Communication Process and Principles PDF

Communication Process and Principles  What is Communication? Communication is the sending and receiving of information and can be one- on-one or between groups of people, and can be face-to- face or through communication devices. Communication requires a sender, t...

Communication Process and Principles  What is Communication? Communication is the sending and receiving of information and can be one- on-one or between groups of people, and can be face-to- face or through communication devices. Communication requires a sender, the person who initiates communication, to Nature of Communication The nature of communication is the exchange of information between two people. It is required that there be both a sender and a receiver for communication to take place. Communication is reciprocal. So at any time the sender is sending a message the receiver Communication Process Sender Encoding Channel Decoding Receiver Feedback Communication Process Sender - The person who intends to convey message with the intention of passing information and ideas to others. Communication Process Encoding - Process of converting a message into a form that can be transmitted, to such as words, symbols, or not verbal cues.. Communication Process Channel - channel the medium use to transmit the message, which can be verbal (spoken or written) or non verbal (body language, gestures and visuals) Communication Process Decoding – The process of interpreting and understanding the message by the receiver. Communication Process Receiver - The person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for. Communication Process Feedback - the response or the reaction provided by the receiver to the sender's message, which helps ensure the message was understood as intended.  Elements of Communication Lexical or Verbal Non-Lexical or Non Verbal  Lexical or Verbal Lexical or Verbal component of communication refers to the word or chain of words used to create meaning.  Lexical Components Lexical Components include; Words Parts of Words Phrasal Verbs Collocations Sentence Frames  Lexical Components Words – unique meaningful component of speech. Words may be used alone or to form a sentence. Parts of Words – denote a single letter, a prefix, or a suffix added to words. Phrasal Verbs – are verbs followed by preposition or an  Lexical Components Collocation – are a pair or group of words paired habitually, that they sound correct together. Sentence Frames – are a group of words that provide a structure or a Non- lexical Component The non-lexical or nonverbal components of communication refers to the delivering messages without words. Non- lexical Component Non- lexical Component includes; Body language Proxemics Paralanguage Presuppositions Cultural and environmental conditions  Body Language Body language is a kind of non-lexical communication where you express ideas or messages using your body. Includes gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and body stance.  Body Language a. Gestures – hand or head movements that indicate a specific meaning or support an idea so you can better persuade your audience. b. Facial expressions – are body language using facial muscles  Body Language Four techniques for managing facial expression; 1. Intensity – involves using exaggerated facial muscles to show strong emotion. 2. De-intensity – involves controlling your feelings because you might hurt someone or you do not want people to notice how you feel.  Body Language Four techniques for managing facial expression; 3. Neutralize – involves not showing any feelings while talking to somebody. 4. Mask – involves wanting to convince somebody to do something, when we ask a favor from that person; or when we do not want to hurt  Proxemics Proxemics, as coined by Hall, refers to the study of people`s use of space as a special elaboration of culture. In non-lexical communication, it is your nearness or closeness to audience.  Proxemics According to Hall, there are four proxemics zone. 1. Intimate zone 2. Personal zone 3. Social zone 4. Public zone  Paralanguage  A kind of non-lexical component of communication that you use everyday, sometimes consciously and other times unconsciously. It alters the meaning and reflects your impression of the person you are talking  Paralanguage Three groups of Paralanguage; 1. Vocal Characterizers 2. Vocal Qualifiers 3. Vocal segregation  Presupposition  A presupposition is an assumption of something you believe is implied in an utterance; it happens even without confirmation.  Cultural and Environmental Conditions  Culture refers to the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time. Since each nation has unique set of cultural traits, these may affect communication between people from  Cultural and Environmental Conditions Environmental condition refer to the strength of influence of various factors in a particular place or time.  Types of Communication Types of Communication Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication * Dyadic Communication * Small Group Communication  Intrapersonal Communication Intrapersonal communication is the type of communication we use when we talk or communicate to ourselves.  Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication is a type of communication with another person or group. It involves verbal and non- verbal communication channels.  Interpersonal Communication Three Types: * Dyadic Communication * Small Group Communication * Public Communication Dyadic Communication Dyadic Communication occurs when two people communicate face to face.  Small Group Communication Small Group Communication occurs when three or more individuals with mutual objectives, purpose, or identity are communicating. This type of interpersonal communication is primarily to attain goal accomplishment. Public Communication Public Communication is the type of communication that occurs when a person delivers a speech in a public setting. Public Communication is used to entertain, to Mass Communication  Mass communication is called “one is to many” type of communication that uses media to communicate to mass audience. Mass Communication Old New Media Media Computers Books Technology Newspap er Magazine s Radio Bariers to Effective Communication  Barriers to Effective Communication 1. Use of Jargon- using technical words that the audience will not understand will make you as an ineffective communicators. It can only be your advantage if you  Barriers to Effective Communication 2. Emotional Factors - as a communicator, you should learn how to control your emotions. Your audience knows nothing about goes inside you until you let  Barriers to Effective Communication 3. Entertaining Distractions - they come from different forms, most of which seems so natural that you do not consider it as distraction but natural phenomenon.  Barriers to Effective Communication 4. Difference in Perspectives - we have different perspectives, but these differences should not be the reason you cannot send or receive message effectively. 5. Physical Disabilities such as hearing problems or speech Physical Bariers to Non-verbal communication  Physical Bariers to Non-verbal communication 1. Language Differences - before sending a message, make sure you speak the same language as your audience to avoid misunderstanding and to ensure understanding.  Physical Bariers to Non-verbal communication 2. Expectation and Prejudices- learn to control your prejudices because it may lead to wrong assumptions or stereotyping.  Physical Bariers to Non-verbal communication 3. Cultural Differences - each culture is unique, but there are ways to bridge the differences so that you can understand each other. Thank You!