Building System Designs Preliminary Examination Reviewer PDF

MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF BUILDING SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT above substructure both Environment These are the surroundings that internally and externally....

MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF BUILDING SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENT above substructure both Environment These are the surroundings that internally and externally. can be natural, man-made, or a combination of these. Built Created by man with or without Environment the aid of the natural environment. - External Built Environment (refers to the environment outside the building and other enclosures) - Internal Built Environment (refers to the environment that is created inside a building or other enclosures) Difference between Substructure and Superstructure Finishes The final surfaces which can be self- finished as with a troweled concrete surface or an applied finish such as floor tiles. The purpose of a building is to provide shelter for the performance of human activities. Building/ A temporary factory employing The form of a building is an Construction the necessary resources to outgrowth of: FEVsef Site successfully fulfill a contract. - Function - Environment - GOALS: Time, Cost, and - Various socio-economic Quality TCQ factors - TCQ Construction STRUCTURES Participants: Designer, Owner, and Constructor Structure The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. CONSTRUCTION RESOURCES Substructure Composed of all the structures Manpower In the form of managerial and below the superstructure, which supervisory staff. in the form of in general terms considered to craftsmen and general site include all structures below operatives. ground level. Materials For temporary works, access Superstructure Composed of all the structures provisions, security, and final UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 1  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER PLANNING structure What internal and external spaces the owner Machine Plant From the simple handheld tools needs to large items such as tower cranes. The sizes of these spaces Money In the form of capital investment Their relative location from the building owner to pay for the land, design team fees Their interconnection and building contractor who uses his money to buy Internal and external flow, or circulation, of materials, buy or hire plant and people and supplies hire labor to enable the project to be realized. Degree of internal environmental control Other facilities required How is a construction project accomplished? Enhancement of appearance inside and outside Construction by Owner, Design Firm & (aesthetics) a general Contractor (Subcontractor & contractor Contractor’s Workforce) Maximizing and minimizing environmental impacts Construction by Owner, Design/Build Firm, a design/build Construction Design force & firm Locating machinery and other equipment to meet Force (Subcontractor) an owner’s objectives Construction by Owner, Construction Manager hiring a (Design Firm & Construction) ENGINEERING construction manager Enclosures for the desired spaces Means of supporting and bracing these TYPICAL PROJECT METAMORPHOSIS enclosures with sustainable characteristics 1 Decision to build 6 Tender Action Means of attaining the desired environmental 2 Designer Selection 7 Pre-construction control (HVAC, lighting, noise Planning Means of attaining the desired horizontal and 3 Scheme Design 8 Procurement of vertical circulation of people and supplies Resources Providing for water supply and waste removal 4 Detailed Design 9 Site Operations Power supply needed for the building and the 5 Budget 10 Completion and means of distributing the required power Determination Turnover Safety of occupants in emergency conditions Building design may be considered divided into two such as fire steps, planning and engineering, which necessarily overlap. UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 2  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER SOFTWARE USED FOR BUILDING DESIGNS ARCHITECTURAL - Planning & Scheduling Autocad AutoCAD is computer-aided - Single Work-shared Autodesk design (CAD) software that BIM Model architects, engineers, and construction professionals SketchUp SketchUp is the simplest rely on to create precise 2D free 3D modeling software. It and 3D drawings also explores the efficient It is also used to design way to convert 2D blueprints for buildings, construction plans into a 3D bridges, and roads. It allows people to draw and model. design everything in detail to scale SolidWorks Developed by Dassault Systemes Autodesk Revit Revit is used to coordinate SolidWorks is a solid all data inputs (including modeling computer-aided CAD) and produce federated design and computer-aided project deliverables. Both engineering application programs are often used within the same firm, with STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS BIM and CAD specialists working on different ETABS ETABS (Extended elements of a project. Three-Dimesional Analysis Revit is a modeling tool, of Building System) where building components developed by Computers are identified by their and Structures, Inc. function, and the model can ETABS is an engineering include technical software product that caters specifications and pricing to multi-story building data. analysis and design It is widely used in structural ASC Technology BIM Levels engineering analysis and Solutions BIM Level 0 - 2D Drawing design software for structural BIM Level 1 - 2D & 3D and earthquake engineering Model BIM Level 2 - Multi-trade SAP2000 SAP2000 (Structural BIM 3D Models Analysis Program 2000) BIM Level 3 - Single Work - developed by Computers shared BIM Model and Structures, Inc. BIM Level 4 - Planning & SAP2000 is a software used Scheduling to perform modeling, - Single Work-shared analysis, design, and BIM Model reporting BIM Level 5 - Cost Applicable to any type of Estimation structural system, 2D and - Planning & Scheduling 3D, simple geometry to - Single Work-shared complex BIM Model BIM Level 6 - Sustainability STAAD Pro STAAD (Structural Analysis & Energy Efficiency and Designing Programs) - Cost Estimation Developed by Bentley UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 3  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Systems Inc. and analysis of mechanical It is used for structural components and assemblies analysis, finite element (pre-processing) modeling (FEM) and A software suite for finite physical modeling element analysis and computer-aided engineering 12D 12D Model is a powerful terrain modelling, surveying and civil engineering PLANNING software package MS Excel Developed by Microsoft Inc. Road and Highways, Ports The features of this software and Dredging, Land includes calculations, graph, Development, Airport tables, and macro Infrastructure, Rail, Mining programming that can be Infrastructure, Drainage, useful in construction Sewer and Utilities, planning Surveying, Oil and Gas, Construction, Rivers, Dams, MS Project Developed by Microsoft Inc. and Hydrology, It is used to assist a project Environmental manager to create or develop a plan, assign tasks, MIDAS Used for structural analysis, finite to track progress, manage element analysis, bridge analysis the budget and analyze design workloads SAFE SAFE is a software used for Oracle Primavera is a project the structural analysis of Primavera management tool that is Slabs, Mats, and Footings used to create project It is developed by schedules from initial to the Computers and Structures end Inc., same as ETABS It involves project management, collaboration, Tekla Structures Tekla Structural Designer is and control capabilities. software that gives Helpful in monitoring the engineers the power to schedule of a project and analyze and design buildings understand the status of the efficiently and profitably project at each critical part Fully automated Can be link to ERP New software compared to (Enterprise Resource others Planning) systems: ERP - software used to manage day-to-day business ADAPT ADAPT is used for structural activities analysis, design and investigation software for concrete buildings and ESTIMATE bridges PlanSwift PlanSwift is a construction Used for post tension takeoff software for concrete analysis calculating everything you ABAQUS Developed by Dassault need to estimate: labor, Systemes square foot/meter, perimeter, Used for both the modeling volume of simple or complex UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 4  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER structural members, etc. construction project by A construction takeoff by counting and measuring definition is the process of items from a set of drawings. quantifying the material quantity required for a MODULE 2: BASIC BUILDING ELEMENTS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION PARTS OF A HOUSE Chajja - (concrete roof) protect the windows or openings from rain Opening must be concrete and not part of masonry Doors and Windows Floors Roof Steps, Stairs Conveying systems vertical SUBSTRUCTURE and Lift or horizontal Foundation A foundation is necessary to Finishes Flooring, Ceilings, Walls evenly distribute the entire building load on the soil in such a manner that no damaging BUILDING SERVICES settlements take place. Electrical (Energy, Lights) Mechanical (Energy, Aircon) SUPERSTRUCTURE Plumbing (Water, Sanitary) Plinth Ground Floor Slab Support for Structure Walling BUILDING PLANS System OBO - Office of the Building Officials Protects the house from water Specifications: - Document Walls, Columns Purely buhos/concrete - Details of Construction Process and Beams Shear Wall - resist horizontal - Procedure of Installation forces - What Kind of Materials - Prevents swaying - buildings/torsional - Present at high 1 Lot Plan TCT - Transfer buildings Certificate Title Area Addres Load Path Suspended Slab → Beam → Geodetic Column → Foundation → Ground/Soil Engineer - responsible for Sills, Lintels, Give structure to openings signing the Lot Chajjas Buhos Plan Lintels and Sills - prevents windows from load from 2 Soil Test Report Not needed, if the lot walls is small Lintels - top of the window Liquid Limit, Plastic Sills - bottom of the window Limit UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 5  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Reccomended ➔ Cross foundation depth section ➔ What type of - Introduction footing - Subsurface Exploration (2) Next Page: - Laboratory Testing - Framing Plans - Subsurface ➔ Connection Conditions of beams - Discussions and and columns Recommendation s (3) Next Page: - Seismicity - Structural Details - Liquefaction ➔ Slabs - Limitations ➔ Wall System ➔ Footing 3 Architectural (1) 1st Page: plans and - Perspective (4) Next Page: specifications - Vicinity Map - Roof Framing - Site Development Plans Plan ➔ Post, - Table of Contents Trusses - List of Designers - Area Computation (5) Next Page: - Stair Details (2) Next Page (can be ➔ Bakal & more than one, since the Buhos number of floors differs): ➔ Ergonomics: - Floor Plans 150-200 ➔ Dimension mm height; ➔ Scale 200 - 250 - General Notes mm width (3) Next Page: - Elevations 5 Electrical plans - General Notes ➔ Front, Rear, and specifications ➔ Method Right, Left - Power Layout ➔ Outlets / (4) Next Page: Convenienc - Section Drawings e Outlets - Window Schedule - Lighting Layout ➔ Switch (5) Next Page: ➔ Hindi ideal - Reflected Ceiling na isa lang Plan ang breaker ➔ Lighting - Schedule Of Layout Loads ➔ Must have ➔ CB# legend ➔ Volts ➔ Ampere 4 Structural plans (1) 1st Page: ➔ Panel Board and specifications - Foundation - 2P Details UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 6  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER (Residential) specifications , 3P (Heavy - Septic tank Equipments) - Riser Diagram 7 Mechanical plans - General Notes ➔ Elevation and specifications - Some Details - Air Conditioning 6 Plumbing plans - Water Supply and Ventilation and specifications Layout Layout ➔ Water in, waste out *Note: Put much more focus on Architectural and - Sewer and Storm Layout Structural Plans and its function - Isometric View ➔ 3D for plumbing and water drainage - Some MODULE 3: SYSTEM DESIGN METHODS AND ITS APPLICATION SYSTEM DESIGN TYPICAL PROJECT METAMORPHOSIS System Design Defined as the application of scientific methods to selection and assembly of components or subsystems to form the optimum system to attain specified goals and objectives while subject to constraints or restrictions. Conceptual Alternative building systems are Phase synthesized and investigated. Design Alternative component systems Development are synthesized and investigated SYSTEM OBJECTIVES Phase Basic They specify the requirements of Contract Details are worked out. Objectives building codes, zoning Documents ordinances, subdivision Phase regulations, utility companies, fire marshals, health Construction Building is erected. departments, etc. Phase Service They specify the needs of the Objectives clients and building users and ensure that those needs will be met. Interactive They specify how the system to Objectives be designed will affect the environment and other systems. UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 7  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER SOME OF THE LAWS, CODES, AND STANDARD designed safely, basic USED IN PLANNING requirements of hygiene, NSCP – National Provides the minimum durable piping materials, Structural Code requirements for the design proper sewerage system of the and construction of structural Regulation of Master Philippines members of any structure Plumbers erected under the requirements of a general Philippine A code that is used as a building code that Electrical Code basis for safe electrical incorporates it systems. Issued and maintained by Prevention for persons, the Association of the buildings and contents from Structural Engineers of the electrical hazards. Philippines (ASEP) Safety standards on: - Design and BP 220 – Rules An act authorizing the specifications and Standards ministry of human - Installation for Economic settlements to establish and - Operation and and Socialized promulgate different levels of maintenance Housing standards and technical requirements for economic Philippine A code that is used as a and socialized housing Mechanical basis for safe mechanical projects in urban and rural Code systems. areas Contains relevant a) Economic Housing - fundamental and real world a type of housing project practices that would ensure provided to average mechanical engineers to income families enhance and maintain high professional, technical, and b) Socialized Housing - ethical standards or the refers to housing projects practice of mechanical covering houses and lots engineering profession only undertaken by the government or private Comprehensive Zoning is the division of a sector for the Land Use Plan city/municipality into zones underprivileged and or sub-zones) according to homeless citizens present and potential uses of land to maximize, regulate PD No. 856 - The A decree to improve the way and direct their use and Code on Filipinos by addressing development in accordance Sanitation of the public health services. with the Comprehensive Philippines Providing sanitary laws to Land Use Plan. ensure that establishments are keeping up with modern ZONES standards of sanitation. Provide a handy reference 1 Residential 7 Agricultural and guide for enforcement 2 Socialized Housing 8 Agro-Industrial National To ensure the observance of Plumbing Code latest provisions in plumbing 3 Commercial 9 Forest of the and environmental laws; Philippines Principles: supply of safe 4 Industrial 10 Water water, plumbing fixtures must be supplied with 5 Institutional 11 Tourism adequate volume of water, devices for heating must be 6 Cemetery/ Memorial 12 Parks & Recreation Park UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 8  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER openings, structural parts, P.D. 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines existing utilities (as long as it does Components of NBCP not increase height and floor area) Chapter 1 – General Provisions Chapter 2 – Administration and Enforcement Construction Changes in the materials Chapter 3 – Permits and Inspection used, partitioning, P.D. 1096 - Provides for all buildings and location/size of openings, National structures, a framework of structural parts, existing Building Code minimum standards and utilities (as long as it does not of the requirements to regulate and increase height and floor Philippines control their location, site, design, area) - difference with quality of materials, construction, alteration is that it starts from use, occupancy and scratch maintenance. All on-site work done in the site preparation, excavation, Building Permit A document issued by the foundation, assembly of all Building Official to an owner / the components and applicant to proceed with an installation of utilities, activity of a certain project / machineries and equipment building / structure or portions of building/structures. thereof after the accompanying principal plans, specifications and Conversion Change in use or occupancy of other pertinent documents with buildings/structures of any the duly notarized application are portion/s thereof, which has found satisfactory and different requirements substantially conforming with the Demolition Systematic dismantling or NBCP and its IRR destruction of a building / - Aside from building structure, in whole or in part permit, we also have to pass the floor plan Moving The transfer of buildings/structure (signed and sealed), or portion/s thereof from original structural analysis (for big location or position to another, structures), sanitation either within the same lot or to a (mostly for restaurants) different one Building Official Responsible for carrying out the Renovation Any physical change made on provisions of the code in the field buildings/structures to increase as well as the enforcement of the value, quality, and/or to orders and decisions improve aesthetic - OBO - Office of the Building Officials - nasa Repair Remedial work done on any LGU na nagbibigay ng damaged or deteriorated portion/s building permit of building/structures to restore to its original condition Chapter 4 – Types of Construction SECTION 401 - TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF ACTIVITIES BEING DONE Type I Construction is the most Addition Any new construction which combustible of the five types. increases the height and/or floor Uses only wood in area of existing buildings / construction. structures Wood Construction Alteration Changes in the materials used, Type II Like Type I but with one hour partitioning, location/size of UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 9  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER fire protective and resistive materials Chapter 5 – Fire Zones shall be of wood construction Chapter 6 – Fire-Resistive Requirements in with protective fire-resistant Construction materials and one hour fire-resistive throughout, except, that permanent REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ZONES non-bearing partitions may use fire-retardant treated Fire Zones are areas within which only wood within the framing certain types of buildings are assembly with one hour permitted to be constructed based resistivity on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to Type III Similar to Type II, except fire only exterior walls, must be of incombustible fire resistive Fire Resistive the degree to which a material materials (masonry, Rating can withstand fire as determined concrete) by generally recognized and shall be of masonry and accepted testing methods wood construction. Structural elements may be any of the Fire Resistive length of time a material can materials permitted by the Time Period withstand being burned which Code provided, that the Rating may be one-hour, two-hours, building shall be one-hour three-hours, four-hours. fire-resistive throughout. Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire-resistive Section 502 A building or structure which is construction located partly in one fire zone and partly in another shall be Type IV Similar to Type III, except considered to be in the more besides exterior walls, highly restrictive fire zone, when interior walls and ceilings more than one-third of its total must also be incombustible floor area is located in such zone. with 1 hour fire resistive materials. Chapter 7 – Classification and General Requirement shall be steel, iron, concrete, of All Buildings by Use or by Occupancy or masonry construction and walls, ceiling and permanent OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS partitions shall be of incombustible fire-resistive Group A - Group A includes residential construction, except, that Residential buildings for single family permanent non-bearing Dwellings occupants which accommodates partitions of one-hour less than 10 persons. fire-resistive construction may use fire-retardant Group B - Group B Occupancies shall be treated wood within the Residentials, multiple dwelling units including framing assembly. Hotels and boarding or lodging houses, Apartments hotels, apartment buildings, row Type V Similar to type IV exempt the houses, convents, monasteries entire structure must be and other similar building each of incombustible and fire which accommodates more than resistive. 10 persons shall be four-hour fire-resistive throughout and Group C - Group C Occupancies shall be the structural elements shall Education and buildings used for school or be of steel, iron, concrete, or Recreation day-care purposes, involving masonry construction UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 10  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER assemblage for instruction, no open flame, welding, or education, or recreation, and not the use of highly flammable classified in Group I or Group H liquids. Occupancies Group F - Group F Occupancies shall Group D - Division 1 – Mental Industrial include: ice plants, power plants, Institutional hospitals, mental sanitaria, pumping plants, cold storage, and jails, prisons, reformatories, creameries, factories and and buildings were personal workshops using incombustible liberties of inmates are and non-explosive materials, and similarly restrained storage and sales rooms for Division 2 – Nurseries for incombustible and nonexplosive full-time care of children materials under kindergarten age, hospitals, sanitaria, nursing Group G - Division 1 – Storage and homes with non-ambulatory Storage and handling of hazardous and patients, and similar Hazardous highly flammable material buildings each Division 2 – Storage and accommodating more than handling of flammable five persons. materials, dry cleaning Division 3 – Nursing homes plants using flammable for ambulatory patients, liquids; paint stores with bulk homes for children of handling, paint shops and kindergarten age or over, spray painting rooms each accommodating more Division 3 – Wood working than five persons: Provided, establishments, planning that they do not include mills and box factories, buildings used only for shops, factories where loose private or family group combustible fibers or dust dwelling purposes are manufactured, processed or generated; Group E - Division 1 – Gasoline filling warehouses where highly Business and and service stations, storage combustible materials is Mercantile garages and boat storage stored structures where no work is Division 4 – Repair garages done except exchange of Division 5 – Aircrafts repair parts and maintenance hangars requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly Group H - Division 1 – Any assembly flammable liquids Assembly Other building with a stage and an Division 2 – Wholesale and than Group I occupant load of less than retail stores, office buildings, 1000 In the building. drinking and dining Division 2 – An assembly establishments having an building without stage and occupant load of less than having an occupant load of one hundred persons, 300 or more in the building. printing plants, police and Division 3 – An assembly fire stations, factories and building without a stage and workshops using not highly having an occupant load of flammable or combustible less than 300 in the building. materials and paint stores Division 4 – Stadia, without bulk handlings. reviewing stands, Division 3 – Aircraft hangars amusement park structures and open parking garages not included within Group I where no repair work is done or in Division 1, 2, and 3 of except exchange of parts this Group. and maintenance requiring UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 11  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Group I - Group I Occupancies shall be any Property or has direct access to a Assembly assembly building with a stage public space, yard or street Occupant Load and an occupant load of 1000 or on at least one of its sides. 1000 or More more in the building. The center line of an adjoining street or alley shall Group J - Division 1 – Agricultural be considered an adjacent Accessory structures property line. Division 2 – Private Eaves over required garages, carports, fences windows shall not be less over 1.80 meters high, tanks, than 750 millimeters from the swimming pools and towers. side and rear property lines. Division 3 – Stages, Exterior walls shall have fire platforms, pelota, tennis, resistance and opening badminton or basketball protection. Projections courts, tombs, mausoleums, beyond the exterior wall shall niches, aviaries, aquariums, not exceed beyond a point zoo structures, banks and onethird the distance from record vaults Other an assumed vertical plane subgroupings or divisions located where the fire within Groups A to J may be resistive protection of determined by the Secretary. openings is first required to Any other occupancy not the location on property mentioned specifically in this whichever is the least Section, or about which restrictive. there is any question, shall Distance shall be measured be included in the Group at right angles from the which it most nearly property line. When resembles based on the openings in exterior walls existing or proposed life and are required to be protected due to distance from fire hazard. property line, the sum of the areas of such openings in any story shall not exceed 50 percent of the total area Section 702. No change shall be made in the of the wall in that story. Change in Use character of occupancy or use of any building which would place Section 705. The allowable floor areas for the building in a different division Allowable Floor one-story building and buildings of the same group of occupancy Area over one-story shall not exceed or in a different group of the limits prescribed by the occupancies, unless such building Secretary for each occupancy is made to comply with the groups and/or types of requirements of this Code for construction. such division or group of occupancy. The character of Section 707. The maximum height and number occupancy of existing buildings Maximum of stories of proposed building may be changed subject to the Height of shall be dependent upon the approval of the Building Official Buildings character of use or occupancy and the building may be occupied and the type of construction, for purposes set forth in other considering end user population Groups: Provided the new or density, light and ventilation, width proposed use is less hazardous, of RROW/streets particularly of its based on life and fire risk, than roadway/carriageway component, the existing use. building bulk, off-street cum off-site parking requirements, etc. Section 704. No building shall be and in relation to local land use Location of constructed unless it adjoins plan and zoning regulations as UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 12  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER well as other environmental clear of all projections from the walls enclosing considerations, e.g., such wells or yards with the exception of roof meteorological, geological, leaders, wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes topographical, hydrological, not exceeding 1.20 meters in width. prevailing traffic conditions, the Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height availability and capacity of public not less than 1.80 meters above and below it. utility/service systems, etc. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.40 Section 708. Every dwelling shall be so meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; Minimum constructed and arranged as Provided that for buildings of more than one Requirements to provide adequate light and story, the minimum ceiling height of the first story for Group A ventilation. shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second Dwellings Every dwelling shall be story 2.40 meters and succeeding stories shall provided with at least one have an unobstructed typical head-room sanitary toilet and adequate clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the washing and drainage finished floor. facilities. Above stated rooms with a natural ventilation Footings shall be of sufficient shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.70 size and strength to support meters. the load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600 MINIMUM SIZES OF ROOMS AND THEIR LEAST millimeters below the surface HORIZONTAL DIMENSIONS of the ground. The live load of the first floor Rooms for 6.00 square meters with a least shall be at least 200 Human dimension of 2.00 meters kilograms per square meter Habitations and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per Kitchens 3.0 square meters with a least square meter. dimension of 1.50 meters The wind load for roofs shall be at least 120 kilograms per Bath and Toilet 1.20 square meters with a least square meter for vertical dimension of 0.90 meter projection. Stairs shall be at least 750 MINIMUM AIR SPACE millimeters in clear width, with a rise of 200 millimeters School Rooms 3.00 square meters with 1.00 and a minimum run of 200 square meter of floor area per millimeters. person There shall be at least one entrance and another one for Workshops, 12.00 cubic meters of air space exit. Factories, and per person All electrical installation shall Offices conform to the requirements of the Philippine Electrical Habitable 14.00 cubic meters of air space Code. Rooms per person Mechanical systems and/or equipment installation shall be subject to the requirement of the Philippine OTHER COMPONENTS Mechanical Engineering Code. Chapter 9 – Sanitation Chapter 10 - Building Projection over public streets Chapter 8 – Light and Ventilation Chapter 11 - Protection of Pedestrian during Construction or Demolition Courts, yards, and light wells shall be measured Chapter 12 - General Design and Construction UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 13  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Requirements Chapter 20 - Signs Chapter 13 - Electrical and Mechanical Regulations Chapter 14 - Photographic and X-Ray Films Chapter 15 - Pre-fabricated Construction Chapter 16 - Plastics Chapter 17 - Sheet Metal Paint Spray Booths Chapter 18 - Glass and Glazing Chapter 19 - The Use of Computers MODULE 4: LIFE SAFETY - and the degree of Hazard A hazard poses the threat that an uncertainty as to the unwanted event, possibly a magnitude or nature of catastrophe, may occur. A loads and the properties potential to cause harm. and behavior of building components. Risk Risk is the probability/likelihood that the event or harm will occur. Load Factor a multiplication factor for service - Threat (or Hazard) + load condition, offers flexibility in Vulnerability + Exposure the design of a system for a = Risk combination of different loadings. - Threat - a new incident that has potential to harm PROTECTION AGAINST WIND a system - Vulnerability - A known Pressures Considered positive when they weakness of an asset tend to push a building that hackers could exploit component toward the building - Exposure - Check the interior. They are treated as subject where he/she is negative for suctions or uplifts, exposed, like his/her which tend to pull components environment outward. - Risk - the potential for loss or damage when Failure Modes Consideration of the ways in threat exploits a which winds may damage or vulnerability destroy buildings suggests provisions that should be made to prevent failures. DESIGN LIFE OF BUILDINGS Past experience with Design of for both normal and emergency building damage by winds Buildings conditions should always indicates buildings are likely incorporate a safety factor against to fail by overturning; sliding; failure. separation of components; excessive sway, or drift; or The magnitude of the safety structural collapse. factor should be selected in Light-weight and open-sided accordance with: structures may be subject to - the importance of a failure either partially, or building wholly, due to uplift. - the extent of personal injury or property loss that PROTECTION AGAINST EARTHQUAKES may result if a failure occurs; Buildings should be designed to withstand minor UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 14  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER earthquakes without damage, because they may Earthquake measure the intensity of occur almost everywhere. Intensity Scale) earthquake. It is almost the same with Modified Mercalli scale. For major earthquakes, it may not be economical to prevent all damage but collapse should be precluded. NSCP 2015 on Section 208 Earthquake Soil Profile Type Earthquake Earthquakes are produced Loads Seismic Parameters Characteristics by sudden release of - Zone tremendous amounts of - Near Source energy within the earth by a Factor sudden movement at a point - Seismic called the hypocenter. (The Coefficients point on the surface of the Active Faults earth directly above the Irregularities hypocenter is called the epicenter.) Accelerations are recorded in accelerograms, which are PROTECTION AGAINST WATER a plot of the variation with time of components of the Whether thrust against and into a building by a flood, ground accelerations. driven into the interior by heavy rain, leaking from plumbing, storm surge, or seeping through the exterior Seismic Scales For study of the behavior of enclosure, water can cause costly damage to a buildings in past building. Consequently, designers should protect earthquakes and application buildings and their contents against water damage. of the information collected to contemporary seismic Protective measures may be divided into two classes: design, it is useful to have flood proofing and waterproofing. some quantitative means for comparing earthquake Floodproofing provides protection against severity. flowing surface water, Two scales, the Modified commonly caused by a river Mercalli and the Richter, are overflowing its banks. commonly used. Buildings must be built on Modified Mercalli scale higher areas, on an earth compares earthquake filled with embankments intensity by assigning values protected against erosion by to human perceptions of the water. severity of oscillations and No basements allowed extent of damage to because of costly protection buildings. against water pressure. Richter scale assigns Raising on stilts (columns in numbers M to earthquake an unenclosed space); stilts intensity in accordance with may be used for parking. the amount of energy Impervious exterior: windows released. above flood stage, doors seal tightly against their Soil Occurs when a saturated or frames, walls. Liquefaction partially saturated solid Mechanical and electrical substantially loses strength and equipment must be located stiffness above floor level. Auxiliary electric generators Landslides A landslide is the movement of can be provided during rock, earth or debris down a emergencies. sloped section of land Emergency water supply should be stored above flood PEIS (Phivolcs A scale used in the Philippines to level. UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 15  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Waterproofing provides protection against National Building Code of the Philippines Section penetration through the 603 - Fire Resistive Standards exterior enclosure of buildings of groundwater, Fire Suppresion Fire Extinguishers rainwater, and melting snow. Systems Automatic Sprinklers Buildings adjacent to large Standpipes water bodies may also require protection from Smoke and Heat Ventilation facilities should be undermining due to erosion Venting provided in addition to the and impact from storm protection afforded by automatic driven waves. sprinklers and hose stations. Leakage may be prevented by use of weather stripping around windows and doors. CLASSES OF FIRES Impervious water stops in joints. Calking of cracks and other openings ROOF DRAINAGE Flat Roofs Ponding of rainwater causes structural members to deflect, additional weight of water. Roofs should be sloped toward drains and pipes according to plumbing codes. PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE There are two distinct aspects of fire protection: life FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS safety and property protection. Fire Extinguisher Absolute safety from fire is not attainable. It is not possible to eliminate all combustible materials or all potential ignition sources. The standards most widely adopted fire protection design parameter are those published by the National Fire Protection Associations (NFPA) Underwriters UL publishes testing laboratory Laboratories, approvals of devices and systems Inc (UL) in its “Fire Protection Equipment List,” updated annually and by bimonthly supplements. Republic Act Responsibility for the No. 9514 - Fire Reinforcement of Code - Code of the BFP Automatic Sprinklers Philippines of Inspections, Safety Standpipes 2008 Measures, Constructions and Warning Systems Prohibited Acts, Violations, Penalties UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 16  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER SMOKE AND HEAT VENTING - Smokeproof tower/stair Ventilation facilities should be provided in addition vestibule to the protection afforded by automatic sprinklers - Escalators and hose stations - Moving Walks EMERGENCY EGRESS CONSTRUCTION SAFETY Emergency The arrangement of exit Safety Management is required by DOLE Egress facilities should permit RA 11058 - Occupational Safety and Health occupants to move freely Standards Law toward exits that they can see clearly and that can be reached by safe, unobstructed, uncongested paths. The paths should be accessible to and usable by handicapped persons, including those in wheelchairs, if they may be occupants. Egress Many building codes define an Components exit as a safe means of egress from the interior of a building to an open exterior space beyond - PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) the reach of a building fire or give an equivalent definition. RA 11058 - An Provides Filipino workers are Act of given better protection in the A mean of egress is a continuous, Strengthening workplace; safe and unobstructed path for evacuees Compliance with healthful workplace; from any point in a building to a Occupational protection for hazards public way. Safety and Applied to all contractors and Health sub-contractors except Exit access That portion that leads to an Standards public sector entrance to an exit. (OSHS) and Providing Exit The portion that is separated from Penalties for all other building spaces by Violations or construction or equipment OSHS Act required to provide a protected path. Occupational a set of rules issued by Safety and Department of Labor and Exit discharge The portion that connects the Health Employment (DOLE) which termination of an exit to a public Standards mandates appropriate practices, way. (OSHS) methods, operations or processes and working conditions necessary Types of Exits Building codes generally to ensure safe and healthful recognize the following as environment acceptable exits when they meet the codes' safety requirements: Employer's 1. Provide a workplace that - Exit passageways responsibilities is free from hazardous - Exit Doors conditions - Horizontal Exits 2. Give complete job - Interior stairs instructions regarding - Exterior stairs type of work, hazards UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 17  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER associated with work, use communication systems. as of PPEs (toolbox electrical and communication meetings) systems 3. Provide safety signage The key element in diverting and devices lightning away from a 4. Assignment of safety building is an air terminal or officer, physicians, lightning rod, a conductor medical team that projects into the air at 5. Mandatory training of least 12 in above the roof. OSHS Safety officer 1. Trained by DOLE - OSH PROTECTION AGAINST INTRUDERS Program: 2-hr to 80-hr Protection Prevention of illegal entry into trainings Against buildings by professional 2. Overall management of Intruders criminals determined to break in the safety program is not practical. Hence, the prime 3. Frequently monitor and objective of security measures is inspect during operations to make illegal entry difficult. 4. Issue stoppage of work when hazard is identified Security Center The security center may be or present equipped with or connected to electronic devices that do the LIGHTNING PROTECTION following: 1. Detect a break-in attempt Lightning Lightning, a high-voltage, and sound an alarm Protection high-current electrical 2. Identify the point of discharge between clouds intrusion and the ground, may strike 3. Turn on lights and destroy life and property 4. Display the intruder on anywhere thunderstorms closed-circuit television have occurred in the past. and record observations Buildings and their on videotape. occupants can be protected 5. Notify the police. against this hazard by 6. Limit entry to specific installation of a special spaces only to approved electrical system. personnel and only at permitted times. Methods of Objectives of lightning 7. Change locks Protecting protection are life safety, automatically. Againts prevention of property Lightning damage, and maintenance of essential services, such MODULE 5: VERTICAL CIRCULATION CLASSES OF VERTICAL Vertical Vertical circulation comprises Circulation For movement of people and Circulation major subsystems that provide a Class I goods. Includes ramps, stairs, means in multistory buildings for escalators, elevators movement of people and goods between floors. I-A Comprises subsystems that can be used by people under normal conditions and as a means of egress under emergency UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 18  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER conditions, such as fire. This width, with a rise of 200 class includes ramps, stairs and millimeters and a minimum escalator. run of 200 millimeters. I-B Subsystems not acceptable as a Exit Capacity The number of stairways required means of egress that may be in a building is usually controlled used in emergencies for by the local building code. 100psf evacuation of building occupants. live load Class II Not permitted for movement of Escalators Escalators are powered people. It includes dumbwaiters stairs, a sequence of and vertical conveyors. continuously moving steps that transport passengers, standing or walking, between two floors of a multistory building. Ramps A ramp is a sloping NBCP - The angle of passageway for movement inclination of an escalator of people and goods. shall not exceed 30° from Types: straight and zigzag It the horizontal. is a necessity for movement Escalators are useful for of handicapped persons, moving large numbers of especially those restricted to people between floors of a wheelchairs, between floors multistory building, with ittle of multistory buildings or or no waiting time for between the street and the transportation. building interior when elevators are not available. Elevator An elevator is a hoisting and 8% (1:12) is the preferred lowering mechanism max slope BP 344 equipped with car or platform BP344- Accessibility Law: that moves along guides in a An Act to Enhance Mobility shaft, or hoist way. of Disabled Persons Transports passengers and/or goods between floors. Powered Ramps A moving walk is a type of passenger-carrying powered Elevator Car A car consists of a platform, device on which passengers raised or lowered by wire ropes or stand or walk. a hydraulic The passenger-carrying moving surface is continuous Elavator A hoistway is a shaft in and stays parallel to its Hostway/ which an elevator travels. direction of motion. Elevator Shaft Shaft enclosure has A powered ramp is an openings to provide access inclined moving walk. to an elevator car. It should be operation in the In a pit at the bottom of the incapable of direction hoistway, buffers or bumpers opposite to normal exit are installed to stop a travel. descending car or counterweight by storing or Stairs Stairs, or stairways, like absorbing and dissipating its ramps, are sloping kinetic energy. passageways for movement of people. Dumbwaiters Used in multistory buildings Maximum slope of stair for to transport small loads comfort is 27°. between levels. NBCP: Stairs shall be at Too small to carry an least 750 millimeters in clear operator or passenger. UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 19  CE2211: BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGNS - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER PARTS OF AN ELEVATOR Mail Chutes Used in multistory buildings to transport mails from higher floors to a central depository Garbage-Chutes A long vertical dumpster or bin in buildings that passes by each floor and has an opening on each or alternate floors Laundry Chutes Construction Debris Chute Pmeumatic Tube System STAIRS NOTE This file is intended for reviewing purposes only and nothing else. DISCLAIMER Although it has been prepared and checked with care by students this reviewer has not been rechecked by a professor. Please be cautious when using this reviewer. Feel free to inform us for any inconsistencies. We do not own any of the contents in this file. All pictures, contents, and solutions belong to their respective owners. Some parts are based from the powerpoints/handouts of our instructors. CREDITS Transcribed by: Lovelin Alcantara Checked by: Ronielle Angela Rey UST ACES ‘24-’25 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE PROJECT ASSIST 2.0 20