic arch | less wide and less round | wider and more rounded | ## MUSCULAR SYSTEM **Q. Fill in the blanks:** **A.** - **Origin** 1. The fixed attachment of a muscle. - **Insertion** 2. The end that exerts the power and movement is known as.