Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia (PDF)

Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Undescended testicle, increasing cancer Cryptorchidism...

Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Undescended testicle, increasing cancer Cryptorchidism risk. Includes age 20-34, family history, HIV, Testicular Cancer Risk Factors being caucasian, etc. A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making Klinefelter Syndrome them XXY instead of XY. Genetic disorder linked to testicular can- cer. Testicular Carcinoma in Situ Abnormal cells not yet cancerous. Normal Testes Size Approximately 2 cm to 4 cm. Testes Shape Typically ovoid (oval) in structure. Palpation Technique Use index, middle fingers, and thumb. Normal Testes Texture Smooth, firm, slightly tender to touch. Palpated at superior, posterior aspect of Epididymis testicle. Spermatic Cord Feels ropelike, vertical during palpation. Painless Enlargement Possible indicator of testicular cancer. Palpable Lump Small, hard lump usually pea-sized. Self-assessment for testicular abnormal- Testicular Self Exam (TSE) ities. Penile/scrotal atrophy and decreased tis- Normal Aging Findings sue mass. Should hang freely, darker than sur- Inspection of Scrotum rounding skin. Skin Characteristics Loose, thin, rugated, free of lesions. Ensure privacy during physical examina- Patient Privacy tion. Room should be warm for patient com- Warm Room Requirement fort. Advanced Practitioner Role 1/6  Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Conducts palpation and examination of testes. Common in older adults affecting geni- Decreased Blood Circulation talia. Decreases in amount and turns gray with Pubic Hair Changes age. Critical for early detection of abnormali- Breast Assessment Importance ties. Includes inspection and palpation meth- Breast Assessment Techniques ods. Glandular atrophy replaced by adipose Older Adult Changes tissue. Includes reasons for seeking care and Nursing History medical history. Family history, diet, obesity, and age fac- Risk Factors for Breast Cancer tors. Size, symmetry, contour, and color of Inspection Components breasts. Normal Breast Symmetry Breasts may be slightly unequal in size. Includes edema, discoloration, and or- Abnormal Breast Findings ange peel appearance. Size, shape, symmetry, and color varia- Areola Inspection tions. Should be round, everted, and equal in Nipple Characteristics size. Palpation Technique Use pads of 3 middle fingers gently. Upper outer quadrant of the breast. Tail of Spence 2/6  Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Vertical strip, circular, and wedged meth- ods. Palpatory Methods Normal Lymph Nodes All lymph nodes should be non-palpable. Clinical Breast Exam Performed by health care provider. Recommended monthly, post-menstrua- Breast Self-Examination (BSE) tion for women. Breast Cancer in Men Relatively rare but familial risk exists. Include location, size, shape, and tender- Documentation of Findings ness. Menstrual Cycle Timing Perform BSE 2-3 days after period ends. Post-Menopausal BSE Timing Perform on the same day monthly. Breasts become softer, elongated, and Breast Changes with Aging pendulous. Nipple Changes in Aging May become smaller, flatter, or invert. American Cancer Society updated Breast Exam Recommendations guidelines in 2017. Widening of blood vessels, increasing Vasodilation blood flow. Narrowing of blood vessels, reducing Vasoconstriction blood flow. Application of heat to promote healing. Heat Therapy Used for: stiffness, aches and pains Application of cold to reduce inflamma- tion. Cold Therapy Used for: injuries to limit swelling and bleeding 3/6 Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Vasodilation Promotes muscle relaxation and in- creases muscle contractility Physiologic effects of Heat: Increases blood flow Increases capillary permeability Increases cellular metabolism Reduces joint stiffness Vasoconstriction Promotes muscle relaxation and de- creases muscle contractility Decreases blood flow Physiologic Effects of Cold: Decreases capillary permeability Slows cellular metabolism Decreases inflammation Local anesthetic effect Increases blood flow (vasodilation) and promotes tissue healing. Local Effect of Heat Usually for musculoskeletal problems; arthritis, contractures, low back pain May cause drop in blood pressure and Systemic Effect of Heat dizziness. Reduces blood flow to the area (Vaso- constriction) and prevents swelling. Local Effect of Cold Used for sports injuries (sprains, strains, fractures); reduce swelling and bleeding Increases blood pressure and may Systemic Effect of Cold cause shivering. A device with a small electrically heated water storage tank and two tubes con- Aquathermia Pad (K-Pad) nected to a network of tubing within a disposable pad Electric pad used for dry heat therapy. Warmed towel or gauze for localized Warm Compress heat. 4/6 Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Immersion in warmed solution for treat- Warm Soak ment. Heat applied with moisture, like a sitz Moist Heat bath. Warm water immersion for perineal con- Sitz Bath ditions. Cold, stinging, burning, numbness dur- Cold Progression Stages ing therapy. Body's response to abrupt temperature change. EG: In heat therapy: vessels constrict, Rebound Phenomenon cannot dissipate heat - potential for burn, and in cold therapy: Vessels will then di- late to protect against freezing of tissues Cooling methods using water or com- Moist Cold presses. Cold application using ice or ice packs. Dry Cold Hyperthermia Blanket Device for controlled heating of the body. special blanket containing coils filled with Hypothermia Blanket a cooling solution; used to reduce high body temperature Assess risks and explain procedures to Nursing Considerations patients. Active Bleeding Contraindication for heat or cold therapy. Condition that increases risk during ther- Circulatory Impairment apy. Hyperthermia Abnormally high body temperature 5/6  Assessment and Examination of Male Genitalia, Breast Assessment Tech niques in Nursing, Heat and Cold Therapy in Nursing Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g3rp9d Hypothermia abnormally low body temperature Skin rash or burn Decreased blood pressure. Increased heart rate. Increased swelling and inflammation at Safety Considerations in Heat Therapy: the site of application If a complication occurs: Remove heat source and monitor pa- tient Assess temperature The patient will experience 4 stages of cold progression: Cold Stinging Burning Safety Considerations in Cold Therapy: Numbness Discontinue cold therapy upon numb- ness Monitor patient every 5-10 minutes dur- ing therapy 6/6