Animal Reproduction Behaviors PDF

12/5/2023 Topic 4 – Reproduction & Growth 4-3 Animal Behaviors for Reproduction Pg 218 - 226 • What causes animals to behave in certain ways? • What are some different ways in which animals reproduce? • How can the behavior of animals increase their chances of reproducing? 1 Animal Behavior Exam...

12/5/2023 Topic 4 – Reproduction & Growth 4-3 Animal Behaviors for Reproduction Pg 218 - 226 • What causes animals to behave in certain ways? • What are some different ways in which animals reproduce? • How can the behavior of animals increase their chances of reproducing? 1 Animal Behavior Examples of animal behavior  • Looking for food • Avoiding predators • Looking for mates • Caring for young Behavior refers to the reaction of an organism to changes in internal conditions or external environment 2 1 12/5/2023 Animal Behavior • Some behaviors are learnt, some are known without being taught • Instinct  response that is inborn and that the animal performs correctly the first time e.g. of instinctive behavior • marsupial climbing into mother’s pouch • newly hatched sea turtles crawling towards the sea Other behaviors are learnt  learning can lead to change in behavior based on practice or experience 3 Animal Behavior Animal behavior help them survive and reproduce e.g. looking for food, hiding from predator  help in survival search for mates, build nest for young  help in reproduction 4 2 12/5/2023 Mating Behavior • Fertilization happens when male sperm fertilizes female egg cells to form a zygote which develops into a new organism Different organisms have different mating systems One male & one female – monogamy Mating systems e.g. puffins, barn owls, grey wolves develop to serve One male & multiple females – polygyny the needs of the e.g. gorilla, baboons, lions species One female & multiple males - polyandry e.g. honeybees, crickets Males & females have multiple partners - polygyandry e.g. squirrels 5 Communication Use sounds, scents, body movements to communicate. Ultimate goal is usually reproduction. Sound  e.g. bird singing to attract mates Scent  pheromone: chemical released by one animal affecting behavior of another animal of the same species Body movement  dance or showing of feathers in birds 6 3 12/5/2023 Competition Competition happens when there is limited resources Mates are limited resource Usually display aggression  threatening behavior that one animal uses to intimidate or dominate another animal Territory  Area that is occupied and defended by an animal or a group of animals. Animals defending its territory will drive away other animals that compete with it for mates. 7 Reproductive Strategies Parental investment – investment of time, energy & resource in caring for offspring Some to significant investment No investment - Weeks to years under the care of a - No contact with offspring parent e.g. bird incubate eggs - Offspring develop without help - One or both parents care for from parents offspring until offspring can be - Care for themselves from birth independent - Such animals release many - Such animals have fewer offspring at eggs at a time to increase a time due to the increased changes of survival investment in one offspring 8 4 12/5/2023 Fertilization Strategies Fertilization happens when sperm cell joins with an egg cell It may happen externally or internally External fertilization – Eggs fertilized outside the female’s body e.g. male fish release sperm into a cloud of eggs the female released. Not all the eggs will be fertilized – but many will. 9 Fertilization Strategies Internal fertilization – Eggs fertilized within the female’s body e.g. male animal release sperm directly into female’s body where eggs are located. Fertilized egg develop inside or outside the female’s body. Develop inside the female’s body – mammals Develop outside the female’s body – reptiles & birds 10 5 12/5/2023 Cooperative Behavior • Increase chances of survival and reproduction by living and working in groups • Effective way of protecting young from predators e.g. female elephant herds surround and protect young in the middle • Parenting of other member’s offspring e.g. worker bees protecting hive’s young 11 Migratory Behavior Migration is the regular, seasonal journey an animal makes from one place to another and back again. Reasons for migration: • To a region with more food & resources • Better climate • Better environment for reproduction (finding mates & raising young) Animal behaviors are usually tied to the Earth’s cycles of seasons. Usually follows a predictable cycle to ensure offspring are born with the best chances of survival. 12 6 12/5/2023 Homework Do: Pg 220: Model it Pg 221: Courtship behavior Pg 222: Parenting behavior Pg 223: Math toolbox, reading check, external fertilization Pg 224: Reading check, working together Pg 225: migratory routes Pg 226: lesson 3 check (no quest check in) 13 7