16 Questions
What type of epithelium lines the posterior glottis?
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
What is the function of the epiglottis?
To prevent food from entering the respiratory system
What type of cartilage supports the larynx?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the characteristic of the submucosa layer in the trachea?
It contains many seromucous glands
What is the difference between the bronchus and bronchiole?
The bronchus has a long lumen, while the bronchiole has a short lumen
What type of cells line the bronchioles?
Ciliated columnar cells
What type of muscle is found in the vocal cords?
Skeletal muscle
What is the function of pneumocyte type II cells?
To secrete surfactant
What is the function of the nasopharynx?
To connect the nose and mouth to the trachea
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What is the cause of hyaline membrane disease?
Lack of adequate amount of pulmonary surfactant
What is the effect of asthma on the bronchioles?
Constriction of smooth muscle in bronchioles
What is emphysema characterized by?
Destruction of alveolar walls and formation of large cyst-like sacs
What is the effect of squamous metaplasia on the bronchial epithelium?
Decrease in cilia and increase in goblet cells
What is the function of pneumocyte type I cells?
To form part of the blood gas barrier
What is the percentage of alveolar wall cells that pneumocyte type II cells represent?
3%
Study Notes
Pharynx and Larynx
- Nasopharynx is the posterior continuation of nasal cavities and becomes continuous with the oropharynx at the level of the soft palate.
- Larynx connects the pharynx with the trachea.
- The wall of the larynx is supported by hyaline cartilage and striated muscle (skeletal muscle).
- Vocal cords consist of skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle).
- Anterior glottis is covered with Stratified squamous epithelium, posterior glottis is covered with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium.
Epiglottis and Trachea
- Epiglottis closes off the trachea to prevent inhalation of solids or liquids.
- Epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage.
- Trachea has mucosa with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
- Submucosa is a connective tissue layer with many seromucous glands.
- Hyaline cartilage is present in the trachea.
- Adventitia contains dense connective tissue.
Bronchus and Bronchiole
- Bronchus has a short lumen, lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
- Bronchiole has a long lumen, lined with ciliated columnar cells, Clara cells, and present mucoserous glands.
Alveoli and Pneumocytes
- Pneumocyte type I represents 97% of alveolar wall cells, has a cuboidal shape, and forms part of the blood-gas barrier.
- Pneumocyte type II represents 3% of alveolar wall cells, has a rounded shape, and secretes surfactant to decrease surface tension of alveoli.
Respiratory Diseases
- Hyaline membrane disease occurs in those who lack adequate amounts of pulmonary surfactant, causing labored breathing.
- Asthma is a constriction of smooth muscle in bronchioles, causing decreased diameter and dyspnea.
- Emphysema is the destruction of alveolar walls and formation of large cyst-like sacs, reducing surface area available for gas exchange.
This quiz covers the structure and function of the pharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx in the human respiratory system.
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