Anatomy Midterm PDF

**HUMAN TISSUES** **TISSUE** is used to describe a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function. **HISTOLOGY** is the field of study that involves the microscopic examination of tissue appearance, organization, and function. Tissues are organized into four broad ca...

**HUMAN TISSUES** **TISSUE** is used to describe a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function. **HISTOLOGY** is the field of study that involves the microscopic examination of tissue appearance, organization, and function. Tissues are organized into four broad categories based on structural and functional similarities. 1. 2. 3. 4. **EPITHELIAL TISSUE** - - - - - - -  **CONNECTIVE TISSUES** - - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. - 1. 2. 3.  **MUSCLE TISSUE** - - - - - a. b. c.  **NERVOUS TISSUE** - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. Note that epithelial tissue originates in all three layers, whereas nervous tissue derives primarily from the ectoderm and muscle tissue derives from the mesoderm. **TISSUE MEMBRANES** - - 1. 2.  **CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE** - - - - **EPITHELIAL TISSUE MEMBRANE** - **MUCOUS MEMBRANE** - - - -  **SEROUS MEMBRANE** - - - - - - - **CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE** - - **INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM** skin and its derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hair and nails) serve a number of functions, mostly protective; together, these organs are called the integumentary system  **STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN** - - **Epidermis** - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - - - - - - - - **Dermis** - - 1. 2. - - - - **Appendages of the Skin** - **Cutaneous Glands -** formed by the cells of the stratum basale, they push into deeper skin regions and ultimately reside almost entirely in the dermis - 1. 2. a. b. **Hair and Hair Follicles** -  - - - - - - - - - - - - **Nails** - - - - - - - - **Physiology of the Integumentary System** **Development of Skin Color** - - - - - - - - **Hair Growth Cycle** - - - **Nail Growth** - - - **Functions of the Integumentary System** The skin and accessory structures perform a variety of essential functions, such as protecting the body from invasion by microorganisms, chemicals, and other environmental factors; preventing dehydration; acting as a sensory organ; modulating body temperature and electrolyte balance; and synthesizing vitamin D. The underlying hypodermis has important roles in storing fats, forming a "cushion" over underlying structures, and providing insulation from cold temperatures **Protection** - **Sensory Function** - -  **Thermoregulation** - - - - **Vitamin D Synthesis** - - - **RESPIRATORY SYSTEM** The Lungs and Respiratory System allow us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our bodies (called inspiration, or inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (called expiration, or exhalation). **Parts of the Respiratory System** - - - - **Tracheobronchial tree: Network of alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi and trachea** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  **TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE** - 1\. Conduction Zone - - - - 2\. Respiratory Zone - - **ALVEOLI** - - - - - - - - - **HOW THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORKS** - - - - - - - - - - - **MECHANISMS OF INHALATION** - - - - **MECHANISMS OF EXHALATION** - - - -