(4) Respiratory System.pdf

 contain hyalinecartilage Pharynx skeletalmucus Connect nose and mouth to the trachea. TO see Nasopharynx is the posterior continuation of c nasal cavities and becomes continuous with...

 contain hyalinecartilage Pharynx skeletalmucus Connect nose and mouth to the trachea. TO see Nasopharynx is the posterior continuation of c nasal cavities and becomes continuous with It the oropharynx at the levelf of soft palate. It is lined by respiratory epithelium. pseudostratifiedcilliatedwithgobletcell  larynx The larynx connect the pharynx with the o trachea. o The wall of the larynx is supported by hyaline 0 cartilage and also striated muscle. skeletal muscle The vocal cords consist of skeletal muscle (the 2 vocalis muscle. The anterior glottis is covered f with Stratified squamous epithelium, posterior glottis is covered with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium Production of sound. function  elasticfibers Epiglottis contain preventthefoodfromenteringthe respiratorysystem Epiglottis close off trachea to prevent inhalation of solids or liquids. e The epiglottis made of elastic cartilage.  Trachea flatwhite Mucosa: the respiratory___epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells) The submucosa is a connective tissue layer 291 contain many seromucous glands. serous mucous e Hyaline cartilage. coffer Adventitia contain dens connective tissue.  Bronchus Bronchiole Short lumen. Long lumen. Lined with pseudo stratified r or non Lined with ciliated r f columnar ciliated. ciliated columnar cells, Clara Present plate of cartilage cell. chidefromphatogen and present muco-serous No cartilage or glands in glands mucosa asthmahappenin bronchioles  Pneumocyte type I roundnucleuse cuboidal o Represents 97% of alveolar wall cells. Simple squamous cells o Form part of the blood gas barrier where 0 exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs. 0_  Pneumocytes type II o Represent 3% of alveolar wall cells. Rounded cells o They secrete surfactant (phospholipids in nature) which decrease surfacee tension of the alveoli to avoid their collapse during expiration, set  test Hyaline membrane disease In who lack adequate amount of pulmonary surfactant. (labored breathing) Can prevented by glucocorticoids which induce synthesis of e surfactant. Is Asthma Constriction of smooth muscle in bronchioles, cause a decrease in their diameter. (dysdnoea and mucus) Seem Treated with drugs that relax the bronchiolar smooth muscle and dilated the passageways.  7 Emphysema - Destruction of alveolar walls and formation of large cyst- like sacs, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. Also decreased elasticity of the lungs. E sterners - Pseudostrati ed change to Strati ed Squamous metaplasia (SQM) is a preneoplasia. Destruction and change of the bronchial epithelium by cigarette smoke. Cilia decrease, Goblet increase. Accumulate mucus. fears god bless you