Communication Skills PDF

Dr. Khadija Slik. MD, PhD. Assistant professor Libyan Academy of Postgraduation Humans interact with one another through Communication.  The term ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin word ‘communis‘, which means common. Communication is defined as an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions,...

Dr. Khadija Slik. MD, PhD. Assistant professor Libyan Academy of Postgraduation Humans interact with one another through Communication.  The term ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin word ‘communis‘, which means common. Communication is defined as an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, or emotions to create mutual understanding. It is the sum of all things one person does to create understanding in the minds of others.  Communication aims to create understanding between sender and receiver. Definitions of Communication: Communication is a two-way process as the sender sends the information and the receiver receives it. The receiver understands the information and gives feedback. Definitions of Communication “Communication is an intercourse by words, letters, symbols or messages, and is a way that one organization member shares meaning and understanding with another”. – Koontz and O’ Donnell “Communication is a process by which people create and share information to reach a common understanding”. – Rogers  The process of communication involves the following steps: 1. Sender: The person who conveys his thoughts, message, or ideas to the receiver. He is at the starting point of the communication system and represents the source of communication. E.g., In a classroom, a teacher is a sender. 2. Message: The subject matter of communication. It includes ideas, feelings, suggestions, order, etc., which a sender wants to convey to the receiver. 3. Encoding: The process of converting messages into communication symbols, which may be understood by the receiver. It includes words, pictures, gestures, symbols, etc. Encoding translates the internal thoughts of the sender into a language that can be understandable. 4. Media: The path, channel, or medium through which an encoded message is transmitted to the receiver. It is the carrier of the message. It can be in written form, face to face, through telephone, letter, internet, etc. 5. Decoding: The process of translating the encoded message into an effective language, which can be understood by the receiver. In this, the encoded symbols of the sender are converted. 6. Receiver: The person who receives the message of the sender. E.g., Students are receivers in the classroom. 7. Feedback: To complete the process of communication, feedback is essential. The process of reversal of communication in which the receiver expresses his reaction to the sender of the message. Feedback ensures that the receiver has received and understood the message.  Features/Nature of Communication Communication is a social process as two or more people are involved in it and they exchange ideas, information, and knowledge. Communication is a continuous process. Organizations cannot exist without communication. They need to exchange ideas, facts, and information. Coordination of work. Instructions. Cooperation. Feelings & needs. Communication is a pervasive function. (A universal element in the management process) Communication is required in all functions of management. It is required in planning for the communication of information. Organizing requires communication to transfer information about tasks, authority, and responsibility. Selection, training, appraisal, etc., require the interchange of facts and ideas with the employees.   Vertical vs Horizontal Communication Vertical communication refers to Horizontal communication (Lateral communication up and down the hierarchical communication), refers to the structure of an organization. communication that takes place between workers in an organization who are at the same level. Diagonal or Crosswise Communication: This type of communication occurs when information flows between or among persons at different levels who have no direct reporting relationship with each other, it is called diagonal or crosswise communication. This type of communication takes place in case of emergency. Types of Communication Facial expressions What is a communication barrier? A communication barrier is anything that prevents us from receiving and understanding the messages others use to communicate with us. 1. Physical barriers 3. Perceptual barriers Difference in Perception 4. Emotional barriers 2. Cultural barriers 5. Language barriers 6. Gender barriers 7. Interpersonal barrier