Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics PDF

UCSP | Academics Committee Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics CREATED BY: Iyanna Francine Mira LESSON 1: SOCIAL SCIENCES Emile Durkheim - Discussed the psychological effects of war on Social Science - Study of wha...

UCSP | Academics Committee Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics CREATED BY: Iyanna Francine Mira LESSON 1: SOCIAL SCIENCES Emile Durkheim - Discussed the psychological effects of war on Social Science - Study of what is people. happening in society and what will happen in society. 3.) Political Science - Study of the government and TYPES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES political processes and institutions. - Complex behavior of various 1.) Anthropology political actors. - Study of humanity and its Political actors - People who prehistoric origins. practice politics. “Logos” - laws that govern something. Branches of the Philippine “Anthropos” - man Government: Executive - President and 2.) Sociology Vice President - Scientific study of social behavior Legislative - Responsible for and human relationships. making laws. Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) - The - Senators and Congressman father of sociology (Senate and Congress) Judiciary - Supreme Court UCSP | Academics Committee 4.) Psychology “Historia” - inquiry - Study of the nature of human behaviors both internal and 8.) Philosophy external factors. - Rational attempt to formulate and “Psychologia” - spirit or soul and understand fundamental questions. logic of - “Mother of all sciences” - Love of wisdom 5.) Economics “Philo” - love - A discipline on how a particular “Sophia” - wisdom society solves its problem of scarcity of resources. “Oikonomia” - management of the household LESSON 2: ANTHROPOLOGY “Oikos” - house Anthropology - Study of humanity, “Nomos” - customs including the pre-historic origins and their diversity. 6.) Geography - Study of the features of the earth and the location of living things on GOALS: the planet. - Discover what makes people different from each other 7.) History - Look at one’s culture objectively - Historians aim to interpret like an outsider; make the strange thoughts and actions that are familiar and the familiar strange. ever-changing while relying on - Produce new knowledge and written accounts that have survived theories about humankind and the past. their behavior. UCSP | Academics Committee - Discover what people have in - Study of humans as biological common organisms. - Evolution and contemporary FOUR FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY variation. 1.) Cultural Anthropology - Study of living people and their cultures including variation and change. LESSON 3: SOCIOLOGY - the forms of social life in past and “Socius” - to associate present years. - Science that studies human civilization 2.) Linguistic Anthropology - Systematic study of groups and - Study of communication (verbal societies people build and how and non-verbal), mainly but not these affect their behavior exclusively among humans August Comte - Father of - Communication origins, history, Sociology and contemporary variation. - Positivism Emile Durkheim 3.) Archaeology - Relationship between suicide and - Study of past human cultures social isolation through their material remains. - “Social fact” or social - artifacts. phenomenon 4.) Biological/Physical Enculturation - Process in Anthropology which individuals learn and UCSP | Academics Committee acquire cultural norms, beliefs, and practices. 2.) Social Psychology Acculturation - One culture - Study of human nature and social adapts elements from processes. another culture. Formal Deviance - Behavior 3.) Applied Sociology that violates established laws, - Practical applications for human rules, or norms within a behavior and organizations. society. Informal Deviance - Behavior 4.) Population Studies that violates norms that are - Size, growth, demographic NOT necessarily against the characteristics, composition law. *Where the government budget is Sociological Imagination - based Awareness of the individual and society both today and 5) Human Ecology in the past. - Investigates issues related to daily life. BRANCHES / AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY 6.) Sociological Theory and Research 1.) Social Organization - The discovery of theoretical tools, - Study of social institutions, social methods, and techniques inequality, social mobility, religious EXAMPLES: groups, and bureaucracy. Functionalism - Role of a - Social classes are NOT person in society permanent UCSP | Academics Committee Marxism - Social and - Aristotle - “man is a political Economic Theory animal” Feminism - Rights of women - Thomas Hobbes - Social and other genders Contract Interactionism - How simple - Karl Marx - Marxism interactions affect society Postmodernism 2.) Comparative Politics - Comparison of political systems 7.) Social Change across different countries - Studies factors that cause social - Forms of the government organization and social - Political institutions and practices disorganization - Patterns of governance 3.) International Relations - Relationship between countries and global actors. LESSON 4: - Diplomacy, war, and peace POLITICAL SCIENCE - Global governance and international organizations - Systematic study of politics, - Trade and economic relations government, and political institutions. 4.) Public Administration - Study of the implementation of SUBFIELDS OF POLSCI: government policy 1. ) Political Theory - Bureaucracy and governance - Plato - Every man has their capabilities UCSP | Academics Committee 5.) Political Economy TYPES OF POWER: - Interaction between politics and economics 1.) Coercive Power - Use of - Role of economics in shaping threats or punishment to political behavior make people comply. 6.) Public Policy 2.) Persuasive Power - Influence - Analysis of government policies others through argument or and their impact. appeal without any force. - Policy development and implementation 3.) Reward Power - Rewards Ex. Republic Act. 9003, K to 12 that incentivize people to behave a certain way. 7.) Political Behavior - How individuals and groups 4.) Legitimate Power - Rightful participate in politics or justified power. - Voting behavior, public opinion, social movements Authority - Form of power that is perceived as POWER AND AUTHORITY legitimate by those subject to it. Power - Ability of an individual, group, or institution TYPES OF AUTHORITY: to influence, control, or direct the actions and behaviors of 1.) Traditional Authority - Based others. on long-standing customs. UCSP | Academics Committee 2.) Charismatic Authority - - All people are a community of Personal quality or charisma related and interdependent of a leader. individuals living in a particular 3.) Legal-Rational Authority - place. Authority is based on their position, not personal ANTHROPOLOGICAL attributes PERSPECTIVES 1.) Unilineal Evolutionism - New forms emerge from the past that pass through similar stages of LESSON 5: PERSPECTIVE development. CHANGES AND Ex. From Animism to Monotheism (i.e Roman Catholic or Islam) ETHNOCENTRISM 2.) Cultural Diffusionism Culture - “Cultura” “to - Culture originates from one or cultivate” more culture - Way of life, a national identity, an Ex. Philippines culture was attitude and consolidated beliefs, influenced by Spanish colonization and a complex system of shared social elements within a particular 3.) Historical Particularism society. - Culture is influenced by their history, geography, and Society - “Societas” environment. “Companion or associate” UCSP | Academics Committee Ex. Filipinos are influenced by their Ex. To produce more productive superstitious beliefs from their graduates in the community, the ancestors. government must pour money into education. 4.) Anthropological Functionalism 2.) Conflict Perspective - Cultural Elements are interrelated - Social environment in a because they have a purpose. continuous struggle Ex. Filipinos influenced by their - In contrast with Functionalism religion Ex. Rich vs. Poor 3.) Symbolic Interactionism 5.) Anthropological Structuralism - Patterns of behavior in units in - Human relationships society. Ex: Father and Son, Husband and Ex. Why does an individual in the Wife community avoid eye contact when talking to a stranger? 6.) Cultural Materialism 4.) Evolutionism - technology, resources, economic values, and the utilization of things - How human groups came to exist. influence culture. Ex. Telephone to cell phones as Ex. Pork is prohibited in the Muslim means of communication diet Evolutionism - Similarities in changing society SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Functionalism - social order, harmony, and consensus 1.) Functionalism -(social agreement) - Society is an organized network Conflict - Struggle, tension, of groups operating in an orderly and inequality manner according to norms. UCSP | Academics Committee Interactionism - Actual - Judging another culture based on behavior of people and your values. groups. PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIETY Xenocentrism 1.) Anthropological Perspective - Believing other’s culture is better - A group of people sharing a than your own. common culture 2.) Sociological Perspective - Association organized by men PERSPECTIVE ON CULTURE Anthropological Perspective - Unique character of every human society. Sociological Perspective - Imprint made by people CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE: - Dynamic - Integrated - Patterned Social Interactions - Learned through Enculturation - Shared Ethnocentrism - Your own culture is superior or better than others. UCSP | Academics Committee ALL OF THE TERMS LESSON 1: SOCIAL SCIENCES LESSON 3: SOCIOLOGY TYPES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1)Anthropology BRANCHES/AREAS OF 2) Sociology SOCIOLOGY: 3) Political Science 1) Social Organization 4) Psychology 2) Social Psychology 5) Economics 3) Applied Sociology 6) Geography 4) Population Studies 7) History 5) Human Ecology 8) Philosophy 6) Sociological Theory and Research LESSON 2: ANTHROPOLOGY Functionalism Marxism FOUR FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY Feminism Cultural Anthropology Interactionism Linguistic Anthropology Archaeology Anthropology Postmodernism Biological Anthropology UCSP | Academics Committee LESSON 4: POLITICAL SCIENCE LESSON 5: PERSPECTIVE SUBFIELDS OF POLSCI CHANGES AND 1) Political Theory ETHNOCENTRISM 2) Comparative Politics 3) International ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Relations 1.) Unilineal Evolutionism 4) Public Administration 2.) Cultural Diffusionism 5) Political Behavior 3.) Historical Particularism 4.) Anthropological Functionalism TYPES OF POWER 5.) Anthropological Structuralism 1.) Coercive Power 6.) Cultural Materialism 2.) Persuasive Power 3.) Reward Power SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 1.) Functionalism 4.) Legitimate Power 2.) Conflict Perspective 3.) Symbolic Interactionism TYPES OF AUTHORITY 4.) Evolutionism 1.) Traditional Authority 2.) Charismatic Authority Ethnocentrism 3.) Legal-Rational Xenocentrism Authorit