5VP MKehl Skull Spring 2024.pdf

SKULL Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Objectives 1. Describe the bones of the skull. 2. Describe the parts of the mandible. 3. Identify parts of the tooth. 4. Describe dental formula for the dog. 5. Identify several foramina and explain their function. 6. Define prominenc...

SKULL Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Objectives 1. Describe the bones of the skull. 2. Describe the parts of the mandible. 3. Identify parts of the tooth. 4. Describe dental formula for the dog. 5. Identify several foramina and explain their function. 6. Define prominences and major muscle attachments. Some Bones of the Skull Cranium – bones surrounding the brain, forming the cranial cavity 1. Occipital – caudal aspect 2. Temporal – caudolateral wall 3. Parietal – roof 4. Frontal – rostral roof 5. Ethmoid –rostral wall 6. Sphenoid – floor Facial Part of the Skull – part enclosing the nasal and oral cavities 1. Maxillary – lateral part of face, part of hard palate 2. Nasal – osseous roof of nasal cavity 3. Incisive – rostral, holding upper incisors 4. Palatine – hard palate 5. Zygomatic – cranial part of zygomatic arch 6. Mandible – articulates with skull, supports lower teeth Purple = cranium Green = facial Bones of the Skull Purple = cranium Green = facial 1. External Occipital Protuberance caudal process of the occipital bone, attachment site for several muscles Foramina and Prominences 2. Infraorbital Foramen – maxilla bone, infraorbital artery and nerve 3. Optic Canal – sphenoid bone, optic nerve (CN II) 4. Tympanic Bulla – encloses the middle ear cavity 5. Occipital Condyle – articulate with first cervical vertebrae (atlas) 6. External Acoustic Meatus – large opening caudal to zygomatic arch, covered by tympanic membrane (ear drum), separates external and middle ear. Parts of the Mandible Body – horizontal part bearing the lower teeth Ramus – vertical part with NO teeth Condyloid process – helps form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Coronoid process – dorsal part of ramus Teeth in Maxilla and Mandible Each tooth is located within a socket (alveolus) in the margin of the jaw and forms to the shape of the tooth. Canine Dental Formula I3 C1 P4 M2/3 = 42 Start and end numbering on the right FYI – Feline Dental Formula I3 C1 P3/2 M1 = 30 3 Dental Terminology 1. Mesial- surface adjacent to the next rostral tooth 7 6 2. Distal- surface adjacent to the next caudal tooth 4 2 3. Labial – surface next to the lips 4. Buccal – surface next to the cheek 5 5. Lingual- surface of the tooth facing the tongue (mandibular) 6. Palatal- surface of the tooth facing the palate (maxillary) 7. Occlusal – grinding surface 1