Chapter 5: Characterizing and Defining the Health Problem PDF
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Uploaded by FondMonkey75
King Khalid University, Abha
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This document presents the crucial aspects of analyzing and defining health problems, encompassing data sources, categories, statistics, and causal theories geared toward community health assessment and planning. It's structured to facilitate comprehension of the factors involved in problem evaluation.
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Chapter 5 Characterizing and Defining the Health Problem Data Sources for Community Health Assessment • • • • Archival data Public data Proprietary data Primary data • Observational data • Published literature • Other data sources (i.e., “beyond the street lamp”) Information Categories for Hea...
Chapter 5 Characterizing and Defining the Health Problem Data Sources for Community Health Assessment • • • • Archival data Public data Proprietary data Primary data • Observational data • Published literature • Other data sources (i.e., “beyond the street lamp”) Information Categories for Health Planning • Magnitude of the problem – Incidence and prevalence • Dynamics leading to the problem – Agent, host, problem • Population characteristics • Attitudes and behaviors Descriptive Statistics • Frequency • Mean • Standard deviation, variance • Odds ratio • • • • Relative risk Confidence interval Synthetic estimate Mapping Small Numbers and Small Areas • Small denominators mean that small changes in the numerator lead to large changes in the rate or proportion • One strategy is to pool multiple years of data Elements of a Causal Theory • Existing factors • Causes Moderating factors Mediating factors Generic Model of a Causal Theory Causal Theory Diagram for Adult Immunization Causal Theory Diagram for Adolescent Deaths from Gunshot Wounds Causal Theory Statement Templates • Risk of health problem among population / community is indicated by health outcome indicators and results from causative factors. • Health problem among population / community, indicated in health outcome indicators, is caused by causative factors, but is mediated by mediating factors given that moderating factors moderate the causes and that required antecedent factors Prioritizing Health Problems • Nominal group technique • Basic priority rating system (BPRS) – Basic priority rating = (A + 2B) * C – A = magnitude, B = seriousness, C = intervention effectiveness • Propriety, economic, acceptability, resources, and legality (PEARL) • Importance and changeability Causal Theory Model with BPRS Score Elements
