5. Elements of Communication ( Lexical Components).pdf

Elements of Communicati on When writing messages and letters or composing speeches, it is important that you know how to put words together so your audience would gain better understanding of the message you are trying to convey. You must be able to integrate higher degrees of academic l...

Elements of Communicati on When writing messages and letters or composing speeches, it is important that you know how to put words together so your audience would gain better understanding of the message you are trying to convey. You must be able to integrate higher degrees of academic language in your speech and writing, and be able to understand the non-verbal cues sent to you by either your audience or your environment. To be able to do that, you should learn and understand the lexical and non lexical components of communication.  Lexical Components When using verbal or lexical communication you should try to choose words carefully in your advantage to be able to make the right impression. The use of right words is very significant in enhancing your message or in making yourself be understood. This is the reason why it is important that you understand the lexical component of communication. The lexical or verbal component of communication refers to the word or chain of words used to create a meaning. Common types of lexical components are words, parts of words, phrasal verbs, collocations, idioms, and sentence frames.  Lexical Compone nt 1. Words are unique meaningful components of speech. Words may be used alone or with others to form sentence. Examples: woman animals plants flying collect 2. Parts of words denote a single letter , a prefix, or a suffix added to words. Example: s in animals un in untold er in speaker ence in difference ly in timely Prefix are a syllable, or group of syllables, added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning. Prefixes help to add complexity to the English language and make it possible to create new words that are easily understood by speakers everywhere. Understanding a few prefix examples will help you to apply logic to new words and decode them appropriately.  Examples re/turn un/conditional mis/understanding re/build Suffix are letters or syllable that is added to the end of a word to change its meaning or to form a different word  Examples: friend/ship rela/tion ador/able bright/ness argu/ment 3. Phrasal verbs are followed by a preposition or an adverb Examples: point out ( to direct attention to something) The teacher pointed out the glitch in their programming. fill out ( to complete a form) Please do not forget to fill out the evaluation form Pass away ( to die) He passed away last year Clamp down on ( to strictly prevent something) The barangay officials decided to clamp down on the sidewalk vendors. Dress up ( to wear elegant clothes) We need to dress up for the awards night. 4. Collocations is made up of two or more words that are commonly used together in English. Think of collocations as words that usually go together.  major problem ( a big problem) His absence created a major problem. heavy drinker ( somebody who consumes more than recommended) My father is a heavy drinker. 5. An idiom is a phrase, saying or a group of words that has a metaphorical (not literal) meaning, which has become accepted in common usage. An idiom's symbolic sense is quite different from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made. Here are some common idioms: He's been pushing up the daisies for a year. (He's been dead for a year.) Let's paint the town red. (Let's have a good time in town.) She has a bun in the oven She has a bun in the oven (She is pregnant.) 6. Sentence Frames are group of words that provide a structure or a skeleton for a complete sentence. Sentence framing involves taking a specific sentence or phrase that can be used in multiple situations along with vocabulary words. Example: TOP TEN reasons you should be using these in our classroom. 1) Sentence frames shift the focus from language and writing - which can be challenging - to the content we want students to learn. 2) They empower learners who may need additional support by providing a foothold into the conversation and a structure for responding to questions. 3) They increase the depth of academic conversations by allowing students to build on one another’s ideas. 4) They allow students to ask for help and be specific about what they are struggling with or what they need. 5) Students encourage each other to try sentence frames, creating a culture of compassion and peer support in the classroom. 6) They provide a starting point and can assist with task initiation specific to writing, as they give students a starting point. 7) They are a scaffold or an accommodation for those who need them and make ideas accessible to all. 8) They decrease anxiety and ensure all students feel like a part of the learning community. 9) Sentence frames are a research-based method for assisting English Learners, students with disabilities, and learners who may struggle with written or verbal expression. 10) They are free and easy to use!