Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy PDF

Saint Louis College City of San Fernando, La Union Beacon of Wisdom in the North Psych El 2: Introduction to Counseling...

Saint Louis College City of San Fernando, La Union Beacon of Wisdom in the North Psych El 2: Introduction to Counseling CHAPTER X RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY A. BASIC PHILOSOPHY  REBT is based on the assumption that human beings are born with a potential for both rational or “straight” and irrational or “crooked” thinking. People have predispositions for self- preservation, happiness, thinking and verbalizing, loving, communion with others, and growth and self-actualization. They also have propensities for self-destruction, avoidance of thought, procrastination, endless repetition of mistakes, superstition, intolerance, perfectionism and self- blame, and avoidance of actualizing growth potentials 1. Biological factors: Ellis believes that certain severe mental disturbances are partly inherited fazto why E and have strong biological components. 2. Social factors: interpersonal relationships in families, peer groups, schools, and other social mal groups have impact on the expectation that individuals have of themselves and others crosked 3. Vulnerability to disturbance: depending on social and biological factors, individuals vary as to how vulnerable they are to psychological disturbance. They often have goals to enjoy thinking themselves when alone or in social groups, to enjoy an intimate sexual relationship with another, to enjoy productive work, and to enjoy a variety of recreational activities B. KEY CONCEPTS attached to 1. A-B-C Model -trigger B is * event a. A (activating event) B (belief) C (emotional and behavioral consequences) activating A- activating A does notcause ( A is the existence of a fact, an activating event, or the behavior or attitude of an even t individual. C is the emotional or behavioral consequence or reaction of the individual; belief Aproduces B then the reaction can be either healthy or unhealthy. A (the activating event) does not cause B- causes C - C (the consequence). Instead, B which is the person’s belief about A, largely causes C, C-consequence the emotional reaction. Detect b. D (disputing intervention) E (effect) F (new feeling) ~ therapistmustbe able dispute - to D-dispute Debate Discriminate E- effect  Disputation is the application of methods to help clients challenge their irrational beliefs. E F new feeling First, clients learn how to detect their irrational beliefs, particularly their absolutist -- “shoulds” and “musts”, their “awfulizing” and their “self-downing”. Then the clients - Kung tamabal -debate their dysfunctional beliefs by learning how to logically and empirically question makakatulong ba - - them and to vigorously argue themselves out of and act against believing them. Finally, the clients learn to discriminate irrational (self-defeating) beliefs from rational (self- - alam kung rationals helping) beliefs. Eventually clients arrive at E, an effective philosophy, which has a ba talaga yung belief/ practical side. A new and effective belief system consists of replacing unhealthy irrational six9 thoughts with healthy ones. If we are successful in doing this, we also create F, a new set of feelings. -> transform irrational thought into an effective a positive philosophy 2. Emotional Disturbance which a new positive feeling. couldresultto  REBT is based on the premise that although we originally learn irrational beliefs from resence in final ! ·Phought of significant others during childhood, we create irrational dogmas by ourselves. We do this by a actively reinforcing self-defeating beliefs by the processes of autosuggestion and self- (r) ·manage cognitive repetition and by behaving as if they are useful. Hence, it is largely our own repetition of before emotions beh, , we should justblame genetics not a social circle for development because to it. also contribute irrational of troughts we · if reinforced/rewarded= irrational thoughtexists  Saint Louis College City of San Fernando, La Union Beacon of Wisdom in the North Psych El 2: Introduction to Counseling early-indoctrinated irrational thoughts, rather than a parent’s repetition, that keeps dysfunctional attitudes alive and operative within us.  Musts: not only intellectual and cognitive but also have elements that are highly emotional and others that are behavioral. The following are musts that Ellis believes are common to many individuals: a. I must be loved by everyone I know b. I must be competent, adequate, and achieving in all respects to be worthwhile c. Some people are wicked and must be severely blamed and punished for what they have done d. It is awful when things don’t go the way I want them to be e. Things must go the way I want them to f. I must worry about dangerous things that I cannot control g. I must rely on someone stronger than myself h. I must become worried about other people’s problems C. THERAPEUTIC GOALS 1. Assist people in:  Minimizing emotional disturbance  Decreasing self-defeating self-behaviors  Becoming more self-actualized so that they can lead to a happier existence 2. To help individuals think more clearly and rationally, feel more appropriately, and act more efficiently and effectively in achieving goals of living happily. Individuals learn to deal effectively with negative feelings such as sorrow, regret, frustration, and annoyance. They deal with unhealthy negative feelings such as depression, anxiety, and worthlessness by using an effective rational emotive behavior philosophy 3. To separate the evaluation of their behaviors from the evaluation of themselves 4. To accept themselves despite their imperfections I do Not person based on their prob.beh. judge the D. THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP problematic behavior NOT problematic penon. 1. Therapists show, demonstrate, modify and challenge (teacher) 2. Therapists are unconditional 3. Client: learner and doer E. THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES 1. Cognitive Techniques a. Coping self-statements pampalubay statements  Be developing coping statements, rational beliefs can be strengthened b. Cost-benefit analysis listdown prose cons of  This method is particularly helpful for individuals who have addictions and/or low the problematic beh, frustration tolerance. Individuals who are addicted to smoking may be asked to to clientshould realize there are make lists of the advantages of stopping smoking and the disadvantages of morenegatives: more reason to quit continuing smoking. They are then instructed to think seriously about these - advantages and disadvantages 10 to 20 minutes a day. This activity gives them adaptive:more advantages good reasons for overcoming the addiction c. Psychoeducational methods -> psych educ +  Listening to audiotapes that teach the principles of REBT is often recommended, as is listening to audiotapes of the client’s therapy session. By doing so, the client is able to better remember points made by the therapist during the session. · teach psych principles to your client  Saint Louis College City of San Fernando, La Union Beacon of Wisdom in the North Psych El 2: Introduction to Counseling parany catching one's self butyou catch others d. Teaching others ->  When others present irrational beliefs to the clients, Ellis suggests that clients try to point out rational beliefs to their friends. Trying to persuade others not to use irrational beliefs can help the persuader to learn more effective ways of disputing her own irrational beliefs. e. Problem solving  REBT therapists help their clients figure out and arrive at viable options by dealing with both practical problems and emotional problems – problems about having practical problems. In working with problems about practical problems, therapists often make use of the specifics of the A-B-C theory of personality. transform negative feelings 2. Emotive Techniques to emotion generated anticipation positive feelings a. Imagery visualize negative situation - = + - - imagining the emotion can help  Imagery is often used in REBT to help clients change their inappropriate feelings to clientto anticipate/generate the appropriate ones. The therapist would have client picture the negative image and emotion thus helping them when they are in the exactsituation work on feeling the healthy emotions b. Role playing gagawin in session mga ayaw gawin ni clientin real situations -  Rehearsing certain behaviors to elicit client feelings often can bring out emotions the client was not previously aware of. Repeated role playing of the situation gives the individual a chance to feel better about his social skills and change inappropriate emotional self-statements should become accustomed c. Shame-attacking exercise assign an embarassing task to client-ralient - to comments  The purpose of these exercises is to help clients feel unashamed when others may disapprove of them. Although the exercise can be practiced in a therapy session, it is done outside therapy d. Forceful self-statements coping self-statementw/emotions -- one liner  Statements that combat “musturbating” beliefs in a strong and forceful manner can be helpful in replacing irrational beliefs with rational beliefs e. Forceful self-dialogue a&a w/ self  In addition to self-statements, a dialogue with oneself, somewhat similar to the Socratic dialogue, can be quite helpful. Arguing strongly and vigorously against an irrational belief has an advantage over therapist-client dialogue in that all of the material comes from the client. Taping such dialogue, listening to them over and over again, and letting listeners determine if one’s disputing is really powerful can help clients 3. Behavioral Methods a. Activity homework assignments no relevantsa currentneed  To combat client demands and musts, therapists may make assignments that reduce irrational beliefs b. Reinforcements and penalties rational thinking:reward;irrational thinking:punishment  When people accomplish a task, it is useful for them to reward themselves. Individuals who fail to attempt a task may penalize themselves c. Skills training develop client's skills -  Saint Louis College City of San Fernando, La Union Beacon of Wisdom in the North Psych El 2: Introduction to Counseling  Workshops and groups often teach important social skills. Workshops on communication skills, job-interviewing skills, and other social and work-related skills can supplement individual REBT