Histology Notes PDF

Beni-Suef University Faculty of Science Zoology Department Prepared by Prepared by Heba Hussein Bakry Demonstrator of Immunology section, Zoology...

Beni-Suef University Faculty of Science Zoology Department Prepared by Prepared by Heba Hussein Bakry Demonstrator of Immunology section, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University  Introduction Histology: science deals with the study of tissues. Cells are the body’s smallest functional units They are grouped together to form tissues, each of which has specialized functions. Tissues are grouped together to form organs which together form system performing particular functions.  TYPES OF TISSUES Tissues: is a collection of cells which have more or less similar structure and perform relatively common functions. FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES Epithelial tissues  C.T 1A1 Proper Skeletal Vascular 1- Areolar 2- Adipose 3- Mucous 1- Bones 1- Blood 4- Reticular 2- Cartilage 2- Lymph 5- Fibrous 6- Elastic  A- Proper connective tissue 1- Areolar C.T Components A- Fibres -White (Collagenous) fibres: run in bundles. -Yellow (Elastic) fibres: run singly and branched B- Cells -Fibrocytes (Fibroblast): secrete the fibres, -The mast cells: secrete the ground substance and have granular cytoplasm. -Macrophage -The fat cells: full of fat droplets -Plasma cells -Some white blood cells (Such as eosinophils and lymphocytes) 2- Adipose C.T Fat cells loaded with fat globules Adipose C.T under LM 3- Mucous C.T White fibres and fibroblasts embedded in semi- fluid or gelatinous matrix Mucous C.T under LM B- Skeletal C.T Cartilage: matrix is solid and clear, chondrocytes (chondroblasts) are arranged either singly or in groups of twos or fours Cartilage Lie in capsule Fibro- Hyaline cartilage Elastic Calcified Hyaline cartilage Matrix is clear Hyaline cartilage from trachea  SKELETAL C.T Hyaline Cartilage Hyaline cartilage under LM Elastic cartilage Matrix rich in yellow fibres Elastic cartilage under LM C- The Vascular C.T Blood and lymph: are liquid tissues and flow in vessels The blood of man -The Erythrocytes (RBCs): round, biconcave on one side and non nucleated. -The Leucocytes (WBCS): larger, nucleated and exhibit amoeboid movement.  Leucocytes are two main types: A- Granulocytes: cytoplasm have granules (Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) B- Agranulocytes : have clear cytoplasm (Lymphocytes and monocytes)  Blood film of man Blood film of Bufo Blood film of Human (man) 3-Muscular tissues These tissues form muscles Muscles Smooth Skeletal Cardiac  L.S IN SKELETAL MUSCLE L.S in Skeletal muscle L.S in Cardiac muscle