Writing to Investigate Research Report PDF

WRITING TO INVESTIGA TE INVESTIGATIVE WRITING DEFINED Investigative writing sets out to investigate a topic and report the findings to the reader. It is a document that sparks some sort of action based on the official findings it presents. The investigation report is also a record of...

WRITING TO INVESTIGA TE INVESTIGATIVE WRITING DEFINED Investigative writing sets out to investigate a topic and report the findings to the reader. It is a document that sparks some sort of action based on the official findings it presents. The investigation report is also a record of the steps of the investigation. It can be used to prove that your investigation was timely, complete and fair. RESEARCH  is careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principle (Webster in David, 2002; Garcia, 2008)  finding new truths about specific discipline (Javier, 2004) A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem to validate or test an existing theory; a process that follows systematic procedures, ask appropriate questions and use reliable & valid instruments (David, 2002) - The collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction & explanation (Quinton,2006) CRITERIA OBSERVED BY THE RESEARCHER ACCURACY PRECISION RELIABILITY REPLICABILITY VALIDITY BEING SYSTEMATIC CRITERIA OBSERVED BY THE RESEARCHER ACCURACY PRECISION the correctness or truthfulness of exactness or something accuracy ability to avoid errors: the ability to be precise and avoid errors CRITERIA OBSERVED BY THE RESEARCHER REPLICABILITY VALIDITY  faithful copy of effective: bringing something: an accurate reproduction of an object about the results or  faithful copy of ends intended artwork: a scrupulous copy justifiable: of a work of art, especially one made, authorized, or reasonable or supervised by the original justifiable in the artist circumstances RELIABILITY BEING (RELIABLE) SYSTEMATIC done methodically: carried trustworthy out in a methodical and organized manner able to be relied well organized: habitually on using a method or system for organization based on system: constituting, based on, or resembling a system GENERAL CLASSIFICATION S OF RESEACH ACCORDING TO WHO DOES THE RESEARCH Academic Research- ex. Term paper, reports, theses, dissertations, seminar paper, etc. Professional Research – ex. Proposals, feasibility studies Government Research- ex proposals, feasibility studies Private Research – ex. Position paper ACCORDING TO USE BASIC/PURE RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH If it answers is conducted when a questions with theory decision must be This is done purely to made about a verify the specific real-life acceptability of a given theory or to problem know more about a certain concept. ACCORDING TO DISCIPLINE Science, applied science, technology Social science, health, education, psychology Humanities, history, philosophy ACCORDING TO RESEARCH GOALS Descriptive- describes phenomenon/na includes case study, survey, field, library, documentary Exploratory- uncovers data not previously or fully known to answer research Explanatory- tests & predicts causal relationships, effects of intervention ACCORDING TO RESEARCH  GOALS Pilot Studies- research on new systems, new setups or intervention Evaluative- comes up with impact results, effects, outcomes & assessment research Policy Analysis- generates information relevant to policy-making & its impact Feasibility Studies- decide the factors for viability or success of any plan or course of action ACCORDING TO RESEARCH DESIGN Case study- having a detailed study about one person’s situation within a considerable unit of time Survey- gathering relatively limited data from a relatively large number Library research- making use of a working bibliography available in the library ACCORDING TO RESEARCH DESIGN Field Research Documentary- gathering information by examining records and documents Participatory- the people themselves who develop their own theories participate in the research for solutions to problems WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH REPORT A research report is a completed study that reports an investigation or exploration of a problem, identifies questions to be addressed, and includes data collected, analyzed, and interpreted by the researcher.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH REPORT & RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH PROPOSAL REPORT PROPOSAL is prepared after a is prepared before a study is completed. study begins. communicates what communicates a was actually done in researcher's plan for a study, and what a study. resulted. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH REPORT & RESEARCH ARTICLE REPORT ARTICLE is a primary source is a secondary it reports the methods source and results of an  it does not report original study original research by performed by the the author. researcher. STRUCTURE OF A RESEARCH REPORT The research report format mainly consists of three main sections: 1)The Introductory Section 2)The Main Body Of The Report 3)The Reference Section THE INTRODUCTORY SECTION a) Title Page b) Acknowledgments (if any) c) Table of Contents d) List of Tables (if any) e) List of Figures (if any) f) Abstract THE BODY OF THE REPORT 2.1. Introduction a) Statement of the Problem b) Significance of the Problem c) Purpose d) Statement of Hypothesis e)  Assumptions f) Limitations g) Definition of important Terms THE BODY OF THE REPORT 2.2. Review of Related Literature (analysis of previous research) 2.3. Design of the Study Description of Research Design and Sources of Data  Sampling Procedures Methods and Instruments of Data Gathering Statistical Treatment THE BODY… 2.4. Analysis of Data text with appropriate  Tables Figures 2.5. Results and Discussion Major Findings (reject or fail to reject Ho) 2.6. Summary and Conclusions Conclusions Recommendations for Further Investigation 3. THE REFERENCE SECTION References/ Bibliography Appendices THE INTRODUCTORY SECTION Title page identifies the title of the report, the name of the researcher, the name of the guide, institution, month and year of submission. The title should communicate what the study is about. A well constructed title makes it easy for the reader to understand and determine the nature of the topic. Acknowledgments This page permits the writer to express appreciation THE INTRODUCTORY SECTION Table of Contents The table of contents is an outline of the report that indicates the page number on which each major section and subsection begins List of Tables A list of all the tables included in the report along with the page numbers should be provided. List of Figures A list of all the figure included in the report along with the page numbers should be provided. THE INTRODUCTORY SECTION Abstract The abstract is a brief but comprehensive summary of the research report  It includes a concise statement of the goal of the research, the type of participants and instruments, outlines the methods, major results and conclusions. Abstract must be limited to a specific number THE BODY OF A REPORT Introduction The Introduction section provides the theoretical framework of the study within which the research has been conducted, background information of the topic as well as the need for and rationale for the research, to make the material more logical, useful and interesting for readers. The introduction begins with a description of the research problem or topic and includes objectives, significance of the problem, research questions, statement of hypothesis(if any)  It also includes the assumptions of the study(if any), definition of important terms, limitations and delimitations of the study. THE BODY OF THE REPORT Review of Literature The Review of Related Literature indicates what is known about the problem or topic. Its function is to educate the reader about the area under study.  Design of the Study This section provides a detailed description of the methodology used in the study. e.g. population, sample size and sampling techniques and tools used in the study. The purpose of this section is to describe in detail how a researcher performed the study so that someone should be able to replicate the study based on the information that a researcher provide in this section. THE BODY OF THE REPORT For a qualitative study, this section may also include a detailed description of the nature and length of interactions with the participants. The description of participants includes information about how they were selected and mainly representative of the population. The description indicate the purpose of the instrument and the validity and reliability of the instrument. THE BODY…  Analysis of Data  This section describes the statistical techniques or the inferential interpretations that were applied to the data and the result of these analyses. Tables and figures are used to present findings or graphic form which add clarity in findings for a reader. THE BODY…  Results and Discussion  The Results section is to tell the reader what was found in the study.  it includes the descriptive statistics for the relevant variables (e.g mean, standard deviation).Then tell the reader what statistical test you used to test your hypothesis and what you found.  The Discussion section is where the researcher interprets and evaluates the results. The discussion of a research report section presents the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and make recommendation for the future research. THE BODY… Discuss the results of the current study, explaining exactly what was found. Account for the research findings, relate back to the previous research and theories highlighted in the introduction Discuss the limitations of the current study and provide ideas for future research. End with a conclusion. THE BODY…  Summary and Conclusions Conclusions is a summary of the main ideas that come out from the discussion. it draws all arguments and findings together.  It indicates whether hypothesis were accepted or rejected. It summarizes major findings of the study. The purpose of this section is to evaluate interpret the result, especially with respect to the original research question. THE REFERENCE SECTION REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY  The References section  provides the reader with all the information needed to seek out and obtain all original sources used in the research. it is written in the alphabetical order.  Appendices provides a place for important information.it includes tools prepared by the researcher and used in the study.it may be lettered, interview, names, raw data and data analysis sheets SOURCES Lomer, D. (2016). The Ultimate Guide to Writing Investigation Reports. https://i-sight.com/resources/ultimate-guide-to-writing-investigation-reports Zaina, A. (2015). Research Report. https://www.slideshare.net/zulfazoufishan/research-report-45426923