Radiographic Anatomy Lower Limb PDF

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY LOWER LIMB By Dr. Rana Aldahlawi Axial and Appendicular skeleton Pelvic Girdle (Hip Girdle) Strongly attached to axial skeleton Less freedom of movement (sacrum) Deep sockets Made up of the p...

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY LOWER LIMB By Dr. Rana Aldahlawi Axial and Appendicular skeleton Pelvic Girdle (Hip Girdle) Strongly attached to axial skeleton Less freedom of movement (sacrum) Deep sockets Made up of the paired hip bones “Bony pelvis” is basin-like structure: hip bones plus the axial sacrum and coccyx More stable than (shoulder) girdle Hip bone (oscoxae): 3 separate bones in childhood which fuse Ilium Ischium Pubis Function of the pelvis Provides attachment for number of muscles Transfer of weight from and ligaments used in the upper axial skeleton movement to the lower appendicular components of the skeleton, especially during movement Contains and protects the abdominopelvic and pelvic viscera  Ilium Iliac crest ilium Anterior superior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Forms part of “acetabulum” (hip socket) ilium which receives ball-shaped head of femur  Ischium Body Ischial tuberosity Ramus Part of Ischial spine socket Ischium Ischium  Pubis Joins medially in pubic symphysis Forms “obturator foramen” (large hole) with ischium pubis Forms part of “acetabulum” (hip socket) which receives ball-shaped head of femur pubis Hip bones with labels  True and false pelvis Greater pelvis (false pelvis) Lesser pelvis (true pelvis)  Located superiorly, it provides support of Located inferiorly. Within the lesser pelvis the lower abdominal viscera (such as the reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera ileum and sigmoid colon) It is the bony canal through which the fetus  It has little obstetric relevance must pass during childbirth False pelvis True pelvis Gender difference in pelvis Female pelvis Is wider, broader and lighter in weight compared to narrow heavy pelvis in male An oval-shaped inlet compared with the heart-shaped male pelvis Greater angled sub-pubic arch inferior to pubic symphysis Sacrum is shorter, more curved compared with long sacrum in male Lowe limb 30 There are 30 bones in each lower limb 1 Femur within the thigh 3 Patella, tibia, fibula in the leg 7 Tarsal bones 5 Metatarsal bones 14 phalanges in the foot  Femur Largest, longest and strongest bone in the body Head fits in socket (acetabulum) of pelvis Neck is weakest Greater and lesser trochanter Distal: lateral & medial condyles and epicondyles Patella  Sesamoids: a type of bone that develops in some tendons where they cross the ends of long bones  Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body Knee joint It is a hinge type synovial joint It is the largest joint in the human body The knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints Patellofemoral ‒ anterior aspect of the distal femur articulates with the Tibiofemoral ‒ medial and lateral patella. It allows the tendon of the condyles of the femur articulate with quadriceps femoris to be inserted the tibial condyles. It is the weight- bearing component of the knee joint directly over the knee ‒ increasing the efficiency of the muscle  Leg Tibia shin bone  Medially  Medial and lateral condyles  Tibial tuberosity  Distal medial malleolus (medial ankle) Fibula  Laterally  Proximal head of fibula  Distal lateral malleolus (lateral ankle)  Interosseous membrane (ligament)  Proximal and distal tibiofibular joints Foot Tarsus: 7 tarsal bones Talus articulates with tibia and fibula anteriorly and calcaneus posteriorly Calcaneus heel bone Smaller cuboid, navicular and 3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediate and lateral) 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges Great toe is hallux Ankle joint Synovial hinge joint, permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot Articulation of distal tibia and fibula and the foot (talus) Calcaneus is not considered part of the ankle joint  Joints of lower limb Hip joint The articulation of the pelvis acetabulum with the head of the femur Knee joint  Tibiofemoral  Patellofemoral Lower leg: Proximal and distal tibiofibular joints Ankle joint Foot 3  Medial Longitudinal arches  Lateral  Transverse Has tendons that run inferior to foot bones Help support arches of foot Function of the arches Body weight distribution Act as a spring which help in walking and running Act as shock absorber in stepping and jumping Concavity of arches protect soft tissues of the sole against pressure  Flat foot  Is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground Summary 1 Function of the pelvis 7 Foot: 7 tarsal bones: Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Navicular, medial, 2 Pelvic Girdle intermediate and lateral Cuneiform 3 Greater and lesser pelvis 4 Female vs. Male pelvis 8 Metatarsal and phalanges 5 Femur, Patella 9 Joints of lower limb 6 Tibia, Fibula 10 Arches: 3, function Thanks Any questions?