USCP PDF - Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

Lesson 1 : Understanding Culture, Gender Equality - when people of all Society, and Politics genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities. Culture - complex whole which Socioeco...

Lesson 1 : Understanding Culture, Gender Equality - when people of all Society, and Politics genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities. Culture - complex whole which Socioeconomic Status - describing ecompasses beliefs, values, laws, and people based on their education, income everything that a person learns and and type of job. described as low, medium shares as a member of society. and high. Society - term used by anthropologists to Ethnicity - identify with each other on the refer to a group of people who share a basis of shared attributes that distinguish culture in a particular location. them from other groups like traditions, Sociology - branch of social science that ancestry, language, history or social deals with the study of society, groups, treatment within their residing area. norms and organizations. Nationality - group of people who share Anthropologist - systematic study of the same history, traditions, and language humankind. deals with scientific study of who usually live together in a particular man, his works, body, behavior and values country. in time and space. Elements of culture 4 key sub-disciplines in Material - weapons, machines, Anthropologists clothing, art 1. Physical Anthropologist Non-material - language, values, 2. Archeology beliefs, rules (norms). 3. Linguistic 4. Cultural Anthropologist Type of Non-material Beliefs - individuals in society Political science - science of state. have specific beliefs but they also Treats the foundation of the state and the share collective values. principles of government. Values - shared ideas, right or Paul Janet - a french writer said that wrong. political science is a branch of science that Norms - expectations or rules of treats the state and principle of behavior that develop out of government. values. The elements of the State Food Taboos - it exists everywhere in the Sovereignty world. Some religions prohibit eating foods Population because of their religion like muslims, Territory Iglesia ni Cristo and many other religions. Government (pork, dinuguan foods). Lesson 2 : Characteristics of culture Culture is learned - through Cultural Identity - pertains one’s families, friends, institutions , and nationality, religion or any kind of social media. group that has its own distinct culture. Enculturation - process of Cultural Background - consist of ethnic, learning about culture. religious, gender and other socioeconomic Culture is shared - groups of factors and values that shape an people usually share similar individual. behavior.  Culture is integrated - a form of Characteristics of culture cultural exchange in which one 1. Culture is social group assumes beliefs, practices 2. Culture varies from society to and results of another group society without sacrificing the 3. Culture is shared characteristics of its own culture. 4. Culture is learned 5. Culture is transmitted Different perspective of culture 6. Culture is continuous and Ethnocentrism - judge other commutative cultures as inferior. belief that 7. Culture is gratifying and idealistic one’s own culture/nation is superior to all others. Culture is social - it is a product of Xenocentrism - process of feeling behavior, developed through social that another culture is superior interactions. than one’s own. beliefs that other Culture varies from society to society - cultures are better than one’s own every society has a culture of its own that culture/nation. differs from other societies. Culture is shared - cultures, traditions, Cultural Relativism - introduced by beliefs, ideas, values, morals are all anthropologist Franz Boas in 1887. shared by people to group or society. Istambay - this phenomenon is a result of Culture is learned - through education or the country's inability to provide enough knowledge. jobs for the society and its people. Culture is transmitted - transmitted from Political Dynasties - Philippine elections one generation to another generation, like president, vice president and the possibly by language. language is the senators elected on national elections main vehicle of culture. serve for a six-years term. Culture is continuous and commutative - culture exists as a continuous process. Lesson 3 : Anthropological and Subculture - cultural patterns which are Sociological Perspective on Culture and both related and distinguishable from it. Society Culture is gratifying and idealistic - provides proper opportunities for the Perspective of Culture - composed of satisfaction of our needs and desires. behavior and acquired and transmitted through symbols. Types of culture material elements - includes all Culture wheel visible parts and tangible objects. Greater community Non-material elements - Knowledge & stories intangible objects or invisible parts. Value Language Formal norms: Traditions and rituals Mores - has a firm control to moral and Techniques and skills ethical behavior (premarital sex, Tools and objects homosexual relationship). Tie arts Laws - ordinance of reason enacted to Food and drink protect people from bad effects of outdated mores (1987 constitutions, law). Informal norms: Folkways or Customs - behavior of less important yet still influences our behavior (doing “mano po”, practicing “bayanihan”). Beliefs - specific statements that people hold to be true. Language - refers to a form of communication using words, either spoken or gestured. (crossing fingers may refer that someone is hoping for good luck but in vietnam it represents the genitals of a female. Taboos - crucial to society’s moral center involving behaviors that are always negatively sanctioned. (incest, cannibalism). Herbert Spencer (1890-1903) - described emerging societies as survival and primarily based on the concept of natural laws. Karl Marx (1818-1883) - has a different take on society. He proposed that societies develop through class conflicts. Emile Durkheim (1858-1927) - society is composed of harmonious elements such as individuals, organizations, and social institutions. Dysfunction may occur if these elements are not in the state of equilibrium. George Herber Mead (1863-1931) - introduced the concept of symbolic interactionism. Focus on the relationship of individual within a society primarily centers in their communication of both language and symbols.