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Questions and Answers
What structure is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis in children?
What structure is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis in children?
Which part of the pelvis is also referred to as the true pelvis?
Which part of the pelvis is also referred to as the true pelvis?
What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?
What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?
Which component of the pelvis receives the ball-shaped head of the femur?
Which component of the pelvis receives the ball-shaped head of the femur?
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What significant feature characterizes the hip girdle compared to the shoulder girdle?
What significant feature characterizes the hip girdle compared to the shoulder girdle?
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What is a key characteristic of the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?
What is a key characteristic of the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?
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Which bone is considered the largest sesamoid bone in the human body?
Which bone is considered the largest sesamoid bone in the human body?
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How many bones are present in one lower limb?
How many bones are present in one lower limb?
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What describes the knee joint?
What describes the knee joint?
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Which part of the femur is considered the weakest?
Which part of the femur is considered the weakest?
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What is the role of the true pelvis in childbirth?
What is the role of the true pelvis in childbirth?
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Which component of the knee joint allows for the insertion of the quadriceps tendon?
Which component of the knee joint allows for the insertion of the quadriceps tendon?
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What shape is the inlet of the female pelvis?
What shape is the inlet of the female pelvis?
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Which component of the lower limb consists of the femur, patella, tibia, and fibula?
Which component of the lower limb consists of the femur, patella, tibia, and fibula?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the male pelvis compared to the female pelvis?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the male pelvis compared to the female pelvis?
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The pelvis in females is narrower and heavier compared to the pelvis in males.
The pelvis in females is narrower and heavier compared to the pelvis in males.
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The knee joint is classified as a hinge type synovial joint.
The knee joint is classified as a hinge type synovial joint.
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The pelvic girdle provides more freedom of movement compared to the shoulder girdle.
The pelvic girdle provides more freedom of movement compared to the shoulder girdle.
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The sacrum in females is longer and less curved compared to the male sacrum.
The sacrum in females is longer and less curved compared to the male sacrum.
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The femur is considered the strongest bone in the body.
The femur is considered the strongest bone in the body.
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The true pelvis is located inferiorly and is important for childbirth.
The true pelvis is located inferiorly and is important for childbirth.
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The hip bone is made up of four separate bones that fuse in adulthood.
The hip bone is made up of four separate bones that fuse in adulthood.
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There are 28 bones in each lower limb.
There are 28 bones in each lower limb.
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The acetabulum is the socket that receives the ball-shaped head of the femur.
The acetabulum is the socket that receives the ball-shaped head of the femur.
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The greater pelvis is also known as the true pelvis.
The greater pelvis is also known as the true pelvis.
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Study Notes
Radiographic Anatomy Lower Limb
- The lower limb comprises 30 bones.
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs.
- The axial skeleton includes the bones of the trunk and head.
Pelvic Girdle (Hip Girdle)
- The pelvic girdle is strongly attached to the axial skeleton (sacrum).
- It features deep sockets, making it more stable than the shoulder girdle.
- It has less freedom of movement compared to other joints.
- The bony pelvis is a basin-like structure formed by the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
Hip bone (os coxae)
- The hip bone is composed of three separate bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) in childhood, which fuse.
Ilium
- The ilium is part of the hip bone and forms part of the acetabulum (hip socket).
- The iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, and greater sciatic notch are notable features.
- The ilium receives the ball-shaped head of the femur.
Sacroiliac Joint
- The sacroiliac joint connects the ilium to the sacrum.
Ischium
- The ischium is part of the hip bone.
- Contains the ischial tuberosity and ischial spine.
- The ischium contributes to the acetabulum and the obturator foramen.
Pubis
- The pubis is part of the hip bone, joining medially at the pubic symphysis.
- It forms part of the obturator foramen and the acetabulum.
Hip Bones with Labels
- Various features and landmarks, like the superior/inferior iliac spines, sciatic notch, ramus, and different parts of the pubis are labelled.
Function of the Pelvis
- The pelvis transfers weight from the upper axial skeleton to the lower appendicular skeleton, vital for movement.
- It provides attachment for muscles and ligaments critical for movement.
- It contains and protects the abdominopelvic and pelvic viscera.
Ilium Details
- The iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, and greater sciatic notch are specific features of the ilium.
- The ilium's function includes forming part of the acetabulum, which receives the femur's head.
True and False Pelvis
- The greater pelvis (false pelvis) is superior and supports lower abdominal organs.
- The lesser pelvis (true pelvis) is inferior and houses the pelvic cavity.
- The true pelvis is relevant in childbirth, as it is the bony canal where the fetus passes.
Gender Differences in Pelvis
- The female pelvis is wider, broader, and lighter than the male pelvis.
- The female pelvis has an oval-shaped inlet, and a sub-pubic arch angled inferior to pubic symphysis, in contrast to the heart-shaped inlet and obtuse angle in males.
- The sacrum is shorter and more curved in females compared to the longer, straighter sacrum in males.
Lower Limb Bones
- There are 30 bones in each lower limb. The bones are: femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges.
Femur
- The femur is the thigh's longest, largest, and strongest bone.
- The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum.
- The neck is the weakest part of the femur.
- The greater and lesser trochanters are prominent features.
- The distal end comprises medial & lateral condyles and epicondyles.
Patella
- The patella is the largest sesamoid bone, situated in the knee tendon.
- It has a base (superior border), apex (inferior surface), and anterior/posterior surfaces.
Patellofemoral Joint
- The patella sits within the intercondylar groove of the femur.
- The patella's function is to improve the efficiency of the quadriceps femoris tendon.
Knee Joint
- The knee is a hinge type synovial joint.
- It's the largest joint, connecting the thigh to the leg.
- The knee comprises tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints.
- The tibiofemoral joint comprises medial & lateral condyles of the femur and tibia that bear weight.
- The patellofemoral joint engages the patella with the distal femur.
Leg (Tibia and Fibula)
- The tibia is medial to the fibula in the leg.
- The tibia has medial & lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity, & distal medial malleolus.
- The fibula is lateral, with a proximal head and distal lateral malleolus.
- The interosseous membrane connects the tibia and fibula.
Foot (Tarsus, Metatarsals, and Phalanges)
- The foot contains 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges.
- The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula.
- The calcaneus forms the heel.
- The cuneiform and cuboid bones are additional tarsal bones.
- The great toe is the hallux.
Ankle Joint
- The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint.
- It allows dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.
- The articulation of the distal tibia, fibula, and talus forms the ankle joint.
- The calcaneus isn't considered part of the ankle joint.
Joints of the Lower Limb
- The major joints in the lower limb include the hip, knee, lower leg (proximal and distal tibiofibular joints), and ankle joints.
Foot Arches
- The foot has 3 arches (medial, lateral, and transverse).
- Tendons run inferior to the foot bones, supporting the arches.
Flat Foot
- Flat foot is a postural deformity that involves the collapse of foot arches.
- The entire sole of the foot comes into complete or near-complete contact with the ground.
Summary
- The provided material summarizes the key elements of the lower limb's anatomy, function, and joints.
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the lower limb's anatomy with this quiz. Learn about the bones, pelvic girdle structure, and relationships with the axial and appendicular skeleton. Test your knowledge on the hip bone and associated joints.
